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Hu C, Rees NH, Pink M, Goicoechea JM. Isolation and characterization of a two-coordinate phosphinidene oxide. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01586-x. [PMID: 39009793 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitroso compounds, R-N=O, are common intermediates in organic synthesis, and are typically amenable to storage and manipulation at ambient temperature under aerobic conditions. By contrast, phosphorus-containing analogues, such as R-P=O (R = OH, CH3, OCH3, Ph), are extremely reactive and need to be studied in inert gas matrices at ultralow temperatures (3-15 K). These species are believed to be key intermediates in the degradation/combustion of organic phosphorus compounds, a class of chemicals that includes chemical warfare agents and flame retardants. Here we describe the isolation of a two-coordinate phosphorus(III) oxide under ambient conditions, enabled by the use of an extremely bulky amine ligand. Reactivity studies reveal that the phosphorus centre can be readily oxidized, and that in doing so, the P-O bond remains intact, an observation that is of interest to the proposed reactivity of transient phosphorus(III) oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nicolas H Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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2
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Abstract
Three oxygen donor gallium(III) halide complexes, [GaX3(O=P(TMP)3] (TMP = trimethoxylphenyl and X = Cl− (1), Br− (2) and I− (3)), are prepared by oxidation in mixed solvents from their phosphine adducts of [GaX3(P(TMP)3]. Three crystalline compounds are obtained from the solutions and their crystal structures are determined in the solid state. It is rare to generate a crystalline phase for metal–adduct compounds of this bulky ligand; in this paper, three new crystal structures are presented.
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3
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Dhara D, Pal PK, Dolai R, Chrysochos N, Rawat H, Elvers BJ, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Schulzke C, Chandrasekhar V, Priyakumar UD, Jana A. Synthesis and reactivity of NHC-coordinated phosphinidene oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9546-9549. [PMID: 34546278 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilised phosphinidene oxide by the controlled oxygenation of a phosphinidene under ambient conditions. This compound can be further oxygenated to a phosphinidene dioxide. The stoichiometric reduction of a phosphinidene oxide with KC8 resembles the pinacol coupling reaction-the reduction of a carbonyl compound. We also looked at the stoichiometric oxidation of NHC-coordinated phosphinidene, phosphinidene oxide and phosphinidene dioxide with [NO][SbF6].
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500032, India.
| | - Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500032, India.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
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4
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Mardyukov A, Keul F, Schreiner PR. Isolation and Characterization of the Free Phenylphosphinidene Chalcogenides C
6
H
5
P=O and C
6
H
5
P=S, the Phosphorous Analogues of Nitrosobenzene and Thionitrosobenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Felix Keul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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5
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Mardyukov A, Keul F, Schreiner PR. Isolation and Characterization of the Free Phenylphosphinidene Chalcogenides C 6 H 5 P=O and C 6 H 5 P=S, the Phosphorous Analogues of Nitrosobenzene and Thionitrosobenzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12445-12449. [PMID: 32311208 PMCID: PMC7384188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The structures and reactivities of organic phosphinidene chalcogenides have been mainly inferred from trapping or complexation experiments. Phosphinidene chalcogenide derivatives appear to be an elusive family of molecules that have been suggested as reactive intermediates in multiple organophosphorus reactions. The quest to isolate "free" phosphinidene chalcogenides remains a challenge in the field. Here, we present the synthesis, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopic identification of hitherto elusive phenylphosphinidene oxide and phenylphosphinidene sulfide from the corresponding phosphonic diazide precursors. We isolated these higher congeners of nitroso- and thionitrosobenzene in argon matrices at 10 K. The spectral assignments are supported by B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) and MP2/cc-pVTZ computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mardyukov
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Felix Keul
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
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6
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Liu LL, Zhou J, Kim Y, Cao LL, Stephan DW. Oligomerization of phosphaalkynes mediated by bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes: avenues to novel phosphorus frameworks. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14242-14245. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of RCP (R = tBu or Ad (admantyl)) with NHCs (SIMes, 1a; IMes, 1b and IDipp, 1d), leading to 1,2,3-triphosphetenes 2 and 3, a triphosphole 4, and a di-1,2-dihydro-1,2-diphosphete-substituted diphosphene 5, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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7
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Chen X, Hinz A, Harmer JR, Li Z. Metastable phosphorus neutral monoradical: a key intermediate in the bicyclic cage formation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2549-2553. [PMID: 30667420 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A key intermediate in the formation of a bicyclic cage formed between a biradical (LCP)2 (L = carbene) and an unsaturated substrate via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has been isolated and fully characterized including by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
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8
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Chu X, Song C, Yang Y, Zeng X. Oxidation of a phosphinidene oxide: formation of a dioxaphosphirane oxide with oxygen scrambling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 55:245-248. [PMID: 30534675 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08945k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of a prototypical phosphinidene oxide FP[double bond, length as m-dash]O has been studied in O2-doped Ar and N2 matrices at 10 K. Upon 266 nm laser irradiation, FP[double bond, length as m-dash]O combines with O2 and yields the cyclic peroxide, dioxaphosphirane oxide FP([double bond, length as m-dash]O)(O2). Unexpected oxygen scrambling occurs during the oxygenation as evidenced by the observation of a 1 : 2 mixture of FP([double bond, length as m-dash]16O)(18O18O) and FP([double bond, length as m-dash]18O)(16O18O) when 18O2 was used. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the scrambling happens via the intermediacy of the low-lying triplet FPO3 by passing minimum energy crossing points (MECPs). In addition, inorganic dioxophosphorane FP([double bond, length as m-dash]O)2 has been also identified among the oxidation products of FP[double bond, length as m-dash]O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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9
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Liu LL, Cao LL, Zhou J, Stephan DW. Facile Cleavage of the P=P Double Bond in Vinyl-Substituted Diphosphenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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10
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Liu LL, Cao LL, Zhou J, Stephan DW. Facile Cleavage of the P=P Double Bond in Vinyl-Substituted Diphosphenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:273-277. [PMID: 30444313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) 1 with phosphaalkynes generate the kinetically unstable CAAC-derived phosphirenes 4 and 5, which undergo rearrangement/dimerization reactions to give the vinyl-substituted diphosphenes 2, 3, and 6. The P=P double bond scission of 2 or 3 is unprecedentedly effected by S8 , [AuCl(tht)], or MeOTf at room temperature, which affords a dithiophosphorane 7, a phosphepine Au complex 8, or phosphepinium cations 9 and 10, respectively. The cationic species feature little homoaromaticity while representing the first examples of the phosphorus-containing analogue of the tropylium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Levy L Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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