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Valatabar N, Oroojalian F, Kazemzadeh M, Mokhtarzadeh AA, Safaralizadeh R, Sahebkar A. Recent advances in gene delivery nanoplatforms based on spherical nucleic acids. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:386. [PMID: 38951806 PMCID: PMC11218236 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a therapeutic option for mitigating diseases that do not respond well to pharmacological therapy. This type of therapy allows for correcting altered and defective genes by transferring nucleic acids to target cells. Notably, achieving a desirable outcome is possible by successfully delivering genetic materials into the cell. In-vivo gene transfer strategies use two major classes of vectors, namely viral and nonviral. Both of these systems have distinct pros and cons, and the choice of a delivery system depends on therapeutic objectives and other considerations. Safe and efficient gene transfer is the main feature of any delivery system. Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems (i.e., non-viral vectors). They are three-dimensional structures consisting of a hollow or solid spherical core nanoparticle that is functionalized with a dense and highly organized layer of oligonucleotides. The unique structural features of SNAs confer them a high potency in internalization into various types of tissue and cells, a high stability against nucleases, and efficay in penetrating through various biological barriers (such as the skin, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier). SNAs also show negligible toxicity and trigger minimal immune response reactions. During the last two decades, all these favorable physicochemical and biological attributes have made them attractive vehicles for drug and nucleic acid delivery. This article discusses the unique structural properties, types of SNAs, and also optimization mechanisms of SNAs. We also focus on recent advances in the synthesis of gene delivery nanoplatforms based on the SNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mina Kazemzadeh
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang G, Han S, Lu Y. From Structure to Application: The Evolutionary Trajectory of Spherical Nucleic Acids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310026. [PMID: 38860348 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the proposal of the concept of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) in 1996, numerous studies have focused on this topic and have achieved great advances. As a new delivery system for nucleic acids, SNAs have advantages over conventional deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructures, including independence from transfection reagents, tolerance to nucleases, and lower immune reactions. The flexible structure of SNAs proves that various inorganic or organic materials can be used as the core, and different types of nucleic acids can be conjugated to realize diverse functions and achieve surprising and exciting outcomes. The special DNA nanostructures have been employed for immunomodulation, gene regulation, drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. Despite the lack of rational design strategies, potential cytotoxicity, and structural defects of this technology, various successful examples demonstrate the bright and convincing future of SNAs in fields such as new materials, clinical practice, and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijia Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Tang X, Zhao S, Luo J, Wang B, Wu X, Deng R, Chang K, Chen M. Smart Stimuli-Responsive Spherical Nucleic Acids: Cutting-Edge Platforms for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310732. [PMID: 38299771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with exceptional colloidal stability, multiple modularity, and programmability are excellent candidates to address common molecular delivery-related issues. Based on this, the higher targeting accuracy and enhanced controllability of stimuli-responsive SNAs render them precise nanoplatforms with inestimable prospects for diverse biomedical applications. Therefore, tailored diagnosis and treatment with stimuli-responsive SNAs may be a robust strategy to break through the bottlenecks associated with traditional nanocarriers. Various stimuli-responsive SNAs are engineered through the incorporation of multifunctional modifications to meet biomedical demands with the development of nucleic acid functionalization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prominent research in this area and recent advancements in the utilization of stimuli-responsive SNAs in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics. For each aspect, SNA nanoplatforms that exhibit responsive behavior to both internal stimuli (including sequence, enzyme, redox reactions, and pH) and external stimuli (such as light and temperature) are highlighted. This review is expected to offer inspiration and guidance strategies for the rational design and development of stimuli-responsive SNAs in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Binpan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xianlan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruijia Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Wu Y, Luo L, Hao Z, Liu D. DNA-based nanostructures for RNA delivery. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:207-224. [PMID: 38919398 PMCID: PMC11195427 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and infectious diseases. However, the delivery of RNA molecules into target cells has been a major challenge due to their susceptibility to degradation and inefficient cellular uptake. To overcome these hurdles, DNA-based nano technology offers an unprecedented opportunity as a potential delivery platform for RNA therapeutics. Due to its excellent characteristics such as programmability and biocompatibility, these DNA-based nanostructures, composed of DNA molecules assembled into precise and programmable structures, have garnered significant attention as ideal building materials for protecting and delivering RNA payloads to the desired cellular destinations. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the design and application of three DNA-based nanostructures: DNA origami, lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) technology related to frame guided assembly (FGA), and DNA hydrogel for the delivery of RNA molecules. Their biomedical applications are briefly discussed and the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Beijing SupraCirc Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Hatami H, Rahiman N, Mohammadi M. Oligonucleotide based nanogels for cancer therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131401. [PMID: 38582467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based nanogels, as nascent biomaterials, possess several unique functional, structural, and physicochemical features with excellent drug-loading capacity and high potential for cancer gene therapy. Ongoing studies utilizing oligonucleotide-based nanogels hold great promise, as these cutting-edge nanoplatforms can be elegantly developed with predesigned oligonucleotide sequences and complementary strands which are self-assembled or chemically crosslinked leading to the development of nanogels with predictable shape and tunable size with the desired functional properties. Current paper provides a summary of the properties, preparation methods, and applications of oligonucleotide-based nanogels in cancer therapy. The review is focused on both conventional and modified forms of oligonucleotide-based nanogels, including targeted nanogels, smart release nanogels (responsive to stimuli such as pH, temperature, and enzymes), as well as nanogels used for gene delivery. Their application in cancer immunotherapy and vaccination, photodynamic therapy, and diagnostic applications when combined with other nanoparticles is further discussed. Despite emerging designs in the development of oligonucleotide based nanogels, this field of study is still in its infancy, and clinical translation of these versatile nano-vehicles might face challenges. Hence, extensive research must be performed on in vivo behavior of such platforms determining their biodistribution, biological fate, and acute/subacute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Hatami
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Park J, Evangelopoulos M, Vasher MK, Kudruk S, Ramani N, Mayer V, Solivan AC, Lee A, Mirkin CA. Enhancing Endosomal Escape and Gene Regulation Activity for Spherical Nucleic Acids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306902. [PMID: 37932003 PMCID: PMC10947971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is limited by their poor stability and low cellular uptake. When formulated as spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), siRNAs are resistant to nuclease degradation and enter cells without transfection agents with enhanced activity compared to their linear counterparts; however, the gene silencing activity of SNAs is limited by endosomal entrapment, a problem that impacts many siRNA-based nanoparticle constructs. To increase cytosolic delivery, SNAs are formulated using calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) instead of the conventionally used sodium chloride (NaCl). The divalent calcium (Ca2+ ) ions remain associated with the multivalent SNA and have a higher affinity for SNAs compared to their linear counterparts. Importantly, confocal microscopy studies show a 22% decrease in the accumulation of CaCl2 -salted SNAs within the late endosomes compared to NaCl-salted SNAs, indicating increased cytosolic delivery. Consistent with this finding, CaCl2 -salted SNAs comprised of siRNA and antisense DNA all exhibit enhanced gene silencing activity (up to 20-fold), compared to NaCl-salted SNAs regardless of sequence or cell line (U87-MG and SK-OV-3) studied. Moreover, CaCl2 -salted SNA-based forced intercalation probes show improved cytosolic mRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Park
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K. Vasher
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Namrata Ramani
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Vinzenz Mayer
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Alexander C. Solivan
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
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Liu S, Yu CY, Wei H. Spherical nucleic acids-based nanoplatforms for tumor precision medicine and immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100750. [PMID: 37545568 PMCID: PMC10400933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors currently still face considerable challenges due to the development of highly degreed heterogeneity in the dynamic evolution of tumors. With the rapid development of genomics, personalized diagnosis and treatment using specific genes may be a robust strategy to break through the bottleneck of traditional tumor treatment. Nevertheless, efficient in vivo gene delivery has been frequently hampered by the inherent defects of vectors and various biological barriers. Encouragingly, spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with good modularity and programmability are excellent candidates capable of addressing traditional gene transfer-associated issues, which enables SNAs a precision nanoplatform with great potential for diverse biomedical applications. In this regard, there have been detailed reviews of SNA in drug delivery, gene regulation, and dermatology treatment. Still, to the best of our knowledge, there is no published systematic review summarizing the use of SNAs in oncology precision medicine and immunotherapy, which are considered new guidelines for oncology treatment. To this end, we summarized the notable advances in SNAs-based precision therapy and immunotherapy for tumors following a classification standard of different types of precise spatiotemporal control on active species by SNAs. Specifically, we focus on the structural diversity and programmability of SNAs. Finally, the challenges and possible solutions were discussed in the concluding remarks. This review will promote the rational design and development of SNAs for tumor-precise medicine and immunotherapy.
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Lin YQ, Feng KK, Lu JY, Le JQ, Li WL, Zhang BC, Li CL, Song XH, Tong LW, Shao JW. CRISPR/Cas9-based application for cancer therapy: Challenges and solutions for non-viral delivery. J Control Release 2023; 361:727-749. [PMID: 37591461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a promising therapeutic technique, which makes precise and rapid gene editing technology possible on account of its high sensitivity and efficiency. CRISPR/Cas9 system has been proved to able to effectively disrupt and modify genes, which shows great potential for cancer treatment. Current researches proves that virus vectors are capable of effectively delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system, but immunogenicity and carcinogenicity caused by virus transmission still trigger serious consequences. Therefore, the greatest challenge of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy lies on how to deliver it to the target tumor site safely and effectively. Non-viral delivery systems with specific targeting, high loading capacity, and low immune toxicity are more suitable than viral vectors, which limited by uncontrollable side effects. Their medical advances and applications have been widely concerned. Herein, we present the molecule mechanism and different construction strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 system for editing genes at the beginning of this research. Subsequently, several common CRISPR/Cas9 non-viral deliveries for cancer treatment are introduced. Lastly, based on the main factors limiting the delivery efficiency of non-viral vectors proposed in the existing researches and literature, we summarize and discuss the main methods to solve these limitations in the existing tumor treatment system, aiming to introduce further optimization and innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 non-viral delivery system suitable for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Ke Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jie-Ying Lu
- Faculty of Foreign Studies, Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangzhou 510450, China
| | - Jing-Qing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wu-Lin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bing-Chen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cheng-Lei Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xun-Huan Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ling-Wu Tong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Alkhaleefah FK, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Current updates of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and targeting within tumor cells: an innovative strategy of cancer management. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1257-1287. [PMID: 36209487 PMCID: PMC9759771 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9), an adaptive microbial immune system, has been exploited as a robust, accurate, efficient and programmable method for genome targeting and editing. This innovative and revolutionary technique can play a significant role in animal modeling, in vivo genome therapy, engineered cell therapy, cancer diagnosis and treatment. The CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease system targets a specific genomic locus by single guide RNA (sgRNA), forming a heteroduplex with target DNA. The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9/sgRNA:DNA complex reveals a bilobed architecture with target recognition and nuclease lobes. CRISPR/Cas9 assembly can be hijacked, and its nanoformulation can be engineered as a delivery system for different clinical utilizations. However, the efficient and safe delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target tissues and cancer cells is very challenging, limiting its clinical utilization. Viral delivery strategies of this system may have many advantages, but disadvantages such as immune system stimulation, tumor promotion risk and small insertion size outweigh these advantages. Thus, there is a desperate need to develop an efficient non-viral physical delivery system based on simple nanoformulations. The delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 by a nanoparticle-based system have shown tremendous potential, such as easy and large-scale production, combination therapy, large insertion size and efficient in vivo applications. This review aims to provide in-depth updates on Streptococcus pyogenic CRISPR/Cas9 structure and its mechanistic understanding. In addition, the advances in its nanoformulation-based delivery systems, including lipid-based, polymeric structures and rigid NPs coupled to special ligands such as aptamers, TAT peptides and cell-penetrating peptides, are discussed. Furthermore, the clinical applications in different cancers, clinical trials and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and genome targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
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Zhao M, Wang R, Yang K, Jiang Y, Peng Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Ding J, Shi S. Nucleic acid nanoassembly-enhanced RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:916-941. [PMID: 36970219 PMCID: PMC10031267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAs are involved in the crucial processes of disease progression and have emerged as powerful therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA to the targeted location and precise detection of RNA markers remains challenging. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applying nucleic acid nanoassemblies in diagnosing and treating. Due to the flexibility and deformability of nucleic acids, the nanoassemblies could be fabricated with different shapes and structures. With hybridization, nucleic acid nanoassemblies, including DNA and RNA nanostructures, can be applied to enhance RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. This review briefly introduces the construction and properties of different nucleic acid nanoassemblies and their applications for RNA therapy and diagnosis and makes further prospects for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kunmeng Yang
- The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yachen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Dimitrov E, Toncheva-Moncheva N, Bakardzhiev P, Forys A, Doumanov J, Mladenova K, Petrova S, Trzebicka B, Rangelov S. Nucleic acid-based supramolecular structures: vesicular spherical nucleic acids from a non-phospholipid nucleolipid. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3793-3803. [PMID: 36133345 PMCID: PMC9470030 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular spherical nucleic acids are dynamic nucleic acid-based supramolecular structures that are held together via non-covalent bonds. They have promising applications as drug and nucleic acid delivery materials, diagnostic and imaging tools and platforms for development of various therapeutic schemes. In this contribution, we report on vesicular spherical nucleic acids, constructed from a non-phospholipid nucleolipid - an original hybrid biomacromolecule, composed of a hydrophobic residue, resembling that of the naturally occurring phospholipids, and a DNA oligonucleotide strand. The nucleolipid was synthesized by coupling of dibenzocyclooctyne-functionalized oligonucleotide and azidated 1,3-dihexadecyloxy-propane-2-ol via an azide-alkyne click reaction. In aqueous solution it spontaneously self-associated into nanosized supramolecular structures, identified as unilamellar vesicles composed of a self-closed interdigitated bilayer. Vesicular structures were also formed upon intercalation of the nucleolipid via its lipid-mimetic residue in the phospholipid bilayer membrane of liposomes prepared from readily available and FDA-approved lipids (1,2-dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol). The vesicular structures are thoroughly investigated by light scattering (dynamic, static, and electrophoretic) and cryogenic TEM and the physical characteristics, in particular, number of strands per particle, grafting density, and conformation of the strands, were compared to those of reference spherical nucleic acids. Finally, the vesicular structures were shown to exhibit cellular internalization with no need of transfection agents and enhanced colloidal and nuclease stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dimitrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St. 103A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | | | - Pavel Bakardzhiev
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St. 103A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 Zabrze Poland
| | - Jordan Doumanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 8 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Kirilka Mladenova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 8 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Petrova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 8 1164 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 Zabrze Poland
| | - Stanislav Rangelov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Akad. G. Bonchev St. 103A 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
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12
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Chen F, Liu Q, Xiong Y, Xu L. Nucleic acid strategies for infectious disease treatments: The nanoparticle-based oral delivery route. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984981. [PMID: 36105233 PMCID: PMC9465296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on orally administrated nucleic acids have significant potential for the treatment of infectious diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and infectious and acute contagious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is because nucleic acids could precisely regulate susceptibility genes in regulating the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression related to the infections. Unfortunately, gene delivery remains a major hurdle due to multiple intracellular and extracellular barriers. This review thoroughly discusses the challenges of nanoparticle-based nucleic acid gene deliveries and strategies for overcoming delivery barriers to the inflammatory sites. Oral nucleic acid delivery case studies were also present as vital examples of applications in infectious diseases such as IBD and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Chen
- Translational Research Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock Trauma Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yang Xiong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xu,
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13
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Aliouat H, Peng Y, Waseem Z, Wang S, Zhou W. Pure DNA scaffolded drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Qian H, Zhou T, Fu Y, Guo M, Yang W, Zhang D, Fang W, Yao M, Shi H, Chai C, Cheng W, Ding S, Chen T. Self-assembled tetrahedral framework nucleic acid mediates tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming and restores antitumor immunity. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:763-773. [PMID: 35116188 PMCID: PMC8783116 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in depleting or repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to generate a proinflammatory effect. However, TAMs usually display an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. Apparently, developing a macrophage-targeting delivery system with immunomodulatory agents is urgent. In this study, an efficient siRNA and CpG ODNs delivery system (CpG-siRNA-tFNA) was prepared with nucleic acid stepwise self-assembled. The tFNA composed of CpG ODNs and siRNA showed a higher stability and an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA effectively reprogrammed TAMs toward M1 phenotype polarization with increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion and NF-κB signal pathway activation, which triggers dramatic antitumor immune responses. Additionally, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA exhibited superior antitumor efficacy in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model without obvious systemic side effects. Taken together, CpG-siRNA-tFNA displayed greatly antitumor effect by facilitating TAM polarization toward M1 phenotypes in favor of immunotherapy. Hence, we have developed an efficient therapeutic strategy with immunomodulatory agents for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - He Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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15
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Song Y, Song W, Lan X, Cai W, Jiang D. Spherical nucleic acids: Organized nucleotide aggregates as versatile nanomedicine. AGGREGATE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:e120. [PMID: 35386748 PMCID: PMC8982904 DOI: 10.1002/agt2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are composed of a nanoparticle core and a layer of densely arranged oligonucleotide shells. After the first report of SNA by Mirkin and coworkers in 1996, it has created a significant interest by offering new possibilities in the field of gene and drug delivery. The controlled aggregation of oligonucleotides on the surface of organic/inorganic nanoparticles improves the delivery of genes and nucleic acid-based drugs and alters and regulates the biological profiles of the nanoparticle core within living organisms. Here in this review, we present an overview of the recent progress of SNAs that has speeded up their biomedical application and their potential transition to clinical use. We start with introducing the concept and characteristics of SNAs as drug/gene delivery systems and highlight recent efforts of bioengineering SNA by imaging and treatmenting various diseases. Finally, we discuss potential challenges and opportunities of SNAs, their ongoing clinical trials, and future translation, and how they may affect the current landscape of clinical practices. We hope that this review will update our current understanding of SNA, organized oligonucleotide aggregates, for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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16
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Guo Y, Cao X, Zheng X, Abbas SJ, Li J, Tan W. Construction of nanocarriers based on nucleic acids and their application in nanobiology delivery systems. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac006. [PMID: 35668748 PMCID: PMC9162387 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarriers based on nucleic acids (NCNAs) have emerged as powerful and novel nanocarriers that are able to meet the demand for cancer cell-specific targeting. Functional dynamics analysis revealed good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and programmable structures, and their advantages include controllable size and modifiability. The development of novel hybrids has focused on the distinct roles of biosensing, drug and gene delivery, vaccine transport, photosensitization, counteracting drug resistance and functioning as carriers and logic gates. This review is divided into three parts: (1) DNA nanocarriers, (2) RNA nanocarriers, and (3) DNA/RNA hybrid nanocarriers and their biological applications. We also provide perspectives on possible future directions for growth in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiuping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi276005, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi276005, China
| | - Sk Jahir Abbas
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310022, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310022, China
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17
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Zhang Q, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent Advances in Plant Nanoscience. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103414. [PMID: 34761568 PMCID: PMC8805591 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have complex internal signaling pathways to quickly adjust to environmental changes and harvest energy from the environment. Facing the growing population, there is an urgent need for plant transformation and precise monitoring of plant growth to improve crop yields. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary research field, has recently been boosting plant yields and meeting global energy needs. In this context, a new field, "plant nanoscience," which describes the interaction between plants and nanotechnology, emerges as the times require. Nanosensors, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nano-plant genetic engineering are of great help in increasing crop yields. Nanogenerators are helping to develop the potential of plants in the field of energy harvesting. Furthermore, the uptake and internalization of nanomaterials in plants and the possible effects are also worthy of attention. In this review, a forward-looking perspective on the plant nanoscience is presented and feasible solutions for future food shortages and energy crises are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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18
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Guan C, Zhu X, Feng C. DNA Nanodevice-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1855. [PMID: 34944499 PMCID: PMC8699395 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA, a natural biological material, has become an ideal choice for biomedical applications, mainly owing to its good biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, modifiability, and especially programmability. In recent years, with the deepening of the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of DNA and the continuous advancement of DNA synthesis and modification technology, the biomedical applications based on DNA materials have been upgraded to version 2.0: through elaborate design and fabrication of smart-responsive DNA nanodevices, they can respond to external or internal physical or chemical stimuli so as to smartly perform certain specific functions. For tumor treatment, this advancement provides a new way to solve the problems of precise targeting, controllable release, and controllable elimination of drugs to a certain extent. Here, we review the progress of related fields over the past decade, and provide prospects for possible future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Guan
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chang Feng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
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19
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Pan X, Veroniaina H, Su N, Sha K, Jiang F, Wu Z, Qi X. Applications and developments of gene therapy drug delivery systems for genetic diseases. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:687-703. [PMID: 35027949 PMCID: PMC8737406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases seriously threaten human health and have always been one of the refractory conditions facing humanity. Currently, gene therapy drugs such as siRNA, shRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plasmid DNA and miRNA have shown great potential in biomedical applications. To avoid the degradation of gene therapy drugs in the body and effectively deliver them to target tissues, cells and organelles, the development of excellent drug delivery vehicles is of utmost importance. Viral vectors are the most widely used delivery vehicles for gene therapy in vivo and in vitro due to their high transfection efficiency and stable transgene expression. With the development of nanotechnology, novel nanocarriers are gradually replacing viral vectors, emerging superior performance. This review mainly illuminates the current widely used gene therapy drugs, summarizes the viral vectors and non-viral vectors that deliver gene therapy drugs, and sums up the application of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of the field are discussed from the perspective of developing an effective nano-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Pan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Nan Su
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Sha
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fenglin Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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20
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Jiang T, Qiao Y, Ruan W, Zhang D, Yang Q, Wang G, Chen Q, Zhu F, Yin J, Zou Y, Qian R, Zheng M, Shi B. Cation-Free siRNA Micelles as Effective Drug Delivery Platform and Potent RNAi Nanomedicines for Glioblastoma Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104779. [PMID: 34751990 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy shows great promise for glioblastoma (GBM). However, charge associated toxicity and limited blood-brain-barrier (BBB) penetration remain significant challenges for siRNA delivery for GBM therapy. Herein, novel cation-free siRNA micelles, prepared by the self-assembly of siRNA-disulfide-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (siRNA-SS-PNIPAM) diblock copolymers, are prepared. The siRNA micelles not only display enhanced blood circulation time, superior cell take-up, and effective at-site siRNA release, but also achieve potent BBB penetration. Moreover, due to being non-cationic, these siRNA micelles exert no charge-associated toxicity. Notably, these desirable properties of this novel RNA interfering (RNAi) nanomedicine result in outstanding growth inhibition of orthotopic U87MG xenografts without causing adverse effects, achieving remarkably improved survival benefits. Moreover, as a novel type of polymeric micelle, the siRNA micelle displays effective drug loading ability. When utilizing temozolomide (TMZ) as a model loading drug, the siRNA micelle realizes effective synergistic therapy effect via targeting the key gene (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, STAT3) in TMZ drug resistant pathways. The authors' results show that this siRNA micelle nanoparticle can serve as a robust and versatile drug codelivery platform, and RNAi nanomedicine and for effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yonghan Qiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Huaihe Hosiptal, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Qunzhi Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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21
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Zhang W, Callmann CE, Mirkin CA. Controlling the Biological Fate of Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acids Using Tunable Polyethylene Glycol Shells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46325-46333. [PMID: 34547202 PMCID: PMC8590845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal spherical nucleic acids (LSNAs) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) units are studied in an attempt to understand how the circulation time and biodistribution of the constructs can be manipulated. Specifically, the effect of (1) PEG molecular weight, (2) PEG shell stability, and (3) PEG modification method (PEG in both the core and shell versus PEG in the shell only) on LSNA blood circulation, biodistribution, and in vivo cell internalization in a syngeneic, orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer mouse model is studied. Generally, high PEG molecular weight extends blood circulation lifetime, and a more lipophilic anchor stabilizes the PEG shell and improves circulation and tumor accumulation but at the cost of cell uptake efficiency. The PEGylation strategy has a minor effect on in vitro properties of LSNAs but significantly alters in vivo cell uptake. For example, surface-only PEG in one design contributed to higher in vivo cell internalization than its counterpart with PEG both in the shell and core. Taken together, this work provides guidelines for designing LSNAs that exhibit maximal in vivo cancer cell uptake characteristics in the context of a breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E Callmann
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Shen L, Wang P, Ke Y. DNA Nanotechnology-Based Biosensors and Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002205. [PMID: 34085411 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, DNA nanotechnology engenders a vast variety of programmable nanostructures utilizing Watson-Crick base pairing. Due to their precise engineering, unprecedented programmability, and intrinsic biocompatibility, DNA nanostructures cannot only interact with small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, and cancer cells, but also can serve as nanocarriers to deliver different therapeutic agents. Such addressability innate to DNA nanostructures enables their use in various fields of biomedical applications such as biosensors and cancer therapy. This review is begun with a brief introduction of the development of DNA nanotechnology, followed by a summary of recent applications of DNA nanostructures in biosensors and therapeutics. Finally, challenges and opportunities for practical applications of DNA nanotechnology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Shen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
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23
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Ren Y, Liu X, Ge H, Guo Y, Zhang Q, Xie M, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhang C. A Combinatorial Approach Based on Nucleic Acid Assembly and Electrostatic Compression for siRNA Delivery. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Rolling Circle Replication for Biosensing, Bioimaging, and Biomedicine. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1160-1172. [PMID: 33715868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rolling circle replication (RCR), including rolling circle amplification (RCA) and rolling circle transcription (RCT), is an isothermal enzymatic reaction. Because of its high amplification efficiency, RCR is a powerful biosensing tool for detecting biomolecules. In recent years, RCR has also been extended to the field of bioimaging to better understand biological pathways. Furthermore, RCR provides a simple technique to design and generate DNA/RNA structures with unique advantages in delivering drugs and enhanced targeting ability. In this review, we introduce the fundamentals of RCR and describe the most recent advances in RCR-based detection methods and delivery vehicles for biosensing, bioimaging, and biomedicine. Finally, some challenges and further opportunities of RCR-based biotechnology are discussed.
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25
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de la Fuente IF, Sawant SS, Tolentino MQ, Corrigan PM, Rouge JL. Viral Mimicry as a Design Template for Nucleic Acid Nanocarriers. Front Chem 2021; 9:613209. [PMID: 33777893 PMCID: PMC7987652 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.613209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic nucleic acids hold immense potential in combating undruggable, gene-based diseases owing to their high programmability and relative ease of synthesis. While the delivery of this class of therapeutics has successfully entered the clinical setting, extrahepatic targeting, endosomal escape efficiency, and subcellular localization. On the other hand, viruses serve as natural carriers of nucleic acids and have acquired a plethora of structures and mechanisms that confer remarkable transfection efficiency. Thus, understanding the structure and mechanism of viruses can guide the design of synthetic nucleic acid vectors. This review revisits relevant structural and mechanistic features of viruses as design considerations for efficient nucleic acid delivery systems. This article explores how viral ligand display and a metastable structure are central to the molecular mechanisms of attachment, entry, and viral genome release. For comparison, accounted for are details on the design and intracellular fate of existing nucleic acid carriers and nanostructures that share similar and essential features to viruses. The review, thus, highlights unifying themes of viruses and nucleic acid delivery systems such as genome protection, target specificity, and controlled release. Sophisticated viral mechanisms that are yet to be exploited in oligonucleotide delivery are also identified as they could further the development of next-generation nonviral nucleic acid vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica L. Rouge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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26
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Nanomaterials for Protein Delivery in Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020155. [PMID: 33503889 PMCID: PMC7910976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology platforms, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles have been studied extensively for various drug deliveries, to treat or prevent diseases by modulating physiological or pathological processes. The delivery drug molecules range from traditional small molecules to recently developed biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Among them, proteins have shown a series of advantages and potential in various therapeutic applications, such as introducing therapeutic proteins due to genetic defects, or used as nanocarriers for anticancer agents to decelerate tumor growth or control metastasis. This review discusses the existing nanoparticle delivery systems, introducing design strategies, advantages of using each system, and possible limitations. Moreover, we will examine the intracellular delivery of different protein therapeutics, such as antibodies, antigens, and gene editing proteins into the host cells to achieve anticancer effects and cancer vaccines. Finally, we explore the current applications of protein delivery in anticancer treatments.
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27
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Mo F, Jiang K, Zhao D, Wang Y, Song J, Tan W. DNA hydrogel-based gene editing and drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:79-98. [PMID: 32712197 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a promising synthesizer for precisely constructing almost arbitrary geometry in two and three dimensions. Among various DNA-based soft materials, DNA hydrogels are comprised of hydrophilic polymeric networks of crosslinked DNA chains. For their properties of biocompatibility, porosity, sequence programmability and tunable multifunctionality, DNA hydrogels have been widely studied in bioanalysis and biomedicine. In this review, recent developments in DNA hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery systems are highlighted. First, physical and chemical crosslinking methods for constructing DNA hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, responses of DNA hydrogels to nonbiological and biological stimuli are described. Finally, DNA hydrogel-based delivery platforms for different types of drugs are detailed. With the emergence of gene therapy, this review also gives future prospects for combining DNA hydrogels with the gene editing toolbox.
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28
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Zhang S, Shen J, Li D, Cheng Y. Strategies in the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Theranostics 2021; 11:614-648. [PMID: 33391496 PMCID: PMC7738854 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has gained rapidly increasing attentions in recent years, however, the translation of this biotechnology into therapy has been hindered by efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 materials into target cells. Direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA) has emerged as a powerful and widespread method for genome editing due to its advantages of transient genome editing and reduced off-target effects. In this review, we summarized the current Cas9 RNP delivery systems including physical approaches and synthetic carriers. The mechanisms and beneficial roles of these strategies in intracellular Cas9 RNP delivery were reviewed. Examples in the development of stimuli-responsive and targeted carriers for RNP delivery are highlighted. Finally, the challenges of current Cas9 RNP delivery systems and perspectives in rational design of next generation materials for this promising field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangtao Shen
- The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou affiliated to Yangzhou University, Taizhou, 225500, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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29
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Holmes TR, Paller AS. Gene Regulation Using Spherical Nucleic Acids to Treat Skin Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E360. [PMID: 33147737 PMCID: PMC7693734 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures consisting of nucleic acids in a spherical configuration, often around a nanoparticle core. SNAs are advantageous as gene-regulating agents compared to conventional gene therapy owing to their low toxicity, enhanced stability, uptake by virtually any cell, and ability to penetrate the epidermal barrier. In this review we: (i) describe the production, structure and properties of SNAs; (ii) detail the mechanism of SNA uptake in keratinocytes, regulated by scavenger receptors; and (iii) report how SNAs have been topically applied and intralesionally injected for skin disorders. Specialized SNAs called nanoflares can be topically applied for gene-based diagnosis (scar vs. normal tissue). Topical SNAs directed against TNFα and interleukin-17A receptor reversed psoriasis-like disease in mouse models and have been tested in Phase 1 human trials. Furthermore, SNAs targeting ganglioside GM3 synthase accelerate wound healing in diabetic mouse models. Most recently, SNAs targeting toll-like receptor 9 are being used in Phase 2 human trials via intratumoral injection to induce immune responses in Merkel cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, SNAs are a valuable tool in bench-top and clinical research, and their advantageous properties, including penetration into the epidermis after topical delivery, provide new opportunities for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy S. Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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30
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Morya V, Walia S, Mandal BB, Ghoroi C, Bhatia D. Functional DNA Based Hydrogels: Development, Properties and Biological Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6021-6035. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Morya
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Shanka Walia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam India
| | - Chinmay Ghoroi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
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31
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Zhang H, Zhang H, Demirer GS, González-Grandío E, Fan C, Landry MP. Engineering DNA nanostructures for siRNA delivery in plants. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3064-3087. [PMID: 32807907 PMCID: PMC10493160 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted downregulation of select endogenous plant genes is known to confer disease or pest resistance in crops and is routinely accomplished via transgenic modification of plants for constitutive gene silencing. An attractive alternative to the use of transgenics or pesticides in agriculture is the use of a 'green' alternative known as RNAi, which involves the delivery of siRNAs that downregulate endogenous genes to confer resistance. However, siRNA is a molecule that is highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation and is difficult to deliver across the lignin-rich and multi-layered plant cell wall that poses the dominant physical barrier to biomolecule delivery in plants. We have demonstrated that DNA nanostructures can be utilized as a cargo carrier for direct siRNA delivery and gene silencing in mature plants. The size, shape, compactness and stiffness of the DNA nanostructure affect both internalization into plant cells and subsequent gene silencing efficiency. Herein, we provide a detailed protocol that can be readily adopted with standard biology benchtop equipment to generate geometrically optimized DNA nanostructures for transgene-free and force-independent siRNA delivery and gene silencing in mature plants. We further discuss how such DNA nanostructures can be rationally designed to efficiently enter plant cells and deliver cargoes to mature plants, and provide guidance for DNA nanostructure characterization, storage and use. The protocol described herein can be completed in 4 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Honglu Zhang
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gozde S Demirer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo González-Grandío
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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32
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Caso MF, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Migliore A, Aguilera A, Lopez CM, Venanzi M, Cavalieri F, Rinaldi A. Nanoporous Microsponge Particles (NMP) of Polysaccharides as Universal Carriers for Biomolecules Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1075. [PMID: 32486448 PMCID: PMC7353405 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different polysaccharides-namely dextran, carboxymethyl dextran, alginate, and hyaluronic acid-were compared for the synthesis of nanoporous microsponges particles (NMPs) obtained from a one-pot self-precipitation/cross-linking process. The morphologies and sizes of the NMPs were evaluated comparatively with respect to polymer-to-polymer and cross-linker solvents (water-based vs. DMSO). We found that the radial distribution of the polymer in the near-spherical NMPs was found to peak either at the core or in the corona of the particle, depending both on the specific polymer or the solvent used for the formation of NMPs. The NMP porosity and the swelling capability were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation study indicated that after 10 h incubation with a reducing agent, approximately 80% of the NMPs were disassembled into soluble polysaccharide chains. The adsorption and release capacity of each type of NMP were evaluated using fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin and lysozyme as model proteins, highlighting a release time typically much longer than the corresponding adsorption time. The dependence of the adsorption-release performance on pH was demonstrated as well. Confocal microscopy images allowed us to probe the different distribution of labeled proteins inside the NMP. The safety and non-cytotoxicity of NMPs were evaluated after incubation with fibroblast 3T3 cells and showed that all types of NMPs did not adversely affect the cell viability for concentrations up to 2.25 μg/mL and an exposure time up to 120 h. Confocal microscopy imaging revealed also the effective interaction between NMPs and fibroblast 3T3 cells. Overall, this study describes a rapid, versatile, and facile approach for preparing a universal non-toxic, nanoporous carrier for protein delivery under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
- Department Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.)
- Department Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alberto Migliore
- Rheumatology Department, San Pietro Hospital Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ana Aguilera
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.A.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Cruz Matilde Lopez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.A.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- NANOFABER srl, 00123 Rome, Italy;
- PROMAS-MATPRO Laboratory, Sustainability Department, ENEA, 00123, Rome, Italy
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33
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Bakardzhiev P, Toncheva-Moncheva N, Mladenova K, Petrova S, Videv P, Moskova-Doumanova V, Topouzova-Hristova T, Doumanov J, Rangelov S. Assembly of amphiphilic nucleic acid-polymer conjugates into complex superaggregates: Preparation, properties, and in vitro performance. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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34
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35
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Miller HL, Contera S, Wollman AJM, Hirst A, Dunn KE, Schröter S, O'Connell D, Leake MC. Biophysical characterisation of DNA origami nanostructures reveals inaccessibility to intercalation binding sites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:235605. [PMID: 32125281 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7a2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation of drug molecules into synthetic DNA nanostructures formed through self-assembled origami has been postulated as a valuable future method for targeted drug delivery. This is due to the excellent biocompatibility of synthetic DNA nanostructures, and high potential for flexible programmability including facile drug release into or near to target cells. Such favourable properties may enable high initial loading and efficient release for a predictable number of drug molecules per nanostructure carrier, important for efficient delivery of safe and effective drug doses to minimise non-specific release away from target cells. However, basic questions remain as to how intercalation-mediated loading depends on the DNA carrier structure. Here we use the interaction of dyes YOYO-1 and acridine orange with a tightly-packed 2D DNA origami tile as a simple model system to investigate intercalation-mediated loading. We employed multiple biophysical techniques including single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, gel electrophoresis and controllable damage using low temperature plasma on synthetic DNA origami samples. Our results indicate that not all potential DNA binding sites are accessible for dye intercalation, which has implications for future DNA nanostructures designed for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Miller
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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36
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Li F, Lyu D, Liu S, Guo W. DNA Hydrogels and Microgels for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1806538. [PMID: 31379017 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA hydrogels, which take advantage of the unique properties of functional DNA motifs, such as specific molecular recognition, programmable and high-precision assembly, multifunctionality, and excellent biocompatibility, have attracted increasing research interest in the past two decades in diverse fields, especially in biosensing and biomedical applications. The responsiveness of smart DNA hydrogels to external stimuli by changing their swelling volume, crosslinking density, and optical or mechanical properties has facilitated the development of DNA-hydrogel-based in vitro biosensing systems and actuators. Furthermore, reducing the sizes of DNA hydrogels to the micro- and nanoscale leads to better responsiveness and delivery capacity, thereby making them excellent candidates for rapid detection, in vivo real-time sensing, and drug release applications. Here, the recent progress in the development of smart DNA hydrogels and DNA microgels for biosensing and biomedical applications is summarized, and the current challenges as well as future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Danya Lyu
- College of Chemistry, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Chemistry, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- College of Chemistry, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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37
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Zhang W, Meckes B, Mirkin CA. Spherical Nucleic Acids with Tailored and Active Protein Coronae. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1983-1990. [PMID: 31893228 PMCID: PMC6936096 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanomaterials typically consisting of a nanoparticle core and a functional, dense, and highly oriented oligonucleotide shell with unusual biological properties that make them appealing for many applications, including sequence-specific gene silencing, mRNA quantification, and immunostimulation. When placed in biological fluids, SNAs readily interact with serum proteins, leading to the formation of ill-defined protein coronae on the surface, which can influence the targeting capabilities of the conjugate. In this work, SNAs were designed and synthesized with functional proteins, such as antibodies and serum albumin, deliberately adsorbed onto their surfaces. These particles exhibit increased resistance to protease degradation compared with native SNAs but still remain functional, as they can engage in hybridization with complementary oligonucleotides. SNAs with adsorbed targeting antibodies exhibit improved cellular selectivity within mixed cell populations. Similarly, SNAs coated with the dysopsonizing protein serum albumin show reduced macrophage uptake, providing a strategy for tailoring selective SNA delivery. Importantly, the protein coronae remain stable on the SNAs in human serum, exhibiting a less than 45% loss of protein through exchange after 12 h at 37 °C. Taken together, these results show that protein-SNA complexes and the method used to prepare them provide a new avenue for enhancing SNA stability, targeting, and biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Brian Meckes
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International
Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United
States
- E-mail:
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38
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Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1066-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Zheng M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zou Y, Ruan W, Yin J, Tao W, Park JB, Shi B. ROS-Responsive Polymeric siRNA Nanomedicine Stabilized by Triple Interactions for the Robust Glioblastoma Combinational RNAi Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903277. [PMID: 31348581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds inherent advantages and great potential for treating refractory diseases. However, lack of suitable siRNA delivery systems that demonstrate excellent circulation stability and effective at-site delivery ability is currently impeding siRNA therapeutic performance. Here, a polymeric siRNA nanomedicine (3I-NM@siRNA) stabilized by triple interactions (electrostatic, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic) is constructed. Incorporating extra hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions significantly improves the physiological stability compared to an siRNA nanomedicine analog that solely relies on the electrostatic interaction for stability. The developed 3I-NM@siRNA nanomedicine demonstrates effective at-site siRNA release resulting from tumoral reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered sequential destabilization. Furthermore, the utility of 3I-NM@siRNA for treating glioblastoma (GBM) by functionalizing 3I-NM@siRNA nanomedicine with angiopep-2 peptide is enhanced. The targeted Ang-3I-NM@siRNA exhibits superb blood-brain barrier penetration and potent tumor accumulation. Moreover, by cotargeting polo-like kinase 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, Ang-3I-NM@siRNA shows effective suppression of tumor growth and significantly improved survival time of nude mice bearing orthotopic GBM brain tumors. New siRNA nanomedicines featuring triple-interaction stabilization together with inbuilt self-destruct delivery ability provide a robust and potent platform for targeted GBM siRNA therapy, which may have utility for RNA interference therapy of other tumors or brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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40
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Towards Self-Transfecting Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Gene Regulation. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:983-994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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41
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Hu X, Ke G, Liu L, Fu X, Kong G, Xiong M, Chen M, Zhang XB. Valency-Controlled Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids with Tunable Biosensing Performances. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11374-11379. [PMID: 31402646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) play critical roles in many fields, such as molecular diagnostics, disease therapeutics, and materials application. Due to the important role of DNA density on the properties of SNAs, the controlled synthesis of monodisperse SNAs with precise DNA density is an important approach for the structure-function relationship study and finite functions regulation of SNAs. In particular, the construction of monodisperse SNAs in a valency-tunable and site-specific manner is highly important; however, it is still challenging. Herein, on the basis of the high controllability, nanometer precision, and addressable modification ability of framework nucleic acid (FNA), we develop the concept of valency-controlled framework nucleic acid core-based molecular spherical nucleic acids (FNA-mSNAs) with tunable biosensing performances. The FNA-mSNAs consist of a valency-tunable FNA-based DNA nanocube as the core and a controlled, precise number of DNA strands per core. By simply alternating the binding site number for shell DNA strands on the DNA nanocube, homogeneous FNA-mSNAs with different valencies were easily designed, which enabled the molecular level study of the effect of valency on their properties, such as nuclease stability and cellular uptake. Furthermore, taking advantage of the addressable modification ability of FNA, the first heterogeneous molecular SNAs with tunable valency were demonstrated. Importantly, the valency of heterogeneous FNA-mSNAs was able to tune their biosensing performance, such as response dynamics, detection sensitivity, and response range. With these remarkable features, FNA-mSNAs provide new research methods for the development of functional SNAs at the molecular level for a wide range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Gezhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Mengyi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , China
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Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Dana H, Gharagouzloo E, Grijalvo S, Eritja R, Logsdon CD, Memari F, Miri SR, Rad MR, Marmari V. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in cancer therapy: a nano-based approach. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3111-3128. [PMID: 31118626 PMCID: PMC6504672 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex diseases that has resulted in multiple genetic disorders and cellular abnormalities. Globally, cancer is the most common health concern disease that is affecting human beings. Great efforts have been made over the past decades in biology with the aim of searching novel and more efficient tools in therapy. Thus, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been considered one of the most noteworthy developments which are able to regulate gene expression following a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is a post-transcriptional mechanism that involves the inhibition of gene expression through promoting cleavage on a specific area of a target messenger RNA (mRNA). This technology has shown promising therapeutic results for a good number of diseases, especially in cancer. However, siRNA therapeutics have to face important drawbacks in therapy including stability and successful siRNA delivery in vivo. In this regard, the development of effective siRNA delivery systems has helped addressing these issues by opening novel therapeutic windows which have allowed to build up important advances in Nanomedicine. In this review, we discuss the progress of siRNA therapy as well as its medical application via nanoparticle-mediated delivery for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Dana
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Elahe Gharagouzloo
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona08034, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona08034, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fereidoon Memari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Marmari
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Zheng M, Jiang T, Yang W, Zou Y, Wu H, Liu X, Zhu F, Qian R, Ling D, McDonald K, Shi J, Shi B. The siRNAsome: A Cation-Free and Versatile Nanostructure for siRNA and Drug Co-delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4938-4942. [PMID: 30737876 PMCID: PMC6593984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles show great potential for drug delivery. However, suitable nanostructures capable of loading a range of drugs together with the co-delivery of siRNAs, which avoid the problem of cation-associated cytotoxicity, are lacking. Herein, we report an small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based vesicle (siRNAsome), which consists of a hydrophilic siRNA shell, a thermal- and intracellular-reduction-sensitive hydrophobic median layer, and an empty aqueous interior that meets this need. The siRNAsome can serve as a versatile nanostructure to load drug agents with divergent chemical properties, therapeutic proteins as well as co-delivering immobilized siRNAs without transfection agents. Importantly, the inherent thermal/reduction-responsiveness enables controlled drug loading and release. When siRNAsomes are loaded with the hydrophilic drug doxorubicin hydrochloride and anti-P-glycoprotein siRNA, synergistic therapeutic activity is achieved in multidrug resistant cancer cells and a tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Wen Yang
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Henan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhou450003China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug ResearchCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Kerrie McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research GroupPrince of Wales Clinical SchoolLowy Cancer Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Zheng M, Jiang T, Yang W, Zou Y, Wu H, Liu X, Zhu F, Qian R, Ling D, McDonald K, Shi J, Shi B. The siRNAsome: A Cation‐Free and Versatile Nanostructure for siRNA and Drug Co‐delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Wen Yang
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Fengping Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Rongjun Qian
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou 450003 China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug ResearchCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Kerrie McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research GroupPrince of Wales Clinical SchoolLowy Cancer Research CentreUniversity of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Xue H, Ding F, Zhang J, Guo Y, Gao X, Feng J, Zhu X, Zhang C. DNA tetrahedron-based nanogels for siRNA delivery and gene silencing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4222-4225. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA tetrahedra are employed as building blocks to construct a novel DNA-based nanogel for intracellular siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xihui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus
| | - Jing Feng
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- People's Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus
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Zheng M, Yang Z, Chen S, Wu H, Liu Y, Wright A, Lu JW, Xia X, Lee A, Zhang J, Yin H, Wang Y, Ruan W, Liang XJ. Bioreducible Zinc(II)–Dipicolylamine Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid Mediates Safe siRNA Delivery and Effective Glioblastoma RNAi Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:362-369. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shizhu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- The National Institutes of Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., China Resources Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xue Xia
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Huijun Yin
- The National Institutes of Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., China Resources Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Beijing, 102206, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yingze Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China
| | - Weimin Ruan
- Henan and Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Li N, Xiang MH, Liu JW, Tang H, Jiang JH. DNA Polymer Nanoparticles Programmed via Supersandwich Hybridization for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12951-12958. [PMID: 30303006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acid (SNA) constructs are promising new single entity materials, which possess significant advantages in biological applications. Current SNA-based drug delivery system typically employed single-layered ss- or ds-DNA as the drug carriers, resulting in limited drug payload capacity and disease treatment. To advance corresponding applications, we developed a novel DNA-programmed polymeric SNA, a long concatamer DNA polymer that is uniformly distributed on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), by self-assembling from two short alternating DNA building blocks upon initiation of immobilized capture probes on AuNPs, through a supersandwich hybridization reaction. The long DNA concatamer of polymeric SNA enables to allow high-capacity loading of bioimaging and therapeutics agents. We demonstrated that both of the fluorescence signals and therapeutic efficacy were effectively inhibited in resultant polymeric SNA. By further modifying with the nucleolin-targeting aptamer AS1411, this polymeric SNA could be specifically internalized into the tumor cells through nucleolin-mediated endocytosis and then interact with endogenous ATP to cause the release of therapeutics agents from long DNA concatamer via a structure switching, leading to the activation of the fluorescence and selective synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. This nanostructure can afford a promising targeted drug transport platform for activatable cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hao Xiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wen Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , People's Republic of China
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