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Maekawa K, Komine N, Kiyota S, Hirano M. Direct synthesis of conjugated tetraenes from 1,3-enynes with 1,3-dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2098-2114. [PMID: 38374804 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
New direct access to conjugated tetraenes has been achieved. A Ru(0)-catalysed reaction of 1,3-enynes with 1,3-dienes gives 1,3,5,7-octatetraene derivatives by formal regioselective insertion of the alkynyl group of 1,3-enynes into the terminal C-H bond in 1,3-dienes. With a silyl substituent on the alkynyl side in 1,3-enynes, the reaction regioselectively proceeds to give the linear cross-dimerisation product having the silyl group at the internal position. Stoichiometric and DFT calculations support the oxidative coupling mechanism for the linear cross-dimerisation. Methyl (2E,4E,6E,8E)-10-hydroxy-2,4,6,8-decatetraenoate, a versatile polyene intermediate, is accessed by this method as a formal synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Maekawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Komine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Sayori Kiyota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Rani Kumar N, Agrawal AR. Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200203. [PMID: 36599693 PMCID: PMC9812756 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine is a C3h -symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s-triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl-triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl-triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl-triazine chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dhemaji CollegeDhemaji787057, AssamIndia
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem91904Israel
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3
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Millán RE, Rodríguez J, Sarandeses LA, Gómez-Bengoa E, Sestelo JP. Indium(III)-Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Frameworks by Cascade Cycloisomerization Reactions of Aryl 1,5-Enynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9515-9529. [PMID: 34170696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The indium(III)-catalyzed cascade cycloisomerization reaction of 1,5-enynes with pendant aryl nucleophiles is reported. The reaction proceeds in cascade under mild reaction conditions, using InI3 (5 mol %) as a catalyst with a range of 1,5-enynes furnished with aryl groups (phenyl and phenol) at alkene (E and Z isomers) and with terminal and internal alkynes. Using 1-bromo-1,5-enynes, a one-pot sequential indium-catalyzed cycloisomerization and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with triorganoindium reagents were developed. The double cyclization is stereospecific and operates via a biomimetic cascade cation-olefin through 1,5-enyne cyclization (6-endo-dig) and subsequent C-C hydroarylation or C-O phenoxycyclization. Density functional theory (DFT) computational studies on 1,5-enynyl aryl ethers support a two-step mechanism where the first stereoselective 1,5-enyne cyclization produces a nonclassical carbocation intermediate that evolves to the tricyclic reaction product through a SEAr mechanism. Using this approach, a variety of tricyclic heterocycles such as benzo[b]chromenes, phenanthridines, xanthenes, and spiroheterocyclic compounds are efficiently synthesized with high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón E Millán
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis A Sarandeses
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 20009 Donostia-San, Sebastián
| | - José Pérez Sestelo
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Cook XAF, de Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2-Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross-Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11068-11091. [PMID: 32940402 PMCID: PMC8246887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Azine-containing biaryls are ubiquitous scaffolds in many areas of chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. Pyridine rings are prominent amongst these motifs. Transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been widely used for their synthesis and functionalisation as they often provide a swift and tuneable route to related biaryl scaffolds. However, 2-pyridine organometallics are capricious coupling partners and 2-pyridyl boron reagents in particular are notorious for their instability and poor reactivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The synthesis of pyridine-containing biaryls is therefore limited, and methods for the formation of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis-pyridines are scarce. This Review focuses on the methods developed for the challenging coupling of 2-pyridine nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl electrophiles, and ranges from traditional cross-coupling processes to alternative nucleophilic reagents and novel main group approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Antoine de Gombert
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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Mora KE, Musa MA, Robinson TJ, Mylod G, Bowyer WJ. Solvent Effects on Heterogeneous Rate Constants for Indium Mediated Allylations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2088-2094. [PMID: 33661629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indium mediated allylation is a highly selective tool for synthetic chemists to create carbon-carbon bonds, but the first step, heterogeneous reaction of allyl halides at solid indium surfaces, is still poorly understood. For example, the nature of the solvent dramatically affects the rate of reaction, but solvent choice is often based on empirical experiments. Fundamental kinetic studies are the best way to study this effect, but the determination of heterogeneous rate constants is challenging. In an effort to better understand solvent effects, we use optical microscopy to determine heterogeneous rate constants for IMA in aqueous acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. We fit the reaction rate data over a range of mass transport rates using only two adjustable parameters, the heterogeneous rate constant and the mass transport rate. The results emphasize the critical importance of water in determining the rate of reaction. Surprisingly, the polarity of the organic solvent in the mix does not have a major effect on the rate. It is hypothesized that the oxygen atom in water and alcohols is an especially effective Lewis base to stabilize the transition state and the organoindium intermediates, similar to the importance of the oxygen in ethers for the formation of Grignard reagents. This study again demonstrates the power of microscopy for the study of heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Mora
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Megan A Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Troy J Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Gabriella Mylod
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Walter J Bowyer
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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Cook XAF, Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2‐Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross‐Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Antoine Gombert
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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Advances in Cross-Coupling Reactions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25194500. [PMID: 33019540 PMCID: PMC7582370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Copper(II)-catalyzed preparation of alkylindium compounds and applications in cross-coupling reactions both in aqueous media. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zeckert K, Fuhrmann D. Bis(2-pyridyl) and Tris(2-pyridyl) Compounds of Gallium and Indium via a Redox-Transmetalation Route. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16736-16742. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Zeckert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Fuhrmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Han C, Zhang Z, Xu S, Wang K, Chen K, Zhao J. Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Coupling of Benzylic Ammonium Salts via C–N Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16308-16313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Silin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Kaiting Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P.R. China
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11
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Feng X, Wu Z, Wang Q, Chen B, Rao W, Yang J, Shen Z. Cesium carbonate‐catalyzed indium insertion into alkyl iodides and their synthetic utilities in cross‐coupling reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Xin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- School of PharmacyYancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- School of PharmacyYancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 China
| | - Qing‐Dong Wang
- School of PharmacyYancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 China
| | - Bing‐Zhi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass‐based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jin‐Ming Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- School of PharmacyYancheng Teachers University Yancheng 224007 China
| | - Zhi‐Liang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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Gil-Negrete JM, Pérez Sestelo J, Sarandeses LA. Transition-Metal-Free Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Triorganoindium Reagents with Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9778-9785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Gil-Negrete
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Pérez Sestelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis A. Sarandeses
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Pérez-Caaveiro C, Oliva MM, López Navarrete JT, Pérez Sestelo J, Martínez MM, Sarandeses LA. Synthesis of D–A–A and D–A–D Pyrimidine π-Systems Using Triorganoindium Reagents: Optical, Vibrational, and Electrochemical Studies. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8870-8885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pérez-Caaveiro
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Moreno Oliva
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - José Pérez Sestelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - M. Montserrat Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis A. Sarandeses
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain
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