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Dereven'kov IA, Maiorova LA, Koifman OI, Salnikov DS. High Reactivity of Supermolecular Nanoentities of a Vitamin B 12 Derivative in Langmuir-Schaefer Films Toward Gaseous Toxins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17240-17250. [PMID: 38050683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have described the first supermolecular nanoentities (SMEs) of a vitamin B12 derivative, viz., a monocyano form of heptabutyl cobyrinate ((CN-)BuCby), unique nanoparticles with strong noncovalent intermolecular interactions, and emerging optical and redox properties. In this work, the fast response of thin films based on the SMEs of the B12 derivative to gaseous toxins (viz., hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide) particularly dangerous for humans was demonstrated. The reaction between SMEs of (CN-)BuCby in Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films and HCN generates dicyano species and proceeds ca. 5-fold more rapidly than the process involving drop-coated films that contain (CN-)BuCby in molecular form. The highest sensitivity toward HCN was achieved by using thicker LS films. The reaction proceeds reversibly: upon exposure to air, the dicyano complex undergoes partial decyanation. The decyanated complex retains reactivity toward HCN for at least four subsequent cycles. The processes involving SMEs of (CN-)BuCby and NH3, SO2, and H2S are irreversible, and the sensitivity of the films toward these gases is lower in comparison with HCN. Presented data provides mechanistic information on the reactions involving solid vitamin B12 derivatives and gaseous toxins. In the case of NH3, deprotonation of the coordinated Co(III)-ion water molecule occurs, and the generated hydroxocyano species exhibit high air stability. After binding of SO2, a mixture of sulfito and dicyano species is produced, and the regenerated film contains aquacyano and diaqua or aquahydroxo species, which possess high reactivity toward gaseous toxins. Reaction with H2S produces a mixture of the Co(III)-dicyano form and Co(II)-species containing sulfide oxidation products, which are resistant to aerobic oxidation. Our findings can be used for the development of naked-eye, electronic optic, and chemiresistive sensors toward gaseous toxins with improved reactivity for prompt cyanide detection in air, blood, and plant samples and for analysis of exhaled gases for the diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Dereven'kov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Larissa A Maiorova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
- Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
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Maiorova LA, Kobayashi N, Salnikov DS, Kuzmin SM, Basova TV, Koifman OI, Parfenyuk VI, Bykov VA, Bobrov YA, Yang P. Supermolecular Nanoentities of Vitamin B 12 Derivative as a Link in the Evolution of the Parent Molecules During Self-Assembly at the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3246-3254. [PMID: 36802645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectures with promising properties have now been formed from many important biomolecules. However, the preparation of nanoparticles of vitamin B12 and its derivatives remains an ongoing research challenge. This paper describes the formation of supermolecular nanoentities (SMEs) of vitamin B12 derivatives, unique nanoparticles with strong noncovalent intermolecular interactions, emerging properties, and activity. These were created by a nanoarchitectonic approach using directed assembly of layers at the air-water interface as a link in the chain of evolution of the parent molecules under specially created conditions. Such layers can be represented as a nanocosm, where, at a critical density, the assemblies act as nanoreactors in which the transformation of the original material occurs. The discovered SMEs not only replicate the functioning of vitamin B12 assemblies with proteins in living organisms and act as vitamin B12-depended enzymes but also demonstrate important advantages over vitamin B12. They are more efficient in oxygen reduction/evolution reactions and in transformation into other forms. These SMEs, in performing advanced tasks, are an alternative to widely used materials based on noble metals for catalysis, medicine, and environment protection. Our findings open new perspectives both for the fabrication of novel SMEs of biomolecules and for a better understanding of the evolution of biomolecules in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Maiorova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
- Federal Research Center Computer Science and Control of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinto University, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
| | - Sergey M Kuzmin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Tamara V Basova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oscar I Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo 153000, Russia
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Parfenyuk
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Victor A Bykov
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments Moscow, Zelenograd 24482, Russia
| | - Yurii A Bobrov
- NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments Moscow, Zelenograd 24482, Russia
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119 Xi'an, China
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Cai Y, Yan X, Wang S, Zhu Z, Cen M, Ou C, Zhao Q, Yan Q, Wang J, Yao Y. Pillar[5]arene-Based 3D Hybrid Supramolecular Polymer for Green Catalysis in Water. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2883-2887. [PMID: 33570384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymers have attracted great interest because of their tunable morphologies and external stimuli responsiveness. However, most of the investigations of supramolecular polymers previously reported were focused on their formation and transformation, and investigations on their applications are rare. Herein, we designed and prepared hybrid polymeric materials by incorporating Pd nanoparticles into a supramolecular polymer, constructed from a pillar[5]arene dimer and a three-arm guest. The obtained hybrid polymer was fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, and X-ray diffraction technologies. Importantly, the hybrid supramolecular polymeric materials exhibited desirable catalytic activity for reductions of toxic nitroaromatics and C-C bond-forming Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Moupan Cen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Changjin Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
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Chen T, Wang C, Zhao L, Wang L, Qiu Y. Suspension polymerization of 2‐pyrrolidone in the presence of
CO
2
and organic promoters. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Engineering China National Light Industry Shanghai China
- ECUST—HI‐TECH Biobased Material Research Institute Ease China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Liming Zhao
- School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Engineering China National Light Industry Shanghai China
- ECUST—HI‐TECH Biobased Material Research Institute Ease China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Lejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Engineering China National Light Industry Shanghai China
- ECUST—HI‐TECH Biobased Material Research Institute Ease China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yongjun Qiu
- School of Biotechnology East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Engineering China National Light Industry Shanghai China
- ECUST—HI‐TECH Biobased Material Research Institute Ease China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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Chahal MK, Gobeze HB, Webre WA, Karr PA, Payne DT, Ariga K, D'Souza F, Hill JP. Electron and energy transfer in a porphyrin-oxoporphyrinogen-fullerene triad, ZnP-OxP-C 60. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14356-14363. [PMID: 32568321 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A multichromophoric triad, ZnP-OxP-C60 containing porphyrin (ZnTPP hereafter ZnP), oxoporphyrinogen (OxP) and fullerene (C60) has been synthesized to probe the intramolecular dynamics of its electron and energy transfer in relation to the presence of the closely linked electron deficient OxP-C60 'special pair', constructed as a mimic of the naturally occurring photosynthetic antenna-reaction center. The DFT optimized structure of the triad reveals the relative spatial remoteness of the ZnP entity with proximal OxP/C60 entities. Free-energetics of different energy and electron transfer events were estimated using spectral, computational and electrochemical studies, according to the Rehm-Weller approach. Femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies revealed energy transfer from 1ZnP* to OxP to yield ZnP-1OxP*-C60, and electron transfer to yield ZnP˙+-OxP-C60˙- and/or ZnP-OxP˙+-C60˙- charge seperated states. That is, the ZnP entity in the triad operates as both antenna and electron donor to generate relatively long-lived charge separated states thus mimicking the early photoevents of natural photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Habtom B Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Whitney A Webre
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, USA
| | - Daniel T Payne
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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Chahal MK, Liyanage A, Gobeze HB, Payne DT, Ariga K, Hill JP, D'Souza F. Supramolecular ultrafast energy and electron transfer in a directly linked BODIPY-oxoporphyrinogen dyad upon fluoride ion binding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3855-3858. [PMID: 32134092 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A directly linked BODIPY-oxoporphyrinogen dyad has been newly synthesized and occurrence of sequential photoinduced energy and electron transfer upon fluoride anion binding to oxoporphyrinogen has been demonstrated by spectral, electrochemical and femtosecond transient absorption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
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Chahal MK, Velychkivska N, Webre WA, Labuta J, Ishihara S, Ariga K, D’Souza F, Hill JP. Increasing the complexity of oxoporphyrinogen colorimetric sensing chromophores: N-alkylation and β-substitution. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxocyclohexadienylideneporphyrinogen, OxP, is a versatile, highly colored chromophore derived from meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin. It exhibits a wide range of chromogenic responses to solvents (solvatochromism), anions and acidic media (halochromism) making it potentially useful as an analytical reagent. The chromogenic responses of OxP can be modulated by varying its chemical structure, and this is reviewed here based on the introduction of substituents at central nitrogen atoms or pyrrolic [Formula: see text]-positions. OxP and its N-alkylated derivates Bn2OxP and Bn4OxP have been used to estimate acidity in non-polar solvents. Bn2OxP can also be used to determine enantiomeric excesses of chiral substances. N-alkylation has also been used to introduce higher functional groups such as porphyrins to prepare self-assembling systems. [Formula: see text]-Substitution has been used to introduce selectivity of anion interactions including towards basic anions (fluoride, cyanide) and polyoxoanions (nitrate, perchlorate, etc.). These aspects make OxP a highly adaptable tetrapyrrole molecule for sensing and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K. Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI–MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0044, Japan
| | - Nadiia Velychkivska
- Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Whitney A. Webre
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI–MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0044, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI–MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI–MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-0827, Japan
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, 305070 Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI–MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0044, Japan
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Ariga K, Nishikawa M, Mori T, Takeya J, Shrestha LK, Hill JP. Self-assembly as a key player for materials nanoarchitectonics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:51-95. [PMID: 30787960 PMCID: PMC6374972 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1553108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of science and technology of advanced materials using nanoscale units can be conducted by a novel concept involving combination of nanotechnology methodology with various research disciplines, especially supramolecular chemistry. The novel concept is called 'nanoarchitectonics' where self-assembly processes are crucial in many cases involving a wide range of component materials. This review of self-assembly processes re-examines recent progress in materials nanoarchitectonics. It is composed of three main sections: (1) the first short section describes typical examples of self-assembly research to outline the matters discussed in this review; (2) the second section summarizes self-assemblies at interfaces from general viewpoints; and (3) the final section is focused on self-assembly processes at interfaces. The examples presented demonstrate the strikingly wide range of possibilities and future potential of self-assembly processes and their important contribution to materials nanoarchitectonics. The research examples described in this review cover variously structured objects including molecular machines, molecular receptors, molecular pliers, molecular rotors, nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoflakes, nanocubes, nanodisks, nanoring, block copolymers, hyperbranched polymers, supramolecular polymers, supramolecular gels, liquid crystals, Langmuir monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers, thin films, layer-by-layer structures, breath figure motif structures, two-dimensional molecular patterns, fullerene crystals, metal-organic frameworks, coordination polymers, coordination capsules, porous carbon spheres, mesoporous materials, polynuclear catalysts, DNA origamis, transmembrane channels, peptide conjugates, and vesicles, as well as functional materials for sensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photovoltaics, charge transport, excitation energy transfer, light-harvesting, photocatalysts, field effect transistors, logic gates, organic semiconductors, thin-film-based devices, drug delivery, cell culture, supramolecular differentiation, molecular recognition, molecular tuning, and hand-operating (hand-operated) nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Taizo Mori
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, Japan
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Stefani D, Perrin M, Gutiérrez‐Cerón C, Aragonès AC, Labra‐Muñoz J, Carrasco RDC, Matsushita Y, Futera Z, Labuta J, Ngo TH, Ariga K, Díez‐Pérez I, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D, Hill JP. Mechanical Tuning of Through‐Molecule Conductance in a Conjugated Calix[4]pyrrole. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefani
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Perrin
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez‐Cerón
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Albert C. Aragonès
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Labra‐Muñoz
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo D. C. Carrasco
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facilities DivisionNational Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Zdenek Futera
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Jan Labuta
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Thien H. Ngo
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Ismael Díez‐Pérez
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural & Mathematical SciencesKing's College London, Brittania House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB United Kingdom
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of NanoscienceDelft University of Technology Lorentzweg 1 2628 CJ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Diana Dulić
- Physics DepartmentFaculty of Physical and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Chile, Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 Santiago Chile
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1–1, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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