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Szyszka K, Wiglusz RJ. Characterization of Sm 3+-activated carbonated calcium chlorapatite phosphors for theranostic applications: a comparative study of co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10951-10960. [PMID: 38526375 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Continuous efforts are ongoing to discover new luminescent materials with appropriate properties for applications in medicine, serving as theranostic agents for healing and bioimaging. In this paper, novel single-phase carbonated calcium chlorapatite (Ca10(PO4)5(CO3)Cl2, abbreviated as CaClAp-CO3) phosphors activated with varying concentrations of Sm3+ ions were successfully fabricated using both co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods to investigate the influence of the synthesis techniques on the physicochemical properties of these materials. The effects of doping concentration of Sm3+ ions and synthesis techniques on the structure, photoluminescence (PL), energy transfer, substitute sites, fluorescence lifetime and luminescence colour of phosphors were investigated. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm their crystal phase structure and purity. Vibrational features and the incorporation of carbonate ions were verified using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained materials emit reddish-orange light, primarily from the most intense 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition. The electric dipole to magnetic dipole transition ratio (ED/MD), CIE colour coordinates and colour purity were determined to provide additional insights into the spectroscopic attributes of the obtained phosphors. In addition, the concentration quenching was also observed, and its mechanism was proposed based on theoretical calculations showing the multipolar interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szyszka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rafal J Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44100 Gliwice, Poland
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2
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Charczuk N, Nowak N, Wiglusz RJ. Synthesis and Investigation of Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Phosphate-Vanadate Hydroxyapatite Co-Doped with Tb 3+ and Sr 2+ Ions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:457. [PMID: 36770418 PMCID: PMC9919158 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Searching for biocompatible materials with proper luminescent properties is of fundamental importance, as they can be applied in fluorescent labeling and regenerative medicine. In this study, we obtained new phosphate-vanadate hydroxyapatites (abbr. HVps) co-doped with Sr2+ and Tb3+ ions via the hydrothermal method. We focused on examining the effect of various annealing temperatures (500, 600 and 700 °C) on the spectroscopic properties and morphology of the obtained HVps. To characterize their morphology, XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy and ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) techniques were used. A further study of luminescent properties and cytocompatibility showed that the obtained HVps co-doped with Sr2+ and Tb3+ ions are highly biocompatible and able to enhance the proliferation process and can therefore be potentially used as fluorescent probes or in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Charczuk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicole Nowak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Animal Biostructure and Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, PL-50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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The Study of Nanosized Silicate-Substituted Hydroxyapatites Co-Doped with Sr 2+ and Zn 2+ Ions Related to Their Influence on Biological Activities. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6229-6246. [PMID: 36547086 PMCID: PMC9776463 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosized silicate-substituted hydroxyapatites, characterized by the general formula Ca9.8-x-nSrnZnx(PO4)6-y(SiO4)y(OH)2 (where: n = 0.2 [mol%]; x = 0.5-3.5 [mol%]; y = 4-5 [mol%]), co-doped with Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions, were synthesized with the help of a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. The structural properties were determined using XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The morphology, size and shape of biomaterials were detected using scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). The reference strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to assess bacterial survivability and the impact on biofilm formation in the presence of nanosilicate-substituted strontium-hydroxyapatites. Safety evaluation was also performed using the standard cytotoxicity test (MTT) and hemolysis assay. Moreover, the mutagenic potential of the materials was assessed (Ames test). The obtained results suggest the dose-dependent antibacterial activity of nanomaterials, especially observed for samples doped with 3.5 mol% Zn2+ ions. Moreover, the modification with five SiO4 groups enhanced the antibacterial effect; however, a rise in the toxicity was observed as well. No harmful activity was detected in the hemolysis assay as well as in the mutagenic assay (Ames test).
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4
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Das P, Pathak N, Modak P, Modak B. Multifunctional Ca 10(PO 4) 6F 2 as a host for radioactive waste immobilization: Am 3+/Eu 3+ ions distribution, phosphor characteristics and radiation induced changes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125025. [PMID: 33453665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Na+2Eu3+2:Ca6(PO4)6F2 is explored as a potential host for radioactive waste immobilization. Since Eu3+ ion is a surrogate of highly radioactive Am3+ ion, the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of Eu3+ ion helped to investigate the possible distribution of hazardous and radioactive Am3+ ion among the two lattice sites in the matrix. It was observed that Am3+ will prefer to occupy the Ca2-site lattice which has a direct linkage to F atom. From DFT calculation we have found that both Eu3+ and Am3+ ions are following similar trend of distribution into the Ca2-site compared to Ca1-site which has no F atom linkage. The radiation stability of the compound was also investigated by PL study after irradiating it with a 60Co gamma source with different doses starting from 2 kGy to as high as 1000 kGy. It was observed that radiation induced changes were more surrounding the Ca1-site than in Ca2-site.Considering all the experimental and theoretical observations it is concluded that from radioactive waste immobilization point of view it is more preferable to dope the Am3+ ion into the Ca2 site. The Eu3+ doped compound was also found to be red color emitting phosphor materials with color purity of 95.24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Das
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Nimai Pathak
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - Pampa Modak
- RSD, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Brindaban Modak
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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5
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Rewak-Soroczynska J, Sobierajska P, Targonska S, Piecuch A, Grosman L, Rachuna J, Wasik S, Arabski M, Ogorek R, Wiglusz RJ. New Approach to Antifungal Activity of Fluconazole Incorporated into the Porous 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan Structures Modified with Nanohydroxyapatite for Chronic-Wound Treatments-In Vitro Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3112. [PMID: 33803717 PMCID: PMC8003069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluconazole-loaded, 6-Anhydro-α-l-Galacto-β-d-Galactan hydrogels incorporated with nanohydroxyapatite were prepared and their physicochemical features (XRD, X-ray Diffraction; SEM-EDS, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy; ATR-FTIR, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), fluconazole release profiles and enzymatic degradation were determined. Antifungal activity of pure fluconazole was tested using Candida species (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabarata), Cryptococcus species (C. neoformans, C. gatti) and Rhodotorula species (R. mucilaginosa, R. rubra) reference strains and clinical isolates. Standard microdilution method was applied, and fluconazole concentrations of 2-250 µg/mL were tested. Moreover, biofilm production ability of tested isolates was tested on the polystyrene surface at 28 and 37 ± 0.5 °C and measured after crystal violet staining. Strains with the highest biofilm production ability were chosen for further analysis. Confocal microscopy photographs were taken after live/dead staining of fungal suspensions incubated with tested hydrogels (with and without fluconazole). Performed analyses confirmed that polymeric hydrogels are excellent drug carriers and, when fluconazole-loaded, they may be applied as the prevention of chronic wounds fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rewak-Soroczynska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Paulina Sobierajska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Sara Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (R.O.)
| | - Lukasz Grosman
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
| | - Jaroslaw Rachuna
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Slawomir Wasik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Michal Arabski
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (J.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Rafal Ogorek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.P.); (R.O.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.R.-S.); (P.S.); (S.T.); (L.G.)
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6
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Szyszka K, Targońska S, Lewińska A, Watras A, Wiglusz RJ. Quenching of the Eu 3+ Luminescence by Cu 2+ Ions in the Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Designed for Future Bio-Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:464. [PMID: 33670306 PMCID: PMC7918106 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyapatite nanopowders of the Eu3+-doped, Cu2+-doped, and Eu3+/Cu2+-co-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 were prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological properties of the products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy techniques (TEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average crystal size and the unit cell parameters were calculated by a Rietveld refinement tool. The absorption, emission excitation, emission, and luminescence decay time were recorded and studied in detail. The 5D0 → 7F2 transition is the most intense transition. The Eu3+ ions occupied two independent crystallographic sites in these materials exhibited in emission spectra: one Ca(1) site with C3 symmetry and one Ca(2) sites with Cs symmetry. The Eu3+ emission is strongly quenched by Cu2+ ions, and the luminescence decay time is much shorter in the case of Eu3+/Cu2+ co-doped materials than in Eu3+-doped materials. The luminescence quenching mechanism as well as the schematic energy level diagram showing the Eu3+ emission quenching mechanism using Cu2+ ions are proposed. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique revealed the existence of at least two different coordination environments for copper(II) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szyszka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Sara Targońska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Watras
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.T.); (A.W.)
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11 St., 55–124 Malin, Poland
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7
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Duragkar A, Dhoble N, Kadam AR, Dhoble S. Enhanced photoluminescence in RE (Eu
3+
, Ce
3+
and Sm
3+
)‐activated Ca
10
(PO
4
)F
2
phosphors by double or triple ionized mineral doping: a comparative study. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:606-620. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arati Duragkar
- Department of Chemistry Sevadal Mahila Mahavidyalaya Nagpur India
| | - N.S. Dhoble
- Department of Chemistry Sevadal Mahila Mahavidyalaya Nagpur India
| | | | - S.J. Dhoble
- Department of Physics R.T.M. Nagpur University Nagpur India
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8
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Structural modification of nanohydroxyapatite Ca 10(PO 4) 6(OH) 2 related to Eu 3+ and Sr 2+ ions doping and its spectroscopic and antimicrobial properties. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110884. [PMID: 31683129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Eu3+ and Sr2+ ions co-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) were synthesized via a precipitation method and post heat-treated at 500 °C. The concentration of Eu3+ ions was established in the range of 0.5-5 mol% to investigate the site occupancy preference. The concentration of Sr2+ ions was set at 5 mol%. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained materials were studied by an X-ray powder diffraction, a transmission electron microscopy techniques and infrared spectroscopy. As synthesized nanoparticles were in the range of 11-17 nm and annealed particles were in the range of 20-26 nm. The luminescence properties in dependence of the dopant concentration and applied temperature were investigated. The 5D0 → 7F0 transition shown the abnormally strong intensity for annealed materials connected with the increase of covalency character of Eu3+-O2- bond, which arise as an effect of charge compensation mechanism. The Eu3+ ions occupied three possible crystallographic sites in these materials revealed in emission spectra: one Ca(1) site with C3 symmetry and two Ca(2) sites with Cs symmetry arranged as cis and trans symmetry. The antibacterial properties of Eu3+ and Sr2+ ions doped and co-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders were also determined against Gram-negative pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Obtained results suggest that both europium and strontium ions may implement antibacterial properties for hydroxyapatites. In the most cases, better antibacterial effect we noticed for dopants at 5 mol% ratio. However, the effect is strongly species- and strain-dependent feature.
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9
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The Comprehensive Approach to Preparation and Investigation of the Eu 3+ Doped Hydroxyapatite/poly(L-lactide) Nanocomposites: Promising Materials for Theranostics Application. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081146. [PMID: 31405106 PMCID: PMC6724068 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to the need for new materials for theranostics application, the structural and spectroscopic properties of composites designed for medical applications, received in the melt mixing process, were evaluated. A composite based on medical grade poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) doped with Eu3+ ions was obtained by using a twin screw extruder. Pure calcium Hap, as well as the one doped with Eu3+ ions, was prepared using the precipitation method and then used as a filler. XRPD (X-ray Powder Diffraction) and IR (Infrared) spectroscopy were applied to investigate the structural properties of the obtained materials. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) was used to assess the Eu3+ ion content on phase transitions in PLLA. The tensile properties were also investigated. The excitation, emission spectra as well as decay time were measured to determine the spectroscopic properties. The simplified Judd–Ofelt (J-O) theory was applied and a detailed analysis in connection with the observed structural and spectroscopic measurements was made and described.
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10
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Das P, Pathak N, Mukherjee S, Shafeeq M, Dash S, Kadam RM. Investigating Cationic Distribution, Defect Structure and Phosphor Characteristics of Na
2
Sm
2
Ca
6
(PO
4
)
6
F
2. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Das
- Fuel Chemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai
| | - Nimai Pathak
- Radiochemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai
| | | | - Muhammed Shafeeq
- Fuel Chemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai
| | - Smruti Dash
- Fuel Chemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai
| | - Ramakant M. Kadam
- Radiochemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai
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11
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Targonska S, Szyszka K, Rewak-Soroczynska J, Wiglusz RJ. A new approach to spectroscopic and structural studies of the nano-sized silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite doped with Eu 3+ ions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8303-8316. [PMID: 31107470 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline silicate-substituted hydroxyapatites Ca10-xEux(PO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 (where x = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 mol%) doped with Eu3+ ions were synthesized using a microwave assisted hydrothermal method and heat-treated in the temperature range from 700 to 1000 °C. The concentration of optically active Eu3+ ions was established in the range of 0.5-5 mol% to investigate the preference of occupancy sites. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained biomaterials were determined by using XRD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) techniques as well as infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The average particle sizes were calculated to be in the range from 20 nm to 80 nm by the Rietveld method. The charge compensation mechanism in europium(iii)-doped silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite was proposed in the Kröger-Vink-notation. The luminescence properties (the emission, excitation spectra and emission kinetics) of the Eu3+ ion-doped apatite were recorded depending on the dopant concentration. The existence of Eu2+ ions was confirmed by the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Targonska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.
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12
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Li X, Wang Z, Liu J, Meng X, Qiu K, Bao Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li P. Mechanism of Crystal Structure Transformation and Abnormal Reduction in Ca5–y(BO3)3–x(PO4)xF (CBPxF):yBi3+. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:13783-13799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Keliang Qiu
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qi Bao
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuebin Li
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Panlai Li
- College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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