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Pinillos P, Camiruaga A, Torres-Hernández F, Basterrechea FJ, Usabiaga I, Fernández JA. Exploring the interaction sites in glucose and galactose using phenol as a probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7205-7212. [PMID: 36846922 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp06036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugars, together with amino acids and nucleobases, are the fundamental building blocks of a cell. They are involved in many fundamental processes and they especially play relevant roles as part of the immune system. The latter is connected to their ability to establish a collection of intermolecular interactions, depending on the position of their hydroxyl groups. Here we explore how the position of the OH in C4, the anomeric conformation and the nature substituent affect the interaction with phenol, which serves as a probe of the preferred site for the interaction. Using mass-resolved excitation spectroscopy and density functional calculations, we unravel the structure of the dimers and compare their conformation with those found for similar systems. The main conclusion is that the hydroxymethyl group has a very strong influence, guiding the whole aggregation process and that the position of the substituent in C4 has a stronger influence on the final structure of the dimer than the anomeric conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paúl Pinillos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Ander Camiruaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Fernando Torres-Hernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Basterrechea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - Imanol Usabiaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fac. of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Spain.
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A Competition between Relative Stability and Binding Energy in Caffeine Phenyl-Glucose Aggregates: Implications in Biological Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054390. [PMID: 36901823 PMCID: PMC10002916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions are pivotal in biological mechanisms, although their proper characterisation within a molecular complex remains a difficult task. We used quantum mechanical calculations to characterise the complex between caffeine and phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, in which several functional groups of the sugar derivative compete with each other to attract caffeine. Calculations at different levels of theory (M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP-ED=GD3BJ/def2TZVP) agree to predict several structures similar in stability (relative energy) but with different affinity (binding energy). These computational results were experimentally verified by laser infrared spectroscopy, through which the caffeine·phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside complex was identified in an isolated environment, produced under supersonic expansion conditions. The experimental observations correlate with the computational results. Caffeine shows intermolecular interaction preferences that combine both hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions. This dual behaviour had already been observed with phenol, and now with phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, it is confirmed and maximised. In fact, the size of the complex's counterparts affects the maximisation of the intermolecular bond strength because of the conformational adaptability given by the stacking interaction. Comparison with the binding of caffeine within the orthosteric site of the A2A adenosine receptor shows that the more strongly bound caffeine·phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside conformer mimics the interactions occurring within the receptor.
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Camiruaga A, Usabiaga I, Pinillos P, Basterretxea FJ, Fernández JA, Martínez R. Aggregation of nucleobases and metabolites: Adenine-theobromine trimers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064304. [PMID: 36792500 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of cytosine, guanine, thymine, and adenine as components of the information biopolymers was a complex process influenced by several factors. Among them, the intermolecular interactions may have played a determinant role. Thus, a deep understanding of the intermolecular interactions between nucleobases and other prebiotic molecules may help understand the first instants of chemical evolution. Following this hypothesis, we present here a combined spectroscopic and computational study of theobromine2-adenine and thebromine-adenine2 trimers. While adenine is a nucleobase, theobromine was probably part of the prebiotic chemistry. The trimers were formed in jets and probed by a combination of UV and IR spectroscopic techniques. The spectra were interpreted in light of the predictions obtained using density-functional methods. The results suggest the existence of a subtle balance between formation of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. Thus, while theobromine2-adenine tends to form complex in stacked structures, theobromine-adenine2 prefers formation of planar structures, maximizing the interaction by hydrogen bonds. The small energy difference between planar and stacked structures highlights the importance of accurately modeling the dispersion forces in the functionals to produce reliable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Camiruaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Imanol Usabiaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Paul Pinillos
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Francisco J Basterretxea
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), B Sarriena S/N, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Martínez
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Univ. of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Daher W, Leclercq LD, Johansen MD, Hamela C, Karam J, Trivelli X, Nigou J, Guérardel Y, Kremer L. Glycopeptidolipid glycosylation controls surface properties and pathogenicity in Mycobacterium abscessus. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:910-924.e7. [PMID: 35358417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging and difficult-to-manage mycobacterial species that exhibits smooth (S) or rough (R) morphotypes. Disruption of glycopeptidolipid (GPL) production results in transition from S to R and severe lung disease. A structure-activity relationship study was undertaken to decipher the role of GPL glycosylation in morphotype transition and pathogenesis. Deletion of gtf3 uncovered the prominent role of the extra rhamnose in enhancing mannose receptor-mediated internalization of M. abscessus by macrophages. In contrast, the absence of the 6-deoxy-talose and the first rhamnose in mutants lacking gtf1 and gtf2, respectively, affected M abscessus phagocytosis but also resulted in the S-to-R transition. Strikingly, gtf1 and gtf2 mutants displayed a strong propensity to form cords and abscesses in zebrafish, leading to robust and lethal infection. Together, these results underscore the importance and differential contribution of GPL monosaccharides in promoting virulence and infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Daher
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Louis-David Leclercq
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Matt D Johansen
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Hamela
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Jona Karam
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Laurent Kremer
- CNRS UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France; INSERM, IRIM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
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Camiruaga A, Usabiaga I, Calabrese C, Lamas I, Basterretxea FJ, Fernández JA. Exploring the Influence of Intermolecular Interactions in Prebiotic Chemistry Using Laser Spectroscopy and Calculations. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103636. [PMID: 34854511 PMCID: PMC9299682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating questions in chemistry is why nature chose CGAT as the alphabet of life. Very likely, such selection was the result of multiple factors and a long period of refinement. Here, we explore how the intermolecular interactions influenced such process, by characterizing the formation of dimers between adenine, theobromine and 4-aminopyrimidine. Using a combination of mass-resolved excitation spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we determined the structure of adenine-theobromine and 4-aminopyrimidine-theobromine dimers. The binding energy of these dimers is very close to the canonical adenine-thymine nucleobases. Likewise, the dimers are able to adopt Watson-Crick conformations. These findings seem to indicate that there were many options available to build the first versions of the informational polymers, which also had to compete with other molecules, such as 4-aminopyrimidine, which does not have a valid attaching point for a saccharide. For some reason, nature did not select the most strongly-bonded partners or if it did, such proto-bases were later replaced by the nowadays canonical CGAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Camiruaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Imanol Usabiaga
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Camilla Calabrese
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain.,Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU-CSIC), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Iker Lamas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Francisco J Basterretxea
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, S/N, Leioa, 48940, Spain
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Usabiaga I, Camiruaga A, Calabrese C, Veloso A, D'mello VC, Wategaonkar S, Fernández JA. Exploration of the theobromine-water dimer: comparison with DNA microhydration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15759-15768. [PMID: 32627788 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of the appearance of life on Earth is an exciting research field. Many factors may have influenced the election of the molecules used by living beings and evolution may have modified those original compounds. In an attempt to understand the role played by intermolecular interactions in the election of CGAT as the alphabet of life, we present here a thorough experimental and computational study on the interaction of theobromine with water. Theobromine is a xanthine derivative, structurally related to the nucleobases, and also present in many living beings. The experimental results demonstrate that the most stable isomer of theobromine-water was formed and detected in supersonic expansions. This isomer very well resembles the structure of the dimers between nucleobases and water, offering similar values of binding energy. A comparison between the results obtained for theobromine-water with those reported in the literature for monohydrates of nucleobases is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Usabiaga
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Usabiaga I, Camiruaga A, Calabrese C, Maris A, Fernández JA. Exploring Caffeine–Phenol Interactions by the Inseparable Duet of Experimental and Theoretical Data. Chemistry 2019; 25:14230-14236. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Usabiaga
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena, S/N 48940 Leioa Spain
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ander Camiruaga
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena, S/N 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Camilla Calabrese
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena, S/N 48940 Leioa Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC)University of the Basque Country Leioa E-48080 Spain
| | - Assimo Maris
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - José A. Fernández
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena, S/N 48940 Leioa Spain
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