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Sulkanen AR, Wang M, Swartz LA, Sung J, Sun G, Moore JS, Sottos NR, Liu GY. Production of Organizational Chiral Structures by Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:824-831. [PMID: 35005904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organizational chirality on surfaces has been of interest in chemistry and materials science due to its scientific importance as well as its potential applications. Current methods for producing organizational chiral structures on surfaces are primarily based upon the self-assembly of molecules. While powerful, the chiral structures are restricted to those dictated by surface reaction thermodynamics. This work introduces a method to create organizational chirality by design with nanometer precision. Using atomic force microscopy-based nanolithography, in conjunction with chosen surface chemistry, various chiral structures are produced with nanometer precision, from simple spirals and arrays of nanofeatures to complex and hierarchical chiral structures. The size, geometry, and organizational chirality is achieved in deterministic fashion, with high fidelity to the designs. The concept and methodology reported here provide researchers a new and generic means to carry out organizational chiral chemistry, with the intrinsic advantages of chiral structures by design. The results open new and promising applications including enantioselective catalysis, separation, and crystallization, as well as optical devices requiring specific polarized radiation and fabrication and recognition of chiral nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Sulkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Minyuan Wang
- Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Logan A Swartz
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jaeuk Sung
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Lin C, Darling GR, Forster M, McBride F, Massey A, Hodgson A. Hydration of a 2D Supramolecular Assembly: Bitartrate on Cu(110). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13814-13822. [PMID: 32692550 PMCID: PMC7458425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hydration
layers play a key role in many technical and biological
systems, but our understanding of these structures remains very limited.
Here, we investigate the molecular processes driving hydration of
a chiral metal–organic surface, bitartrate on Cu(110), which
consists of hydrogen-bonded bitartrate rows separated by exposed Cu.
Initially water decorates the metal channels, hydrogen bonding to
the exposed O ligands that bind bitartrate to Cu, but does not wet
the bitartrate rows. At higher temperature, water inserts into the
structure, breaks the existing intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and
changes the adsorption site and footprint. Calculations show this
process is driven by the creation of stable adsorption sites between
the carboxylate ligands, to allow hydration of O–Cu ligands
within the interior of the structure. This work suggests that hydration
of polar metal–adsorbate ligands will be a dominant factor
in many systems during surface hydration or self-assembly from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Lin
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - George R Darling
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Forster
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona McBride
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Massey
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hodgson
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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3
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Rieger A, Sax C, Bauert T, Wäckerlin C, Ernst KH. Chiral molecules adsorbed on a solid surface: Tartaric acid diastereomers and their surface explosion on Cu(111). Chirality 2018; 30:369-377. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rieger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Cédric Sax
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bauert
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
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Samperi M, Hirsch BE, Diaz Fernandez YA. Exploring the science of thinking independently together: Faraday Discussion Volume 204 - Complex Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces, Sheffield, UK, July 2017. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12601-12607. [PMID: 29139496 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc90389h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 2017 Faraday Discussion on Complex Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces brought together theoreticians and experimentalists from both physical and chemical backgrounds to discuss the relevant applied and fundamental research topics within the broader field of chemical surface analysis and characterization. Main discussion topics from the meeting included the importance of "disordered" two-dimensional (2D) molecular structures and the utility of kinetically trapped states. An emerging need for new experimental tools to address dynamics and kinetic pathways involved in self-assembled systems, as well as the future prospects and current limitations of in silico studies were also discussed. The following article provides a brief overview of the work presented and the challenges discussed during the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samperi
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, NG7 2TU, UK.
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Abstract
In the present review we survey the main advances made in recent years on the understanding of chemical chirality at solid surfaces. Chirality is an important topic, made particularly relevant by the homochiral nature of the biochemistry of life on Earth, and many chiral chemical reactions involve solid surfaces. Here we start our discussion with a description of surface chirality and of the different ways that chirality can be bestowed on solid surfaces. We then expand on the studies carried out to date to understand the adsorption of chiral compounds at a molecular level. We summarize the work published on the adsorption of pure enantiomers, of enantiomeric mixtures, and of prochiral molecules on chiral and achiral model surfaces, especially on well-defined metal single crystals but also on other flat substrates such as highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Several phenomena are identified, including surface reconstruction and chiral imprinting upon adsorption of chiral agents, and the enhancement or suppression of enantioselectivity seen in some cases upon adsorption of enantiomixtures of chiral compounds. The possibility of enhancing the enantiopurity of adsorbed layers upon the addition of chiral seeds and the so-called "sergeants and soldiers" phenomenon are presented. Examples are provided where the chiral behavior has been associated with either thermodynamic or kinetic driving forces. Two main approaches to the creation of enantioselective surface sites are discussed, namely, via the formation of supramolecular chiral ensembles made out of small chiral adsorbates, and by adsorption of more complex chiral molecules capable of providing suitable chiral environments for reactants by themselves, via the formation of individual adsorbate:modifier adducts on the surface. Finally, a discussion is offered on the additional effects generated by the presence of the liquid phase often required in practical applications such as enantioselective crystallization, chiral chromatography, and enantioselective catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Abstract
Molecules provide versatile building blocks, with a vast palette of functionalities and an ability to assemble via supramolecular and covalent bonding to generate remarkably diverse macromolecular systems. This is abundantly displayed by natural systems that have evolved on Earth, which exploit both supramolecular and covalent protocols to create the machinery of life. Importantly, these molecular assemblies deliver functions that are reproducible, adaptable, finessed and responsive. There is now a real need to translate complex molecular systems to surfaces and interfaces in order to engineer 21st century nanotechnology. ‘Top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches, and utilisation of supramolecular and covalent assembly, are currently being used to create a range of molecular architectures and functionalities at surfaces. In parallel, advanced tools developed for interrogating surfaces and interfaces have been deployed to capture the complexities of molecular behaviour at interfaces from the nanoscale to the macroscale, while advances in theoretical modelling are delivering insights into the balance of interactions that determine system behaviour. A few examples are provided here that outline molecular behaviour at surfaces, and the level of complexity that is inherent in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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