1
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Zhang Z, Fang Y, Chen Q, Duan P, Wu X, Zhang L, Wu W, Liu J. Molecular dynamics simulation of the impact of the surface topology of carbon black on the mechanical properties of elastomer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5602-5612. [PMID: 36727525 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black has always played a pivotal role in reinforcing elastomers because it remarkably improves the mechanical properties. The reinforcing effect of carbon black is influenced by its grades, which mainly depend on the difference in the structure of the carbon black particles. Despite many traditional experiments on the performance of carbon black composites, there has been less emphasis on reinforcement mechanisms due to the challenges associated with unraveling the intermolecular interactions. In this paper, a coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation was employed to examine the relationship between the morphology of the carbon black particles and the mechanical properties of the elastomer nanocomposites. Specifically, three different morphological carbon black nanoparticle models, including the smooth particle model, rough particle model, and the rough ellipsoid model, were constructed first. We then focused on investigating the changes of the mechanical properties by systematically varying the filling fraction of the carbon black particles, and the strength of the interfacial interaction between the filler and the rubber. The results indicated that the surface roughness and the filler's shape had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the filled rubber models. The mechanical enhancement effect of the rough ellipsoidal carbon black is around 50-400% higher than that of the smooth carbon black, and the stronger the interfacial interactions, the more pronounced the enhancement. In addition, the rough ellipsoid filled system has low hysteresis, low permanent deformation, and high fatigue resistance. In general, this work explores the strengthening mechanism of carbon black on the elastomer at the molecular level and generates new insight into the design and fabrication of novel reinforcing fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qionghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Pengwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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2
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Li X, Liu J, Zheng Z. Recent progress of elastomer–silica nanocomposites toward green tires:simulation and experiment. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zi‐Jian Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
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3
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Chen Q, Huang W, Duan P, Yue T, Zhang L, Wu X, Liu J. Manipulating the mechanical properties of cis-polyisoprene nanocomposites via molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Tauber J, van der Gucht J, Dussi S. Stretchy and disordered: Toward understanding fracture in soft network materials via mesoscopic computer simulations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:160901. [PMID: 35490006 DOI: 10.1063/5.0081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft network materials exist in numerous forms ranging from polymer networks, such as elastomers, to fiber networks, such as collagen. In addition, in colloidal gels, an underlying network structure can be identified, and several metamaterials and textiles can be considered network materials as well. Many of these materials share a highly disordered microstructure and can undergo large deformations before damage becomes visible at the macroscopic level. Despite their widespread presence, we still lack a clear picture of how the network structure controls the fracture processes of these soft materials. In this Perspective, we will focus on progress and open questions concerning fracture at the mesoscopic scale, in which the network architecture is clearly resolved, but neither the material-specific atomistic features nor the macroscopic sample geometries are considered. We will describe concepts regarding the network elastic response that have been established in recent years and turn out to be pre-requisites to understand the fracture response. We will mostly consider simulation studies, where the influence of specific network features on the material mechanics can be cleanly assessed. Rather than focusing on specific systems, we will discuss future challenges that should be addressed to gain new fundamental insights that would be relevant across several examples of soft network materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tauber
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van der Gucht
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Dussi
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Kasprzak C, Brown JR, Feller K, Scott PJ, Meenakshisundaram V, Williams C, Long T. Vat Photopolymerization of Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Elastomers: A Degradable Scaffold Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18965-18973. [PMID: 35421307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VP) is a high-throughput additive manufacturing modality that also offers exceptional feature resolution and surface finish; however, the process is constrained by a limited selection of processable photocurable resins. Low resin viscosity (<10 Pa·s) is one of the most stringent process-induced constraints on resin processability, which in turn limits the mechanical performance of printed resin systems. Recently, the authors created a VP-processable photosensitive latex resin, where compartmentalization of the high molecular weight polymer chains into discrete particles resulted in the decoupling of viscosity from molecular weight. However, the monomers used to form the hydrogel green body resulted in decreased ultimate material properties due to the high cross-link density. Herein, we report a novel scaffold that allows for facile UV-based AM and simultaneously enhances the final part's material properties. This is achieved with a chemically labile acetal-containing cross-linker in conjunction with N-vinylpyrrolidone, which forms a glassy polymer after photocuring. Subsequent reactive extraction cleaves the cross-links and liberates the glassy polymer, which provides mechanical reinforcement of the geometrically complex VP-printed elastomer. With only a 0.1 wt % loading of photoinitiator, G'/G'' crossover times of less than 1 s and green body plateau moduli nearing 105 Pa are obtained. In addition, removal of the hydrophilic and thermally labile scaffold results in decreased water uptake and increased thermal stability of the final printed part. Ultimate strain and stress values of over 650% and 8.5 MPa, respectively, are achieved, setting a new benchmark for styrene-butadiene VP elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kasprzak
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James R Brown
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Keyton Feller
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Philip J Scott
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Viswanath Meenakshisundaram
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chris Williams
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Timothy Long
- School of Molecular Sciences, Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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6
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Hou G, Li S, Liu J, Weng Y, Zhang L. Designing high performance polymer nanocomposites by incorporating robustness-controlled polymeric nanoparticles: insights from molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2813-2825. [PMID: 35043809 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Introducing polymeric nanoparticles into polymer matrices is an interesting topic, and the robustness of the polymeric nanoparticles is crucial for the properties of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this study, by incorporating star-shaped polymeric nanoparticles (SSPNs) into the polymer, the effect of the sphericity (η) and arm length (L) of the SSPNs on the mechanical properties of PNCs is systematically investigated, using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. In addition, the linear and spherical nanoparticles (NPs) are compared with SSPNs by fixing the approximate diameter and mass fraction of the NPs. The radial distribution function, the second virial coefficient, mean-squared displacement, bond autocorrelation function, and primitive path analysis are employed to systematically characterize the structure and dynamics of these new PNCs. It is found that the dispersion of the NPs is enhanced with the increase of η, and the entanglement density reaches maximum, which both contribute to the greatest mechanical reinforcing effect. More significantly, it is found that the classical Payne effect, namely the storage as a function of the strain amplitude, decreases remarkably, and with a much smaller loss factor for these SSPN filled polymer nanocomposites, compared to conventional PNCs filled with rigid NPs. Furthermore, the change of the arm length of the SSPNs is found to exhibit the same effect on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties, as the variation of the number of the arms. In general, this work shows that these new SSPN filled polymer nanocomposites can exceed conventional PNCs, by manipulating the robustness of the SSPNs using, for example, the number and length of the arms. This research may provide guidelines for the investigation of the structure-property relationships of the topological structure of polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Hou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen Z, Li D, Wan H, Liu M, Liu J. Unsupervised machine learning methods for polymer nanocomposites data via molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1851028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhudan Chen
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dazi Li
- Institute of Automation, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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David A, Pasquini M, Tartaglino U, Raos G. A Coarse-Grained Force Field for Silica-Polybutadiene Interfaces and Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071484. [PMID: 32630822 PMCID: PMC7407278 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a coarse-grained force field for modelling silica–polybutadiene interfaces and nanocomposites. The polymer, poly(cis-1,4-butadiene), is treated with a previously published united-atom model. Silica is treated as a rigid body, using one Si-centered superatom for each SiO2 unit. The parameters for the cross-interaction between silica and the polymer are derived by Boltzmann inversion of the density oscillations at model interfaces, obtained from atomistic simulations of silica surfaces containing both Q4 (hydrophobic) and Q3 (silanol-containing, hydrophilic) silicon atoms. The performance of the model is tested in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We expect the present model to be useful for future large-scale simulations of rubber–silica nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio David
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marta Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Guido Raos
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (A.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Gao N, Hou G, Liu J, Shen J, Gao Y, Lyulin AV, Zhang L. Tailoring the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites via interfacial engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18714-18726. [PMID: 31424061 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has been studied for many years, with the main focus on the structure of the nanofillers. Much less effort has been devoted to unraveling the factors controlling the structure of the grafted chains. Herein, through coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations, we have successfully fabricated an ideal, mechanically-interlocked composite structure composed of end-functionalized chains grafted to the nanoparticle surface forming rings and making the matrix chains thread through these rings. Depending on the details of the grafting, the reinforcement effect can be remarkable, improving the tensile stress of the system significantly up to 700%. Meanwhile, anisotropy of the system's mechanical response is also observed. Furthermore, the influence of the grafted chain distribution on the mechanical properties of the system has been investigated as well. We observe that the mechanical properties of the system are closely related to the total number of the beads in the grafted chains or the synergistic effect between the length and density of the grafted chains leads to no significant difference in the performance of systems. At constant grafting density, the mechanical properties of the systems correlate negatively to the grafted chain length. In general, our study should help to design and fabricate high-performance PNCs with excellent mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naishen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China
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10
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Athir N, Shi L, Shah SAA, Zhang Z, Cheng J, Liu J, Zhang J. Molecular dynamics simulation of thermo-mechanical behaviour of elastomer cross-linked via multifunctional zwitterions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21615-21625. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to study the thermo-mechanical response of a physically cross-linked network composed of zwitterionic moieties and fully flexible elastomeric polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Athir
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Sayyed Asim Ali Shah
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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11
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Cheng Q, Guo X, Zou J, Shi X, Ding S, Shi Z, Zhu S, Cui Z. A photo-crosslinked hybrid interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) for antibacterial coatings on denture base materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structured antibacterial layer was prepared on dental base materials using a one-step photo-crosslinking method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Shuxiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Zuosen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry
- Hospital of Stomatology
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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12
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Zhang Z, Hou G, Shen J, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L. Designing the Slide-Ring Polymer Network with both Good Mechanical and Damping Properties via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E964. [PMID: 30960889 PMCID: PMC6403985 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we have successfully designed the chemically cross-linked (fixed junction) and the slide-ring (SR) systems. Firstly, we examine the dynamic properties such as the mean-square displacement, the bond, and the end-to-end autocorrelation functions as a function of the cross-linking density, consistently pointing out that the SR system exhibits much lower mobility compared with the fixed junction one at the same cross-linking density. This is further validated by a relatively higher glass transition temperature for the SR system compared with that of the fixed junction one. Then, we calculated the effect of the cross-linking density on the stretch-recovery behavior for the SR and fixed junction systems. Although the chain orientation of the SR system is higher than that of the fixed-junction system, the tensile stress is smaller than the latter. We infer that much greater chain sliding can occur during the stretch, because the movable ring structure homogeneously sustains the external force of the SR system, which, therefore, leads to much larger permanent set and higher hysteresis during the recovery process compared with the fixed-junction one. Based on the stretch-recovery behavior for various cross-linking densities, we obtain the change of the hysteresis loss, which is larger for the SR system than that of the fixed junction system. Lastly, we note that the relatively bigger compressive stress for the SR system results from the aggregation of the rigid rings compared with the fixed junction system. In general, compared with the traditionally cross-linked system, a deep molecular-level insight into the slide-ring polymer network is offered and thus is believed to provide some guidance to the design and preparation of the slide-ring polymer network with both good mechanical and damping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guanyi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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13
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Zheng J, Han D, Zhao S, Ye X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Dong D, Liu J, Wu X, Zhang L. Constructing a Multiple Covalent Interface and Isolating a Dispersed Structure in Silica/Rubber Nanocomposites with Excellent Dynamic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19922-19931. [PMID: 29745652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Realizing and manipulating a fine dispersion of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in the polymer matrix is always a great challenge. In this work, we first successfully synthesized N, N'-bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl-isopropanol]-propane-1,3-diamine (TSPD), which was a new interface modifier, aiming to promote the dispersion of silica NPs. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and mass spectroscopy, we verified that TSPD contains together six ethoxy groups at its two ends. Then, we used this TSPD to modify the pure silica NPs, and this modified silica was abbreviated as D-MS, which is realized by the thermal gravimetric analysis examination, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and dynamic light scattering results. It was clearly observed that D-MS NPs are connected to one another but are not conglutinated tightly, exhibiting a novel predispersed structure with around 1-2 nm certain extent of interparticle distance. Next, we fabricated the following four elastomer nanocomposites such as pure silica/natural rubber (NR) composite (PS-NR), D-MS/NR composite (DMS-NR), bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT)-modified silica/NR composite (TS-NR), and TESPT-modified D-MS/NR composite (T&DMS-NR) and found that the Payne effect is the smallest for T&DMS-NR via the combination use of the D-MS and the traditional coupling agent TESPT, which is attributed to its best dispersion state evidenced by the transmission electron microscopy results. Moreover, by measuring a series of other important mechanical performances such as the stress-strain curve, the dynamic strain dependence of the loss factor, and the heat build-up, we concluded that the T&DMS-NR system greatly exceeds those of the three other rubber composites. In general, this new approach provides a good opportunity to prepare a silica/rubber composite with excellent properties in mechanical strength and dynamic behavior by tailoring the fine dispersion of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Dong
- Beijing Red Avenue Innova Co., Ltd. , Unit 1, 2, 3, Building 10, No. 20 Kechuang Fourteenth Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area (BDA) , Beijing 100176 , PR China
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14
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Wan H, Shen J, Gao N, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang L. Tailoring the mechanical properties by molecular integration of flexible and stiff polymer networks. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2379-2390. [PMID: 29503989 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02282d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Designing a multiple-network structure at the molecular level to tailor the mechanical properties of polymeric materials is of great scientific and technological importance. Through the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we successfully construct an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composed of a flexible polymer network and a stiff polymer network. First, we find that there is an optimal chain stiffness for a single network (SN) to achieve the best stress-strain behavior. Then we turn to study the mechanical behaviors of IPNs. The result shows that the stress-strain behaviors of the IPNs appreciably exceed the sum of that of the corresponding single flexible and stiff network, which highlights the advantage of the IPN structure. By systematically varying the stiffness of the stiff polymer network of the IPNs, optimal stiffness also exists to achieve the best performance. We attribute this to a much larger contribution of the non-bonded interaction energy. Last, the effect of the component concentration ratio is probed. With the increase of the concentration of the flexible network, the stress-strain behavior of the IPNs is gradually enhanced, while an optimized concentration (around 60% molar ration) of the stiff network occurs, which could result from the dominant role of the enthalpy rather than the entropy. In general, our work is expected to provide some guidelines to better tailor the mechanical properties of the IPNs made of a flexible network and a stiff network, by manipulating the stiffness of the stiff polymer network and the component concentration ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Naishen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China. and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China and Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China. and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China and Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, People's Republic of China and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hagita K, Tominaga T, Sone T. Large-scale reverse Monte Carlo analysis for the morphologies of silica nanoparticles in end-modified rubbers based on ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering data. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Liu J, Wan H, Zhou H, Feng Y, Zhang L, Lyulin A. Formation mechanism of bound rubber in elastomer nanocomposites: a molecular dynamics simulation study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13008-13017. [PMID: 35541258 PMCID: PMC9079736 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00405f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation mechanism of the bound rubber in elastomer nanocomposites using the coarse-grained molecular-dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
| | - Haixiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yancong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Group Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter
- Department of Applied Physics
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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17
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Li Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Yuan B. Molecular dynamics simulation of the viscoelasticity of polymer nanocomposites under oscillatory shear: effect of interfacial chemical coupling. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8141-8151. [PMID: 35542003 PMCID: PMC9078516 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work by adopting coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we focus our attention on investigating the effect of the chemical coupling between polymer and nanoparticles (NPs) on the viscoelastic properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Firstly we examine the effect of the interfacial chemical coupling on the non-linear behavior, such as the change of the storage moduli, the loss moduli and the loss factor as a function of the strain amplitude. Besides the reinforcing effect contributed by the interfacial chemical interaction, a much smaller loss factor is also observed attributed to less molecular friction and dissipation. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, frequency, and the interfacial physical interaction between NPs and polymers on the viscoelastic properties are also probed. To uncover the structural and dynamic effect of the interfacial chemical coupling, we calculate the radial distribution function of polymer chains around NPs, the content of the polymer beads in the first layer of the interfacial region under quiescent and dynamic conditions, the incoherent intermediate dynamic structure factor of the polymer beads, which are chemically or physically tethered to the NPs, and all the polymer beads of the system, the quantitative comparison of the mean relaxation time for different interfacial chemical coupling, and the mean-square displacement of the polymer chains. Lastly we analyze the change of the interfacial energy such as the physical and chemical energies during oscillatory shear. Through these analyses, we conclude that with the increase of the interfacial chemical coupling, the change extent of the interfacial physical interaction versus the periodic strain decreases, attributed to a much smaller adsorption–desorption reversible process. This can rationalize the much weaker non-linear behavior or the “Payne effect”. Based on these results, we anticipate that a better molecular-level understanding is provided on the effect of the interfacial coupling on the viscoelastic properties of PNCs. In this work by adopting coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we focus attention on investigating the effect of the chemical coupling between polymer and nanoparticles (NPs) on the viscoelastic properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Binbin Yuan
- The Second Research Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China
- Chengdu 610000
- People's Republic of China
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