1
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Rahali E, Noori Z, Arfaoui Y, Poater J. Chalcogen Noncovalent Interactions between Diazines and Sulfur Oxides in Supramolecular Circular Chains. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7497. [PMID: 39000604 PMCID: PMC11242197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The noncovalent chalcogen interaction between SO2/SO3 and diazines was studied through a dispersion-corrected DFT Kohn-Sham molecular orbital together with quantitative energy decomposition analyses. For this, supramolecular circular chains of up to 12 molecules were built with the aim of checking the capability of diazine molecules to detect SO2/SO3 compounds within the atmosphere. Trends in the interaction energies with the increasing number of molecules are mainly determined by the Pauli steric repulsion involved in these σ-hole/π-hole interactions. But more importantly, despite the assumed electrostatic nature of the involved interactions, the covalent component also plays a determinant role in its strength in the involved chalcogen bonds. Noticeably, π-hole interactions are supported by the charge transfer from diazines to SO2/SO3 molecules. Interaction energies in these supramolecular complexes are not only determined by the S···N bond lengths but attractive electrostatic and orbital interactions also determine the trends. These results should allow us to establish the fundamental characteristics of chalcogen bonding based on its strength and nature, which is of relevance for the capture of sulfur oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Rahali
- Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.R.); (Y.A.)
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Zahra Noori
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Youssef Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials (LR18ES08), Department of Chemistry, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.R.); (Y.A.)
| | - Jordi Poater
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Yang D, Liu C, Zhang M, Zhao J. Effects of Chalcogen Atoms on Excited-State Double-Proton Transfer Behavior for 3,6-bis(4,5-Dihydroxyoxazo-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol Derivatives: A Computational Investigation. Molecules 2024; 29:461. [PMID: 38257373 PMCID: PMC10820863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of the chalcogen atomic electronegativity (O, S, and Se atoms) of new organic molecules on excited-state dynamical reactions is self-evident. Inspired by this kind of distinguished photochemical characteristic, in this work, we performed a computational investigation of chalcogen-substituted 3,6-bis(4,5-dihydroxyoxazo-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol (BDYBD) derivatives (i.e., BDYBD-O, BDYBD-S, and BDYBD-Se). In this paper, we pay close attention to characteristic BDYBD derivatives that contain intramolecular double hydrogen bonds (O1-H2···N3 and O4-H5···N6). The main goal of this study was to explore how changes in atomic electronegativity affect the way hydrogen bonds interact and how excited molecules affect transfer protons. We go into further detail in the main text of the paper. By fixing our attention to geometrical variations and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra between the S0 and S1 states, exploring hydrogen bonding behaviors using the core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index, and simulating hydrogen bonding energy (EHB) via the atom in molecule (AIM) method, we clarified the photo-induced strengthened dual hydrogen bonding interactions that facilitate the excited-state dual-proton transfer (ESDPT) behavior of BDYBD derivatives. The reorganization of charge stemming from photoexcitation further verifies the tendencies of ESDPT reactions. We relied on constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs) by adopting a restrictive optimization approach, and herein, we finally clarify the gradual ESDPT mechanism of BDYBD derivatives. Particularly, we confirm that the variation in chalcogen atomic electronegativity has a regulatory effect on the ESDPT behavior of BDYBD derivatives; that is, the lower the atomic electronegativity, the more favorable it is for the gradual ESDPT reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Yang
- College of Electronics and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China; (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meiyi Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China; (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China; (C.L.); (M.Z.)
- Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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3
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Jena NR, Das P, Shukla PK. Complementary base pair interactions between different rare tautomers of the second-generation artificial genetic alphabets. J Mol Model 2023; 29:125. [PMID: 37014428 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of a semisynthetic DNA in the biological environment will depend on the base pair nature of its complementary base pairs. To understand this, base pair interactions between complementary bases of recently proposed eight second-generation artificial nucleobases are studied herein by considering their rare tautomeric conformations and a dispersion-corrected density functional theoretic method. It is found that the binding energies of two hydrogen-bonded complementary base pairs are more negative than those of the three hydrogen-bonded base pairs. However, as the former base pairs are endothermic, the semisynthetic duplex DNA would involve the latter base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Jena
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, 482005, India.
| | - P Das
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, 482005, India
| | - P K Shukla
- Department of Physics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
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4
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Martínez FA, Adler NS, Cavasotto CN, Aucar GA. Solvent effects on the NMR shieldings of stacked DNA base pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18150-18160. [PMID: 35861154 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stacking effects are among the most important effects in DNA. We have recently studied their influence in fragments of DNA through the analysis of NMR magnetic shieldings, firstly in vacuo. As a continuation of this line of research we show here the influence of solvent effects on the shieldings through the application of both explicit and implicit models. We found that the explicit solvent model is more appropriate for consideration due to the results matching better in general with experiments, as well as providing clear knowledge of the electronic origin of the value of the shieldings. Our study is grounded on a recently developed theoretical model of our own, by which we are able to learn about the magnetic effects of given fragments of DNA molecules on selected base pairs. We use the shieldings of the atoms of a central base pair (guanine-cytosine) of a selected fragment of DNA molecules as descriptors of physical effects, like π-stacking and solvent effects. They can be taken separately and altogether. The effect of π-stacking is introduced through the addition of some pairs above and below of the central base pair, and now, the solvent effect is considered including a network of water molecules that consist of two solvation layers, which were fixed in the calculations performed in all fragments. We show that the solvent effects enhance the stacking effects on the magnetic shieldings of atoms that belong to the external N-H bonds. The net effect is of deshielding on both atoms. There is also a deshielding effect on the carbon atoms that belong to CO bonds, for which the oxygen atom has an explicit hydrogen bond (HB) with a solvent water molecule. Solvent effects are found to be no higher than a few percent of the total value of the shieldings (between 1% and 5%) for most atoms, although there are few for which such an effect can be higher. There is one nitrogen atom, the acceptor of the HB between guanine and cytosine, that is more highly shielded (around 15 ppm or 10%) when the explicit solvent is considered. In a similar manner, the most external nitrogen atom of cytosine and the hydrogen atom that is bonded to it are highly deshielded (around 10 ppm for nitrogen and around 3 ppm for hydrogen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Martínez
- Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina.,Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Adler
- Computational Drug Design and Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en BioNanociencias (CIBION), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio N Cavasotto
- Computational Drug Design and Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Translacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas and Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Austral Institute for Applied Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Aucar
- Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina.,Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University of Argentina, Avda Libertad 5460, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina.
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5
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Masoodi HR, Bagheri S, Gholipour A, Rohani Moghadam M, Bazmandegan-Shamili A. DFT study of stability and electronic properties of cyclic tetramer involving dinucleobase monomers, comprising acetylene central block substituted at both edges with guanine and cytosine nucleobases. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2096141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Masoodi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sotoodeh Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Gholipour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Rohani Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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6
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Affinity and Correlation in DNA. J 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/j5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A statistical analysis of important DNA sequences and related proteins has been performed to study the relationships between monomers, and some general considerations about these macromolecules can be provided from the results. First, the most important relationship between sites in all the DNA sequences examined is that between two consecutive base pairs. This is an indication of an energetic stabilization due to the stacking interaction of these couples of base pairs. Secondly, the difference between human chromosome sequences and their coding parts is relevant both in the relationships between sites and in some specific compositional rules, such as the second Chargaff rule. Third, the evidence of the relationship in two successive triplets of DNA coding sequences generates a relationship between two successive amino acids in the proteins. This is obviously impossible if all the relationships between the sites are statistical evidence and do not involve causes; therefore, in this article, due to stacking interactions and this relationship in coding sequences, we will divide the concept of the relationship between sites into two concepts: affinity and correlation, the first with physical causes and the second without. Finally, from the statistical analyses carried out, it will emerge that the human genome is uniform, with the only significant exception being the Y chromosome.
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7
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Nieuwland C, Hamlin TA, Fonseca Guerra C, Barone G, Bickelhaupt FM. B-DNA Structure and Stability: The Role of Nucleotide Composition and Order. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202100231. [PMID: 35083880 PMCID: PMC8805170 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have quantum chemically analyzed the influence of nucleotide composition and sequence (that is, order) on the stability of double-stranded B-DNA triplets in aqueous solution. To this end, we have investigated the structure and bonding of all 32 possible DNA duplexes with Watson-Crick base pairing, using dispersion-corrected DFT at the BLYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P level and COSMO for simulating aqueous solvation. We find enhanced stabilities for duplexes possessing a higher GC base pair content. Our activation strain analyses unexpectedly identify the loss of stacking interactions within individual strands as a destabilizing factor in the duplex formation, in addition to the better-known effects of partial desolvation. Furthermore, we show that the sequence-dependent differences in the interaction energy for duplexes of the same overall base pair composition result from the so-called "diagonal interactions" or "cross terms". Whether cross terms are stabilizing or destabilizing depends on the nature of the electrostatic interaction between polar functional groups in the pertinent nucleobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryGorlaeus LaboratoriesLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552300 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di PalermoViale delle Scienze, Edificio 1790128PalermoItaly
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Institute of Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
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8
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Soares C, Ley AR, Zehner BC, Treacy PW, Phillips JA. Matrix effects on hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in fluoropyridine - HCl complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2371-2386. [PMID: 35019906 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an extensive computational and spectroscopic study of several fluoropyridine-HCl complexes, and the parent, pyridine-HCl system. Matrix-IR spectra for pentafluoropyridine-HCl, 2,6-difluororpyridine-HCl, and 3,5-difluororpyridine-HCl in solid neon exhibit shifts for the H-Cl stretching band that parallel the effects of fluorination on hydrogen-bond strength. Analogous spectral shifts observed across various host environments (solid neon, argon, and nitrogen) for pentafluoropyridine-HCl and 2,6-difluororpyridine-HCl convey a systematically varying degree of matrix stabilization on the hydrogen bonds in these complexes. An extended quantum-chemical study of pyridine-HCl and eight fluorinated analogs, including 2-, 3-, and 4-fluoropyridine-HCl, 2,6- and 3,5-difluororpyridine-HCl, 2,4,6- and 3,4,5-trifluropyridine-HCl, as well as pentafluoropyridine-HCl, was also performed. Equilibrium structures and binding energies for the gas-phase complexes illustrate two clear trends in how fluorine substitution affects hydrogen bond strength; increasing fluorination weakens these interactions, yet substitution at the 2- and 6-positions has the most pronounced effect. Bonding analyses for a select subset of these systems reveal shifts in electron density that accompany hydrogen bonding, and most notably, the values of the electron density at the N-H bond critical points among the stronger systems in this subset significantly exceed those typical for moderately strong hydrogen-bonds. We also explored the effects of dielectric media on the structural and bonding properties of these systems. For pyridine-HCl, 3-fluoropyridine-HCl, and 3,5-difluororpyridine-HCl, a transition to proton transfer-type structures is observed at ε-values of 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0, respectively. This is signaled by key structural changes, as well as an increase in the negative charge on the chorine, and dramatic shifts in topological properties of the H-Cl and N-H bonds. In the case of pentafluoropyridine-HCl, and 2,6-difluororpyridine-HCl, we do not predict proton transfer in dielectric media up to ε = 20.0. However, there are clear indications that the media enhance hydrogen-bond strength, and moreover, these observations are completely consistent with the experimental IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Soares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA.
| | - Anna R Ley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA.
| | - Brittany C Zehner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA.
| | - Patrick W Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA.
| | - James A Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA.
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9
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Altun A, Garcia-Ratés M, Neese F, Bistoni G. Unveiling the complex pattern of intermolecular interactions responsible for the stability of the DNA duplex. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12785-12793. [PMID: 34703565 PMCID: PMC8494058 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03868k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide new insights into the intermolecular interactions responsible for the intrinsic stability of the duplex structure of a large portion of human B-DNA by using advanced quantum mechanical methods. Our results indicate that (i) the effect of non-neighboring bases on the inter-strand interaction is negligibly small, (ii) London dispersion effects are essential for the stability of the duplex structure, (iii) the largest contribution to the stability of the duplex structure is the Watson-Crick base pairing - consistent with previous computational investigations, (iv) the effect of stacking between adjacent bases is relatively small but still essential for the duplex structure stability and (v) there are no cooperativity effects between intra-strand stacking and inter-strand base pairing interactions. These results are consistent with atomic force microscope measurements and provide the first theoretical validation of nearest neighbor approaches for predicting thermodynamic data of arbitrary DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Miquel Garcia-Ratés
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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10
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Zaccaria F, van der Lubbe SCC, Nieuwland C, Hamlin TA, Fonseca Guerra C. How Divalent Cations Interact with the Internal Channel Site of Guanine Quadruplexes. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2286-2296. [PMID: 34435425 PMCID: PMC9293024 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of guanine quadruplexes (GQ) in DNA is crucial in telomere homeostasis and regulation of gene expression. Pollution metals can interfere with these DNA superstructures upon coordination. In this work, we study the affinity of the internal GQ channel site towards alkaline earth metal (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+), and (post‐)transition metal (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+) cations using density functional theory computations. We find that divalent cations generally bind to the GQ cavity with a higher affinity than conventional monovalent cations (e. g. K+). Importantly, we establish the nature of the cation‐GQ interaction and highlight the relationship between ionic and nuclear charge, and the electrostatic and covalent interactions. The covalent interaction strength plays an important role in the cation affinity and can be traced back to the relative stabilization of cations’ unoccupied atomic orbitals. Overall, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how pollution metals could induce genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie C C van der Lubbe
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Gorb L, Pekh A, Nyporko A, Ilchenko M, Golius A, Zubatiuk T, Zubatyuk R, Dubey I, Hovorun DM, Leszczynski J. Effect of Microenvironment on the Geometrical Structure of d(A)5 d(T)5 and d(G)5 d(C)5 DNA Mini-Helixes and the Dickerson Dodecamer: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9343-9353. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Gorb
- Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Vul. Zabolotnogo, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Anatolii Pekh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Alexey Nyporko
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Ilchenko
- Department of Synthetic Bioregulators, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Vul. Zabolotnogo, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Golius
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Tetiana Zubatiuk
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Roman Zubatyuk
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Igor Dubey
- Department of Synthetic Bioregulators, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Vul. Zabolotnogo, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M. Hovorun
- Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Vul. Zabolotnogo, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, P.O. Box 17910, 1325 Lynch Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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12
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Carrer M, Škrbić T, Bore SL, Milano G, Cascella M, Giacometti A. Can Polarity-Inverted Surfactants Self-Assemble in Nonpolar Solvents? J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6448-6458. [PMID: 32618191 PMCID: PMC8009519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We investigate the
self-assembly process of a surfactant with inverted
polarity in water and cyclohexane using both all-atom and coarse-grained
hybrid particle-field molecular dynamics simulations. Unlike conventional
surfactants, the molecule under study, proposed in a recent experiment,
is formed by a rigid and compact hydrophobic adamantane moiety, and
a long and floppy triethylene glycol tail. In water, we report the
formation of stable inverted micelles with the adamantane heads grouping
together into a hydrophobic core and the tails forming hydrogen bonds
with water. By contrast, microsecond simulations do not provide evidence
of stable micelle formation in cyclohexane. Validating the computational
results by comparison with experimental diffusion constant and small-angle
X-ray scattering intensity, we show that at laboratory thermodynamic
conditions the mixture resides in the supercritical region of the
phase diagram, where aggregated and free surfactant states coexist
in solution. Our simulations also provide indications as to how to
escape this region to produce thermodynamically stable micellar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Carrer
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tatjana Škrbić
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.,Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia,Campus Scientifico, Edificio Alfa, via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Sigbjørn Løland Bore
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, 992-8510 Yamagata-ken, Japan.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Cascella
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Achille Giacometti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia,Campus Scientifico, Edificio Alfa, via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy.,European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT) Ca' Bottacin, 3911 Dorsoduro, Calle Crosera, 30123 Venice, Italy
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13
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Kruse H, Šponer J. Revisiting the Potential Energy Surface of the Stacked Cytosine Dimer: FNO-CCSD(T) Interaction Energies, SAPT Decompositions, and Benchmarking. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9209-9222. [PMID: 31560201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleobase stacking interactions are crucial for the stability of nucleic acids. This study investigates base stacking energies of the cytosine homodimer in different configurations, including intermolecular separation plots, detailed twist dependence, and displaced structures. Highly accurate ab initio quantum chemical single point energies using an energy function based on MP2 complete basis set extrapolation ([6 → 7]ZaPa-NR) and a CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ-F12 high-level correction are presented as new reference data, providing the most accurate stacking energies of nucleobase dimers currently available. Accurate SAPT2+(3)δMP2 energy decomposition is used to obtain detailed insights into the nature of base stacking interactions at varying vertical distances and twist values. The ab initio symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) energy decomposition suggests that the base stacking originates from an intricate interplay between dispersion attraction, short-range exchange-repulsion, and Coulomb interaction. The interpretation of the SAPT data is a complex issue as key energy terms vary substantially in the region of optimal (low energy) base stacking geometries. Thus, attempts to highlight one leading stabilizing SAPT base stacking term may be misleading and the outcome strongly depends on the used geometries within the range of geometries sampled in nucleic acids upon thermal fluctuations. Modern dispersion-corrected density functional theory (among them DSD-BLYP-D3, ωB97M-V, and ωB97M-D3BJ) is benchmarked and often reaches up to spectroscopic accuracy (below 1 kJ/mol). The classical AMBER force field is benchmarked with multiple different sets of point-charges (e.g. HF, DFT, and MP2-based) and is found to produce reasonable agreement with the benchmark data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kruse
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Královopolská 135 , CZ-61265 Brno , Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology , Masaryk University , Kamenice 753/5 , 62500 Brno , Czech Republic
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14
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Rocha MVJ, Vilhena FS, Signorelli MRM, de M Carneiro JW, Ramalho TC, Costa LT. Structure and bonding in triorganotin chlorides: a perspective from energy decomposition analysis. J Mol Model 2019; 25:279. [PMID: 31463808 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Sn-Cl chemical bond of four organotin halides (Me3SnCl, Et3SnCl, Bu3SnCl, and Ph3SnCl) was studied by using relativistic density functional theory in combination with a quantitative energy decomposition analysis to explain the formation of charged species. The σ orbital is the dominant contributor to the stabilization of the Sn-Cl bond, and the π-orbital interactions also have a significant contribution to the stabilization of Ph3Sn+ cation when the aromatic groups are bonded to the tin atom. The aromaticity of the phenyl groups delocalizes the positive charge, donating electrons to tin atom by conjugation. Although Me3SnCl and Ph3SnCl are constituted by groups which the size of the substituents is different, the interaction energies obtained with the energy decomposition analysis present similar values, which also occur with the thermodynamic parameters. Graphical abstract Organotin compounds have widely studied as a potential antitumoral agent. The mechanism in triorganotin compounds includes the formation of cation species, R3Sn+. This article studies the influence of the R groups on the rupture of Sn-Cl bond using the fragment analysis and quantitative energy decomposition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V J Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, s/n, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Vilhena
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Matheus R M Signorelli
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - José W de M Carneiro
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, s/n, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano T Costa
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-141, Brazil.
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15
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Maffeo C, Chou HY, Aksimentiev A. Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Replication and Repair Machinery: Insights from Microscopic Simulations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019; 2:1800191. [PMID: 31728433 PMCID: PMC6855400 DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction, the hallmark of biological activity, requires making an accurate copy of the genetic material to allow the progeny to inherit parental traits. In all living cells, the process of DNA replication is carried out by a concerted action of multiple protein species forming a loose protein-nucleic acid complex, the replisome. Proofreading and error correction generally accompany replication but also occur independently, safeguarding genetic information through all phases of the cell cycle. Advances in biochemical characterization of intracellular processes, proteomics and the advent of single-molecule biophysics have brought about a treasure trove of information awaiting to be assembled into an accurate mechanistic model of the DNA replication process. In this review, we describe recent efforts to model elements of DNA replication and repair processes using computer simulations, an approach that has gained immense popularity in many areas of molecular biophysics but has yet to become mainstream in the DNA metabolism community. We highlight the use of diverse computational methods to address specific problems of the fields and discuss unexplored possibilities that lie ahead for the computational approaches in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maffeo
- Department of Physics, Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Han-Yi Chou
- Department of Physics, Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics, Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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16
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Li X, Duan R, Wang Y, Qu LB, Li Z, Wei D. Insights into N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Oxidative α-C(sp 3)-H Activation of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Cascade [2 + 2] Cycloaddition with Ketimines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6117-6125. [PMID: 31012584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the chemoselectivity of [2 + 2] cyclizations is an important challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we provided a valuable case for this issue. Density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically study the possible mechanisms and origin of selectivities for the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative α-C(sp3)-H activation of aliphatic aldehydes and the cascade [2 + 2] cycloaddition with ketimines. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition of azolium enolate intermediates to the C═N bond, rather than the C═O bond of ketimine, is revealed to be determined by chemo- and stereoselectivity. By comparing the energy gap between the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of the two reacting parts involved in the [2 + 2] cycloaddition transition states, we propose a new strategy to determine the origin of the reaction chemoselectivity. Moreover, the local nucleophilic index can efficiently predict the active site of ketimines. Further analyses illustrate that NHC can increase the nucleophilicity of aldehydes and the acidity of the α-C(sp3)-H bond, and 3,3',5,5'-tetra- tert-butyl diphenoquinone (DQ) acts as an oxidant and promotes α-C(sp3)-H bond deprotonation. This work is useful not only for understanding the NHC-catalyzed oxidative [2 + 2] annulation but also for developing new applications of the FMO theory in organocatalytic cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Ruihong Duan
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Science Avenue , Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , P. R. China
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17
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van der Lubbe SCC, Zaccaria F, Sun X, Guerra CF. Secondary Electrostatic Interaction Model Revised: Prediction Comes Mainly from Measuring Charge Accumulation in Hydrogen-Bonded Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4878-4885. [PMID: 30799606 PMCID: PMC6439436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
secondary electrostatic interaction (SEI) model is often used
to predict and explain relative hydrogen bond strengths of self-assembled
systems. The SEI model oversimplifies the hydrogen-bonding mechanisms
by viewing them as interacting point charges, but nevertheless experimental
binding strengths are often in line with the model’s predictions.
To understand how this rudimentary model can be predictive, we computationally
studied two tautomeric quadruple hydrogen-bonded systems, DDAA-AADD
and DADA-ADAD. Our results reveal that when the proton donors D (which
are electron-donating) and the proton acceptors A (which are electron-withdrawing)
are grouped together as in DDAA, there is a larger accumulation of
charge around the frontier atoms than when the proton donor and acceptor
groups are alternating as in DADA. This accumulation of charge makes
the proton donors more positive and the proton acceptors more negative,
which enhances both the electrostatic and covalent interactions in
the DDAA dimer. The SEI model is thus predictive because it provides
a measure for the charge accumulation in hydrogen-bonded monomers.
Our findings can be understood from simple physical organic chemistry
principles and provide supramolecular chemists with meaningful understanding
for tuning hydrogen bond strengths and thus for controlling the properties
of self-assembled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C C van der Lubbe
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , The Netherlands
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18
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Shi Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Lan Y, Yao C, Wei D. Prediction on the origin of chemoselectivity in Lewis base-mediated competition cyclizations between allenoates and chalcones: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00606k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The HOMOTSs and p-orbital contributions of the center atoms were used to predict the origin of chemoselectivity in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- and School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- and School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- and School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- and School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
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19
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Kruse H, Banáš P, Šponer J. Investigations of Stacked DNA Base-Pair Steps: Highly Accurate Stacking Interaction Energies, Energy Decomposition, and Many-Body Stacking Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:95-115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kruse
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Banáš
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřı́ Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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20
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Zaccaria F, Fonseca Guerra C. RNA versus DNA G-Quadruplex: The Origin of Increased Stability. Chemistry 2018; 24:16315-16322. [PMID: 30215872 PMCID: PMC6282516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA quadruplexes have been the subject of investigation because of their biological relevance and because of their potential application in supramolecular chemistry. Similarly, RNA quadruplexes are now gaining increasing attention. Although DNA and RNA quadruplexes are structurally very similar, the latter show higher stability. In this study we report dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT‐D) quantum chemical calculations that were undertaken to understand the difference in stabilities of RNA and DNA quadruplexes. The smallest meaningful model of a stack of quartets, interacting with alkali metal cations, was simulated in an aqueous environment. The energy decomposition analysis allows for in‐depth examination of the interaction energies, emphasising the role of noncovalent interactions and better electrostatics in determining RNA‐GQs higher stabilities, particularly pinpointing the role of the extra 2′‐OH groups. Furthermore, our computations present new insights on why the cation is required for self‐assembly: unexpectedly the cation is not necessary to relieve the repulsion between the oxygen atoms in the central cavity, but it is needed to overcome the entropic penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and, Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Hamlin TA, van Beek B, Wolters LP, Bickelhaupt FM. Nucleophilic Substitution in Solution: Activation Strain Analysis of Weak and Strong Solvent Effects. Chemistry 2018; 24:5927-5938. [PMID: 29457865 PMCID: PMC5947303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied the effect of various polar and apolar solvents on the shape of the potential energy surface (PES) of a diverse collection of archetypal nucleophilic substitution reactions at carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and arsenic by using density functional theory at the OLYP/TZ2P level. In the gas phase, all our model SN 2 reactions have single-well PESs, except for the nucleophilic substitution reaction at carbon (SN 2@C), which has a double-well energy profile. The presence of the solvent can have a significant effect on the shape of the PES and, thus, on the nature of the SN 2 process. Solvation energies, charges on the nucleophile or leaving group, and structural features are compared for the various SN 2 reactions in a spectrum of solvents. We demonstrate how solvation can change the shape of the PES, depending not only on the polarity of the solvent, but also on how the charge is distributed over the interacting molecular moieties during different stages of the reaction. In the case of a nucleophilic substitution at three-coordinate phosphorus, the reaction can be made to proceed through a single-well [no transition state (TS)], bimodal barrier (two TSs), and then through a unimodal transition state (one TS) simply by increasing the polarity of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas van Beek
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lando P. Wolters
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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