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Fernández-Vidal J, Hardwick LJ, Cabello G, Attard GA. Effect of alkali-metal cation on oxygen adsorption at Pt single-crystal electrodes in non-aqueous electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:102-118. [PMID: 37753622 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Group 1 alkali-metal cations (Na+, K+, and Cs+) on the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based electrolytes was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) utilising different Pt-electrode surfaces (polycrystalline Pt, Pt(111) and Pt(100)) was undertaken to investigate the influence of surface structure upon the ORR and OER. For K+ and Cs+, negligible variation in the CV response (in contrast to Na+) was observed using Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(poly) electrodes, consistent with a weak surface-metal/superoxide complex interaction. Indeed, changes in the half-wave potentials (E1/2) and relative intensities of the redox peaks corresponding to superoxy (O2-) and peroxy (O22-) ion formation were consistent with a solution-mediated mechanism for larger cations, such as Cs+. Support for this finding was obtained via in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). During the ORR and in the presence of Cs+, O2- and weakly adsorbed caesium superoxide (CsO2) species were detected. Because DMSO was found to strongly interact with the surface at potentials associated with the ORR, CsO2 was readily displaced at more negative potentials via increased solvent adsorption at the surface. This finding highlights the important impact of the solvent during ORR/OER reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Vidal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gema Cabello
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gary A Attard
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD Liverpool, UK.
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2
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Liu J, Guo L, Xu Y, Huang J, Peng Z. K-O 2 electrochemistry at the Au/DMSO interface probed by in situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:89-101. [PMID: 37753847 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism underpinning the operation of K-O2 batteries, particularly the O2 reactions at the positive electrode, is still not completely understood. In this work, by combining in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory calculations, we report on a fundamental study of K-O2 electrochemistry at a model interface of Au electrode/DMSO electrolyte. The key products and intermediates (O2-, KO2 and K2O2) are identified and their dependency on the electrode potential is revealed. At high potentials, the first reduction intermediate of O2-* radical anions (* denotes the adsorbed state) can desorb from the Au electrode surface and combine with K+ cations in the electrolyte producing KO2via a solution-mediated pathway. At low potentials, O2 can be directly reduced to on the Au electrode surface, which can be further reduced to at extremely low potentials. The fact that K2O2 has only been detected in the very high overpotential regime indicates a lack of KO2 disproportionation reaction both on the Au electrode surface and in the electrolyte solution. This work addresses the fundamental mechanism and origin of the high reversibility of the aprotic K-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Liu
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Limin Guo
- College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-13, Theory and Computation of Energy Materials, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion Batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies Co. Ltd, Liyang 213300, China
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3
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Chen Y, Xu J, He P, Qiao Y, Guo S, Yang H, Zhou H. Metal-air batteries: progress and perspective. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2449-2486. [PMID: 36566068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The metal-air batteries with the largest theoretical energy densities have been paid much more attention. However, metal-air batteries including Li-air/O2, Li-CO2, Na-air/O2, and Zn-air/O2 batteries, are complex systems that have their respective scientific problems, such as metal dendrite forming/deforming, the kinetics of redox mediators for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions, high overpotentials, desolution of CO2, H2O, etc. from the air and related side reactions on both anode and cathode. It should be the main direction to address these shortages to improve performance. Here, we summarized recently research progress in these metal-air/O2 batteries. Some perspectives are also provided for these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jijing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ping He
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang XG, Dong JC, Radjenovic PM, Young DJ, Yao JL, Yuan YX, Tian ZQ, Li JF. Real-Time Monitoring of Surface Effects on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism for Aprotic Na-O 2 Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20049-20054. [PMID: 34812610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Discharging of aprotic sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) batteries is driven by the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction in the presence of sodium cations (Na+-ORR). However, the mechanism of aprotic Na+-ORR remains ambiguous and is system dependent. In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study the aprotic Na+-ORR processes at three atomically ordered Au(hkl) single-crystal surfaces for the first time, and the structure-intermediates/mechanism relationship has been identified at a molecular level. Direct spectroscopic evidence of superoxide on Au(110) and peroxide on Au(100) and Au(111) as intermediates/products has been obtained. Combining these experimental results with theoretical simulation has revealed that the surface effect of Au(hkl) electrodes on aprotic Na+-ORR activity is mainly caused by the different adsorption of Na+ and O2. This work enhances our understanding of aprotic Na+-ORR on Au(hkl) surfaces and provides further guidance for the design of improved Na-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jin-Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Jian-Lin Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Hegemann M, Bawol PP, Köllisch-Mirbach A, Baltruschat H. Mixed Lithium and Sodium Ion Aprotic DMSO Electrolytes for Oxygen Reduction on Au and Pt Studied by DEMS and RRDE. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to advance the development of metal-air batteries and solve possible problems, it is necessary to gain a fundamental understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms. In this study we investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER, from species formed during ORR) in Na+ containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on poly and single crystalline Pt and Au electrodes. Using a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) generator collector setup and additional differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), we investigate the ORR mechanism and product distribution. We found that the formation of adsorbed Na2O2, which inhibits further oxygen reduction, is kinetically favored on Pt overadsorption on Au. Peroxide formation occurs to a smaller extent on the single crystal electrodes of Pt than on the polycrystalline surface. Utilizing two different approaches, we were able to calculate the heterogeneous rate constants of the O2/O2− redox couple on Pt and Au and found a higher rate for Pt electrodes compared to Au. We will show that on both electrodes the first electron transfer (formation of superoxide) is the rate-determining step in the reaction mechanism. Small amounts of added Li+ in the electrolyte reduce the reversibility of the O2/O2− redox couples due to faster and more efficient blocking of the electrode by peroxide. Another effect is the positive potential shift of the peroxide formation on both electrodes. The reaction rate of the peroxide formation on the Au electrode increases when increasing the Li+ content in the electrolyte, whereas it remains unaffected on the Pt electrode. However, we can show that the mixed electrolytes promote the activity of peroxide oxidation on the Pt electrode compared to a pure Li+ electrolyte. Overall, we found that the addition of Li+ leads to a Li+-dominated mechanism (ORR onset and product distribution) as soon as the Li+ concentration exceeds the oxygen concentration.
Graphical abstract
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Khan Z, Vagin M, Crispin X. Can Hybrid Na-Air Batteries Outperform Nonaqueous Na-O 2 Batteries? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902866. [PMID: 32154077 PMCID: PMC7055569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an upsurge in the study of novel and alternative energy storage devices beyond lithium-based systems due to the exponential increase in price of lithium. Sodium (Na) metal-based batteries can be a possible alternative to lithium-based batteries due to the similar electrochemical voltage of Na and Li together with the thousand times higher natural abundance of Na compared to Li. Though two different kinds of Na-O2 batteries have been studied specifically based on electrolytes until now, very recently, a hybrid Na-air cell has shown distinctive advantage over nonaqueous cell systems. Hybrid Na-air batteries provide a fundamental advantage due to the formation of highly soluble discharge product (sodium hydroxide) which leads to low overpotentials for charge and discharge processes, high electrical energy efficiency, and good cyclic stability. Herein, the current status and challenges associated with hybrid Na-air batteries are reported. Also, a brief description of nonaqueous Na-O2 batteries and its close competition with hybrid Na-air batteries are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyauddin Khan
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
| | - Mikhail Vagin
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
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7
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Galloway TA, Dong JC, Li JF, Attard G, Hardwick LJ. Oxygen reactions on Pt{ hkl} in a non-aqueous Na + electrolyte: site selective stabilisation of a sodium peroxy species. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2956-2964. [PMID: 30996874 PMCID: PMC6427968 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction and evolution reaction in the presence of sodium ions in an organic solvent is studied on well-defined Pt electrode surfaces.
Sodium–oxygen battery cathodes utilise the reversible redox species of oxygen in the presence of sodium ions. However, the oxygen reduction and evolution reaction mechanism is yet to be conclusively determined. In order to examine the part played by surface structure in sodium–oxygen electrochemistry for the development of catalytic materials and structures, a method of preparing clean, well-defined Pt electrode surfaces for adsorption studies in aprotic solvents is described. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), the various stages of oxygen reduction as a function of potential have been determined. It is found that on Pt{111} and Pt{110}-(1 × 1) terraces, a long lived surface sodium peroxide species is formed reversibly, whereas on Pt{100} and polycrystalline electrodes, this species is not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Galloway
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , UK .
| | - Jin-Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Solid Surfaces , University of Xiamen , China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Solid Surfaces , University of Xiamen , China
| | - Gary Attard
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , UK .
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8
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Landa-Medrano I, Ruiz de Larramendi I, Rojo T. Modifying the ORR route by the addition of lithium and potassium salts in Na-O2 batteries. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Rawal SH, McKee WC, Xu Y. Estimation of electric field effects on the adsorption of molecular superoxide species on Au based on density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32626-32635. [PMID: 29192706 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide species are key intermediates in the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) that occur at the cathodes of aprotic metal-air batteries. Herein we report a DFT study of the effects of an externally applied electric field (ε) on the stability of various molecular superoxide species, including MO2 (M = Li, Na, K) and O2-, on gold surfaces, which shows that the stability of such species on Au electrodes can be materially affected by the presence of an electric field and solvent molecules, suggesting that such effects should be included in the first-principles modeling of cathode reactions in metal-O2 cells. In the ε range of ±0.4 V Å-1, the stability of MO2 species is found to vary by up to |0.4| eV on Au(111) and |0.2| eV on Au(211) in vacuo, which is larger than the field effects on the stability of O and OH, key intermediates in the ORR by hydrogen. An aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), considered here via the inclusion of explicit DMSO molecules above the Au surfaces, stabilizes all three MO2 species at zero fields and amplifies the field effects on the stability of MO2, on both Au surfaces. The variations in the stability of the molecular MO2 species with ε, which have small polarizabilities, are closely approximated by the first-order Stark effect (μ0·ε, where μ0 is the static surface dipole moment induced by adsorption at ε = 0 V Å-1). The superoxide anion (O2-) that has been identified on an under-coordinated Au site has a larger polarizability than the MOx species and a μ0 that is opposite in sign to those of the metal MO2 species, which results in larger errors by the first-order approximation, although its stability varies only moderately under positive electric fields of up to 0.4 V Å-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurin H Rawal
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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Frith JT, Landa-Medrano I, Ruiz de Larramendi I, Rojo T, Owen JR, Garcia-Araez N. Improving Na–O2 batteries with redox mediators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12008-12011. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced capacity and decreased overpotential are achieved due to the promotion of the solution-based mechanism in mediated Na–O2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Frith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Imanol Landa-Medrano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena s/n
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Idoia Ruiz de Larramendi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena s/n
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Teófilo Rojo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Barrio Sarriena s/n
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - John R. Owen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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