1
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Raslin A, Sercel ZP, Fridman N, Saltsman I, Gross Z. Surprising Route to a Monoazaporphyrin and Full Characterization of Its Complexes with Five Different 3d Metals. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7828-7837. [PMID: 38631042 PMCID: PMC11061829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the search for mild agents for the oxidative cyclization of tetrapyrromethane to the corresponding corrole, we discovered a route that leads to a monoazaporphyrin with three meso-CF3 groups. Optimization studies that allowed access to appreciable amounts of this new macrocycle paved the way for the preparation of its cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, and iron complexes. All complexes were fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties were determined and compared to those of analogous porphyrins in order to deduce the effect of the peripheral N atom. Considering the global efforts for designing efficient alternatives to platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts, they were also absorbed onto a porous carbon electrode material and studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The cobalt complex was found to be operative at a quite positive catalytic onset potential and with good selectivity for the desirable 4-electrons/4-protons pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Raslin
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zachary P. Sercel
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Irena Saltsman
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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2
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Safonova EA, Kolomeychuk FM, Gvozdev DA, Tsivadze AY, Gorbunova YG. Tuning Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of P(V) Phthalocyanines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031094. [PMID: 36770759 PMCID: PMC9920145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of P(V) phthalocyanines (Pcs) for efficient singlet oxygen (SO) generation was demonstrated for the first time by the example of unsubstituted and α- and β-octabutoxy-substituted P(V)Pcs with hydroxy, methoxy and phenoxy ligands in the apical positions of the octahedral P centre. Variation of substituents in Pc ring and P(V) axial ligands allows careful tuning of photophysical and photochemical properties. Indeed, a combination of BuO groups in the β-positions of the Pc ring and PhO groups as axial ligands provides significant SO generation quantum yields up to 90%; meanwhile, the values of SO generation quantum yields for others investigated compounds vary from 27 to 55%. All the complexes, except α-substituted P(V)Pc, demonstrate fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (10-16%). The introduction of electron-donating butoxy groups, especially in the α-position, increases the photostability of P(V)Pcs. Moreover, it has been shown in the example of β-BuO-substituted P(V) that the photostability depends on the nature of axial ligands and increases in the next row: OPh < OMe < OH. The presence of oxy/hydroxy axial ligands on the P(V) atom makes it possible to switch the photochemical and photophysical properties of P(V)Pcs by changing the acidity of the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A. Safonova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Filipp M. Kolomeychuk
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Gvozdev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Bldg. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ogura Y, Nakano M, Maeda H, Segi M, Furuyama T. Cationic Axial Ligand Effects on Sulfur-Substituted Subphthalocyanines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092766. [PMID: 35566117 PMCID: PMC9105831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of sulfur-substituted boron(III) subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) with cationic axial ligands. Subphthalocyanines were synthesized by a condensation reaction using the corresponding phthalonitriles and boron trichloride as a template. An aminoalkyl group was introduced on the central boron atom; this process was followed by N-methylation to introduce a cationic axial ligand. The peripheral sulfur groups shifted the Q band of SubPcs to a longer wavelength. The cationic axial ligands increased the polarity and enhanced the hydrophilicity of SubPcs. The effect of axial ligands on absorption and fluorescence properties is generally small. However, a further red shift was observed by introducing cationic axial ligands into the sulfur-substituted SubPcs. This change is similar to that in sulfur-substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. The unique effect of the cationic axial ligand was extensively investigated by theoretical calculations and electrochemistry. In particular, the precise oxidation potential was determined using ionization potential measurements. Thus, the results of the present study provide a novel strategy for developing functional dyes and pigments based on SubPcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Ogura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Correspondence:
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4
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Lazovskiy DA, Skvortsov IA, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Phosphorus(V) tetrapyrazinocorrolazines bearing axial aryloxy groups as pH-sensitive fluorophores and photosensitizers. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5687-5698. [PMID: 35322831 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus(V) complexes of octaphenyltetrapyrazinocorrolazine bearing two aryloxy groups in the axial position, [TPyzCAP(OAr)2] (2a-c, Ar = phenyl (2a), 4-dimethylaminophenyl (2b), and 4-hydroxyphenyl (2c)), were prepared using a one-pot procedure by consecutive treatment of the dihydroxidophosphorus(V) derivative, [TPyzCAP(OH)2] (1), with SOCl2 and then with the corresponding phenol ArOH. Complex 2a containing axial PhO groups is fluorescent in all studied solvents (toluene, CH2Cl2, THF, and DMSO, ΦF ∼ 0.16-0.31) and is efficient to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.55 (THF), 0.68 (toluene)). The introduction of NMe2 and OH groups in the para-position of the axial ArO ligands strongly affects the fluorescence parameters and photosensitizing properties due to the appearance of the solvent-sensitive and pH-switchable effects of photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The PET effect of NMe2 groups completely quenches the excited state of 2b in all solvents, but it is switched-OFF upon their protonation, and in the presence of acid traces, the fluorescence of 2b becomes bright and singlet oxygen generation is strongly enhanced. The PET effect of the OH group is increased upon its deprotonation and in the presence of base 2c as well as 1 becomes non-fluorescent. Specific solvation in THF and DMSO increases the ionic character of the OH bonds, and the fluorescence and photosensitizing properties of 1 and 2c are strongly decreased in these solvents. According to the results of DFT calculations performed using the B3LYP functional with the cc-pVDZ basis set and cyclic voltammetric studies, the molecular orbitals localized on aryloxy ligands are destabilized upon the introduction of OH and especially NMe2 groups and their close position to the HOMO of corrolazine macrocycle (above HOMO in 2b and between HOMO and HOMO-1 in 2c) leads to the appearance of the PET effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy A Lazovskiy
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Skvortsov
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Research Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, RF-153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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5
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Ivanova SS, Salnikov DS, Knorr G, Ledovich O, Sliznev V, Kubat P, Novakova V, Stuzhin PA. Water-soluble sulfonated phosphorus(V) corrolazines and porphyrazines: the effect of macrocycle contraction and pyrazine ring fusion on spectral, acid-base and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1364-1377. [PMID: 34935016 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02453a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble dihydroxophosphorus(V) complexes of sulphophenyl substituted porphyrazine (6), corrolazine (7) and its pyrazine fused derivative (8) were prepared and their spectral, acid-base and photophysical properties in aqueous solutions were studied. Due to the presence of eight SO3H groups, the compounds were fully monomeric (7 and 8) or only slightly aggregated (6) in water. Spectrophotometric titration revealed that the two stage deprotonation of axially bonded hydroxy groups can be achieved for porphyrazine 6 (pKa1 = 5.62, pKa2 = 9.13) and pyrazine fused corrolazine 8 (pKa1 = 6.5, pKa2 = 11.7), while only the first dissociation stage could be observed for corrolazine 7 (pKa1 = 9.94). The fluorescence emission of the corrolazines 7, 8 and especially porphyrazine 6 was low in water (ΦF = 0.086, 0.18, and 0.014, respectively) and completely quenched under basic conditions due to photoinduced electron transfer. In comparison with porphyrazine 6, the contraction of the macrocycle in the corrolazines 7 and 8 induced significant improvement of singlet oxygen production in water reaching values of ΦΔ = 0.56 and 0.43, respectively, which makes the corrolazines promising photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. The observed evolution of the electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence quenching observed in a basic medium was explained using the model DFT calculations (cc-pvtz basis set) performed for the dihydroxophosphorus(V) complexes of unsubstituted porphyrazine and corrolazine and their mono- and doubly deprotonated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Ivanova
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Denis S Salnikov
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Gleb Knorr
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Olesja Ledovich
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Valerij Sliznev
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - Pavel Kubat
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel A Stuzhin
- Institute of Macroheterocycles, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia.
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6
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Ishikawa Y, Kameyama T, Torimoto T, Maeda H, Segi M, Furuyama T. Red-light-activatable ruthenium phthalocyanine catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13594-13597. [PMID: 34850783 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine ruthenium complexes were identified as red-light activatable catalysts for trifluoromethylation reactions. The red-light mediated chlorotrifluoromethylation of alkenes could proceed without any sacrificial reducing reagents. This reaction exhibited good compatibility with a blue-light-absorbing substrate, while under irradiation with blue light, i.e., under traditional photoreaction conditions, this substrate decomposed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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7
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Kolomeychuk FM, Safonova EA, Polovkova MA, Sinelshchikova AA, Martynov AG, Shokurov AV, Kirakosyan GA, Efimov NN, Tsivadze AY, Gorbunova YG. Switchable Aromaticity of Phthalocyanine via Reversible Nucleophilic Aromatic Addition to an Electron-Deficient Phosphorus(V) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14053-14058. [PMID: 34423977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reversible nucleophilic addition to a phthalocyanine core was observed for the first time for the electron-deficient cationic phosphorus(V) complex [PcP(OMe)2]+, whose reaction with KOH afforded a highly distorted nonaromatic adduct bearing an OH group at one of the α-pyrrolic carbon atoms. This adduct was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI HRMS, and NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, together with quantum-chemical modeling. The acidic treatment of this adduct restored aromaticity and recovered the starting cationic complex. The reversible aromaticity breakage resulted in dramatic changes in the photophysical properties of the studied complex, which could pave the way to novel switchable Pc-based compounds and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipp M Kolomeychuk
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Safonova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Marina A Polovkova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anna A Sinelshchikova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander G Martynov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander V Shokurov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Gayane A Kirakosyan
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Efimov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yulia G Gorbunova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, bldg. 4, Moscow 119071, Russia
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8
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Furuyama T, Maeda K, Maeda H, Segi M. Chemoselective Synthesis of Aryloxy-Substituted Phthalocyanines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14306-14312. [PMID: 31599149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first examples of 8-fold α-aryloxy-substituted phthalocyanines is described. 3,6-Diiodophthalonitrile was used as a precursor for a series of 3,6-aryloxy-substituted phthalonitriles, and a lead-mediated macrocyclization was employed to afford the corresponding free-base phthalocyanine complexes. The optical, electrochemical, and aggregation properties of these complexes can be tuned by varying the substituents on the aryloxy groups or by changing the pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO , 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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9
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Kimura T, Kudo C, Nakajo S. Preparation and Electrochemical and Optical Properties of
α
‐Alkoxyphthalocyanines with
β
‐Pyridylthio Groups. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University 020–8551 Morioka Iwate 4–3‐5 Ueda Japan
| | - Chiko Kudo
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University 020–8551 Morioka Iwate 4–3‐5 Ueda Japan
| | - Shiduko Nakajo
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University 020–8551 Morioka Iwate 4–3‐5 Ueda Japan
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10
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Furuyama T, Okujima T, Muramatsu K, Takahashi Y, Mikami A, Fukumura T, Mori S, Nakae T, Takase M, Uno H, Kobayashi N. Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Tetrabenzoporphyrin Complexes Bearing Four or Eight Peripheral Phenyl Groups. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Kota Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Akihiro Mikami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Tomoteru Fukumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakae
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology; Shinshu University; Ueda 386-8567 Japan
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11
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Furuyama T, Miyaji Y, Maeda K, Maeda H, Segi M. Extremely Photostable Electron-Deficient Phthalocyanines that Generate High Levels of Singlet Oxygen. Chemistry 2019; 25:1678-1682. [PMID: 30457173 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A robust lead-mediated synthetic procedure for the generation of phthalocyanines substituted with electron-withdrawing groups has been developed. The free-base phthalocyanine and various metal complexes were prepared without discernible degradation of the peripheral electron-withdrawing substituents. Upon irradiation with red light, some of the thus-obtained metal complexes generated high levels of singlet oxygen. In particular, a palladium complex exhibited attractive photostability upon exposure to singlet oxygen as a bleaching agent. The photostability of such complexes that may manifest concomitantly to the generation of high levels of singlet oxygen was attributed to the presence of the electron-withdrawing groups, which results in energetically low-lying highest occupied molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-, 1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyaji
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-, 1192, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-, 1192, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-, 1192, Japan
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-, 1192, Japan
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12
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Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Bicycloaromaticity and Baird-type bicycloaromaticity of dithienothiophene-bridged [34]octaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17705-17713. [PMID: 29942971 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic properties of two recently synthesized dithienothiophene-bridged (DTT) [34]octaphyrins have been investigated by calculating magnetically induced current densities and vertical excitation energies. These intriguing molecules have been proposed to be the first synthesized neutral bicycloaromatic compounds. The triplet state of their dications was even suggested to be Baird-type bicycloaromatic rendering them very interesting as a new prototype of molecules possessing simultaneously the two rare types of aromaticity. Here, we investigate computationally the aromatic properties of the neutral as well as the singly and doubly charged DTT-bridged [34]octaphyrins. Our study provides unambiguous information about changes in the aromatic properties of the DTT-bridged [34]octaphyrins upon oxidation. The calculations identify two independent diatropic ring currents in the neutral DTT-bridged [34]octaphyrins, showing that they are indeed bicycloaromatic. The current-density flow of the two independent ring currents of the bicycloaromatic compounds are visualized and individual aromatic pathways are quantified by performing numerical integration. The calculations show that two independent diatropic ring currents can indeed be sustained by molecules consisting of two aromatic rings that share a common set of π electrons. The current density calculations on the singly charged DTT-bridged [34]octaphyrins show that they are weakly antiaromatic, which does not agree with the suggested aromatic character deduced from spectroscopical studies. The triplet state of the two DTT-bridged [34]octaphyrin cations with very similar molecular structures have unexpectedly different aromatic character. One of them is Baird-type bicycloaromatic, whereas the triplet state of the other dication has one aromatic and one nonaromatic ring, which could not be resolved from available spectroscopical data. Calculations of excitation energies reveal that a simple model cannot be employed for interpreting the electronic excitation spectra of the present molecules, because more than 20 excited states contribute to the spectra above 2.5 eV (500 nm) showing the importance of computations. The present work illustrates how detailed information about molecular aromaticity can nowadays be obtained by scrutinizing calculated current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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13
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Fukui N, Fujimoto K, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Embedding heteroatoms: an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13322-13341. [PMID: 28875206 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02815f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of planarized heteroatom(s) onto the porphyrin periphery is an effective approach to create porphyrin-based functional materials. In the last three decades, such an "embedding heteroatom" strategy has been actively explored in order to realize attractive electronic, optical, and electrochemical properties. This review aims to cover a variety of synthetic methodologies that have been developed for the construction of heteroatom-embedded porphyrins. Moreover, we also summarize their structure-property relationships as well as possible applications in various research fields including artificial photosynthesis, molecular engineering, organic electronics, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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14
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Abe M, Mukotaka H, Fujioka T, Okawara T, Umegaki K, Ono T, Hisaeda Y. First entry into nonmetal-centred porphycenes: synthesis of a phosphorus(v) complex of octaethylporphycene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2487-2491. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis and structural characterization of a phosphorus(v) complex of porphycene, a constitutional isomer of porphyrin, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Abe
- Graduate School of Material Science
- University of Hyogo
- Hyogo 678-1297
- Japan
| | - Hiroto Mukotaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Taro Fujioka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Toru Okawara
- Department of Creative Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Kitakyushu College
- Kokuraminami-ku, Kitakyushu 802-0985
- Japan
| | - Kei Umegaki
- Graduate School of Material Science
- University of Hyogo
- Hyogo 678-1297
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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