1
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Chen R, Craven GT. The effect of temperature oscillations on energy storage rectification in harmonic systems. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:405201. [PMID: 38988144 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5d40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rectification, the preferential transport of a current in one direction through a system, has garnered significant attention in molecules because of its importance for controlling thermal and electronic currents at the nanoscale. Here, we report the presence of energy storage rectification effects in a molecular chain. This phenomenon is generated by subjecting a harmonic molecular chain to an oscillating temperature gradient and showing that the energy absorption rate of the system depends on the direction of the gradient. We examine how the energy storage rectification ratios in the chain are affected by the oscillating gradient, asymmetry in the chain, and the system parameters. We find that energy storage rectification can be observed in harmonic lattice structures with time-dependent temperatures and that, correspondingly, anharmonicity is not required to generate this rectification mechanism in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renai Chen
- Theoretical Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
| | - Galen T Craven
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States of America
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2
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Wang CH, Bian H, Pan CC, Jiang ZY. Near-field thermal rectification via an InSb/graphene/3C–SiC-nanowire heterostructure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES 2023; 194:108581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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3
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Study on Phonon Localization in Silicon Film by Molecular Dynamics. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale thermal cloaks have received extensive attention from researchers. Amorphization, perforation, and concave are commonly used methods for building nanoscale thermal cloaks. However, the comparison of the three methods and the effect of different structural proportions on phonon localization have not been found. Therefore, in this paper, an asymmetrical structure is constructed to study the influence of different structure proportions on phonon localization by amorphization, perforation, and concave silicon film. We first calculated the phonon density of states (PDOS) and the mode participation rate (MPR). To quantitatively explore its influence on phonon localization, we proposed the concept of the degree of phonon localization (DPL) and explored the influence of center and edge effects on phonon localization. We found that for different processing methods, the degree of phonon localization increased with the increase in the processing regions. Compared to the edge, the center had a stronger influence on phonon localization, and the higher the degree of disorder, the stronger the phonon localization. Our research can guide the construction of a nanoscale thermal cloak.
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4
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Thermal Cloaking in Nanoscale Porous Silicon Structure by Molecular Dynamics. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale thermal cloaks have great potential in the thermal protection of microelectronic devices, for example, thermal shielding of thermal components close to the heat source. Researchers have used graphene, crystalline silicon film, and silicon carbide to design a variety of thermal cloaks in different ways. In our previous research, we found that the porous structure has lower thermal conductivity compared to bulk silicon; thus, so we tried to use the porous structure to construct the functional region to control the heat flux. We first calculated the thermal conductivity of crystalline silicon and porous silicon films by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, proving that the porous structure satisfied the conditions for building a thermal cloak. A rectangular cloak with a porous structure was constructed, and a crystalline silicon film was used as a reference to evaluate its performance by the index of the ratio of thermal cloaking. We found that the thermal cloak built with a porous structure could produce an excellent cloaking effect. Lastly, we explain the mechanism of the cloaking phenomenon produced by a porous structure with the help of phonon localization theory. Porous structures have increased porosity compared to bulk silicon and are not conducive to phonon transport, thus producing strong phonon localization and reducing thermal conductivity. Our research expands the construction methods of nanocloaks, expands the application of porous structure materials, and provides a reference for the design of other nanodevices.
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Sun W, Wang Q, Zhang D. Nanoscale Thermal Cloaking in Silicon Film: A Molecular Dynamic Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030935. [PMID: 35160880 PMCID: PMC8839039 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale thermal shielding is becoming increasingly important with the miniaturization of microelectronic devices. They have important uses in the field of thermal design to isolate electronic components. Several nanoscale thermal cloaks based on graphene and crystalline silicon films have been designed and experimentally verified. No study has been found that simultaneously treats the functional region of thermal cloak by amorphization and perforation methods. Therefore, in this paper, we construct a thermal cloak by the above methods, and the ratio of thermal cloaking and response temperature is used to explore its cloaking performance under constant and dynamic temperature boundary. We find that compared with the dynamic boundary, the cloaking effect produced under the constant boundary is more obvious. Under two temperature boundaries, the thermal cloak composed of amorphous and perforated has a better performance and has the least disturbance to the background temperature field. The phonon localization effect produced by the amorphous structure is more obvious than that of the perforated structure. The phonon localization of the functional region is the main reason for the cloaking phenomenon, and the stronger the phonon localization, the lower the thermal conductivity and the more obvious the cloaking effect. Our study extends the nanoscale thermal cloak construction method and facilitates the development of other nanoscale thermal functional devices.
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Zhang G, Koman VB, Shikdar T, Oliver RJ, Perez-Lodeiro N, Strano MS. High Thermal Effusivity Nanocarbon Materials for Resonant Thermal Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006752. [PMID: 33675290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have extraordinary thermal properties, such as high conductivity and stability. Nanocarbon combined with phase change materials (PCMs) can yield exceptionally high thermal effusivity composites optimal for thermal energy harvesting. The progress in synthesis and processing of high effusivity materials, and their application in resonant energy harvesting from temperature variations is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tafsia Shikdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ronald J Oliver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Natalia Perez-Lodeiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Luo X, Luan Y, Cai Y, Shen S. Heterogeneous irradiated-pristine polyethylene nanofiber junction as a high-performance solid-state thermal diode. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5765. [PMID: 33707567 PMCID: PMC7952571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate two types of heterogeneous irradiated-pristine polyethylene nanofiber junctions, ‘heavily-irradiated-pristine’ (HI-P) and ‘lightly-irradiated-pristine’ (LI-P) junctions, as high-performance solid-state thermal diodes. The HI-P junction rectifies heat flux in a single direction, while the LI-P junction shows dual-directional rectification under different working temperatures. We accurately model the phase transition of polyethylene nanofibers with a finite temperature range rather than a step function. The finite-temperature-range model suggests that the rectification factor increases with temperature bias and there is a minimum threshold of temperature bias for notable rectification. Besides, the finite-temperature-range model shows better prediction for the heat flow data from experiments, while the step function model tends to overestimate the rectification performance around the optimal length fraction of irradiation. Although both the models show that an optimal rectification occurs when the interface temperatures in the forward and the reverse biases are equal, the optimized rectification factor is determined by the temperature bias and the temperature range of phase transition. This work elucidates the influence of both the temperature bias and the temperature range of phase transition on thermal rectification performance, which could incredibly benefit the evaluation and design of thermal diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yuxuan Luan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yutian Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Thermal rectification is an exotic thermal transport phenomenon which allows heat to transfer in one direction but block the other. We demonstrate an unusual dual-mode solid-state thermal rectification effect using a heterogeneous "irradiated-pristine" polyethylene nanofiber junction as a nanoscale thermal diode, in which heat flow can be rectified in both directions by changing the working temperature. For the nanofiber samples measured here, we observe a maximum thermal rectification factor as large as ~50%, which only requires a small temperature bias of <10 K. The tunable nanoscale thermal diodes with large rectification and narrow temperature bias open up new possibilities for developing advanced thermal management, energy conversion and, potentially thermophononic technologies.
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Alexander TJ. High-heat-flux rectification due to a localized thermal diode. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062122. [PMID: 32688508 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical implementation of a localized thermal diode with a rectification factor greater than 10^{6} is demonstrated. In reverse thermal bias, extremely low thermal conductivity is achieved through phononic Rayleigh scattering from a finite-depth defect. In forward bias, the diode oscillator escapes the defect and thermal conductivity becomes up to four orders of magnitude higher. The setup provides a minimal model of a localized thermal diode between two identical oscillator chains and opens up a pathway for thermal diode implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram J Alexander
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Zimbovskaya NA. Charge and heat current rectification by a double-dot system within the Coulomb blockade regime. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:325302. [PMID: 32217812 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab83e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale rectifiers are known to have significant nanoelectronic and nanoheatronic applications. In the present work we theoretically analyze rectifying properties of a junction including a couple of quantum dots asymmetrically coupled to the electrodes. The charge and heat current rectification in the system is controlled by the dots occupation numbers and interdot Coulomb interactions. We examine the dependencies of the rectification ratio on the electron energy levels on the dots, on the intensity of electron-electron interactions, on the gate and bias voltages and on the thermal gradients applied across the system. It is shown that the considered double-dot system possesses significant potentialities as a common as well as a heat diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A Zimbovskaya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, PR 00791, United States of America
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11
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Craven GT, He D, Nitzan A. Electron-Transfer-Induced Thermal and Thermoelectric Rectification. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:247704. [PMID: 30608770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.247704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the direction and magnitude of both heat and electronic currents using rectifiers has significant implications for the advancement of molecular circuit design. In order to facilitate the implementation of new transport phenomena in such molecular structures, we examine thermal and thermoelectric rectification effects that are induced by an electron transfer process that occurs across a temperature gradient between molecules. Historically, the only known heat conduction mechanism able to generate thermal rectification in purely molecular environments is phononic heat transport. Here, we show that electron transfer between molecular sites with different local temperatures can also generate a thermal rectification effect and that electron hopping through molecular bridges connecting metal leads at different temperatures gives rise to asymmetric Seebeck effects, that is, thermoelectric rectification, in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen T Craven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dahai He
- Department of Physics and Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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12
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Wang J, Zhu H, Li BG, Zhu S. Interconnected Porous Monolith Prepared via UiO-66 Stabilized Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion Template. Chemistry 2018; 24:16426-16431. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - He Zhu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
- School of Science and Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S4L7 Canada
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13
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Wang S, Li J, Qi M, Gao X, Wang WJ. Toward Maximizing the Mechanical Property of Interconnected Macroporous Polystyrenes Made from High Internal Phase Emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14295-14303. [PMID: 29206047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous materials polymerized from high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) possess well-defined interconnected porous structures and tunable device shapes. This provides interesting property characteristics well-suited for a variety of applications. However, such materials also demonstrate poor mechanical performances, which limit their potential use. As will be demonstrated, this results from the high surfactant content required by PolyHIPEs. Herein, a new approach is introduced for designing a highly efficient polymeric surfactant, which generates interconnected pores in PolyHIPEs through designing an incompatible surfactant and skeleton material. The surfactant also possesses a hyperbranched topology, which combines the strong amphipathy of small molecular surfactants and the nanosphere structure of Pickering emulsifiers to provide an excellent colloidal stability to HIPEs. A hyperbranched polyethylene having pendant sodium sulfonate groups (HBPE-SO3Na) was thus designed and synthesized via chain walking copolymerization of ethylene and 2-trimethylsilyloxyethyl acrylate followed by sulfonation. Stable HIPEs of styrene/divinylbenzene and water at a weight ratio of 1 to 5 were obtained with using HBPE-SO3Na. The polymerization of HIPEs produced interconnected macroporous polystyrenes (PSs) at a substantially lower surfactant content, for example, 0.5 wt % HBPE-SO3Na. The compressive Young's moduli of PolyHIPEs reached 104-111 MPa with 0.5-2 wt % HBPE-SO3Na, which is the first reported case of a PS-based PolyHIPE achieving its theoretical modulus. The PolyHIPE was used to support Au nanoparticles and embed in a column for oxidation of dimethylphenylsilane. A complete conversion of dimethylphenylsilanol was achieved with low column back pressure in a 50 h continuous reaction with no degradation of PolyHIPE integrity and mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Qi
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
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Wu B, Shi L, Zhang Q, Wang WJ. Microencapsulation of 1-hexadecanol as a phase change material with reversible thermochromic properties. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06764j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microencapsulated reversible thermochromic phase change materials prepared through complex coacervation with two-step crosslinking reactions possessing good thermal and color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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