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Lenzi V, Ramos MMD, Marques LSA. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of end-cross-linked nanogels. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1859111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veniero Lenzi
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marta M. D. Ramos
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís S. A. Marques
- Center of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Karg M, Pich A, Hellweg T, Hoare T, Lyon LA, Crassous JJ, Suzuki D, Gumerov RA, Schneider S, Potemkin II, Richtering W. Nanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6231-6255. [PMID: 30998365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels and microgels are soft, deformable, and penetrable objects with an internal gel-like structure that is swollen by the dispersing solvent. Their softness and the potential to respond to external stimuli like temperature, pressure, pH, ionic strength, and different analytes make them interesting as soft model systems in fundamental research as well as for a broad range of applications, in particular in the field of biological applications. Recent tremendous developments in their synthesis open access to systems with complex architectures and compositions allowing for tailoring microgels with specific properties. At the same time state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation approaches offer deeper understanding of the behavior and structure of nano- and microgels under external influences and confinement at interfaces or at high volume fractions. Developments in the experimental analysis of nano- and microgels have become particularly important for structural investigations covering a broad range of length scales relevant to the internal structure, the overall size and shape, and interparticle interactions in concentrated samples. Here we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, recent developments as well as emerging trends in the field of nano- and microgels. The following aspects build the focus of our discussion: tailoring (multi)functionality through synthesis; the role in biological and biomedical applications; the structure and properties as a model system, e.g., for densely packed arrangements in bulk and at interfaces; as well as the theory and computer simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I , Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf , 40204 Duesseldorf , Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry , Bielefeld University , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology , Chapman University , Orange , California 92866 , United States
| | - J J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | | | - Rustam A Gumerov
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- DWI-Leibnitz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V. , 52056 Aachen , Germany
- Physics Department , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russian Federation
- National Research South Ural State University , Chelyabinsk 454080 , Russian Federation
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
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Drozdov AD, deClaville Christiansen J. Macroporous temperature-sensitive gels with fast response: Comparison of preparation methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey D. Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production; Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16; Aalborg 9220 Denmark
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Lopez CG, Richtering W. Does Flory-Rehner theory quantitatively describe the swelling of thermoresponsive microgels? SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8271-8280. [PMID: 29071323 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The swelling of thermoresponsive microgels is widely modelled through Flory-Rehner theory, which combines Flory-Huggins solution thermodynamics with the affine network model of elasticity. While it has been shown that FR theory closely follows experimental results for a range of systems, the large number of free parameters required to fit size vs. temperature data make a proper evaluation of the theory difficult. In order to test the applicability of FR theory to microgel particles, we analyse viscosity and light scattering data for PNIPAM microgels as a function of temperature, cross-linking degree (f) and molar mass. In the collapsed state, the polymer volume fraction is estimated to be ϕC ≃ 0.44, independent of cross linking degree and molar mass. Fixing ϕC, f and the θ temperature to independent estimates, the FR model appears to describe microgel swelling well, particularly for high cross-linking densities. Estimates for the various fit parameters differ from earlier reports by an order of magnitude. A comparison of the χ parameter obtained from FR theory with values for the linear polymer reveals that the agreement between experiment and theory is somewhat fortuitous. Although the FR model can accurately describe experimental data, the accuracy of the obtained fit parameters is significantly poorer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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