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Rentería-Baltiérrez FY, Reyes-Melo ME, Puente-Córdova JG, López-Walle B. Application of fractional calculus in the mechanical and dielectric correlation model of hybrid polymer films with different average molecular weight matrices. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Calucci L, Pizzanelli S, Mandoli A, Birczyński A, Lalowicz ZT, De Monte C, Ricci L, Bronco S. Unravelling Main- and Side-Chain Motions in Polymers with NMR Spectroscopy and Relaxometry: The Case of Polyvinyl Butyral. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2686. [PMID: 34451226 PMCID: PMC8398131 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is an amorphous polymer employed in many technological applications. In order to highlight the relationships between macroscopic properties and dynamics at a microscopic level, motions of the main-chain and of the propyl side-chains were investigated between Tg - 288 °C and Tg + 55 °C, with Tg indicating the glass transition temperature. To this aim, a combination of solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods was applied to two purposely synthesized PVB isotopomers: one fully protonated and the other perdeuterated on the side-chains. 1H time domain NMR and 1H field cycling NMR relaxometry experiments, performed across and above Tg, revealed that the dynamics of the main-chain corresponds to the α-relaxation associated to the glass transition, which was previously characterized by dielectric spectroscopy. A faster secondary relaxation was observed for the first time and ascribed to side-chains. The geometry and rate of motions of the different groups in the side-chains were characterized below Tg by 2H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calucci
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzanelli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mandoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Artur Birczyński
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław T. Lalowicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Cristina De Monte
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Lucia Ricci
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bronco
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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Matsumoto T, Yorifuji M, Sugiyama Y, Nishino T. Butyralization of poly(vinyl alcohol) under supercritical carbon dioxide for a humidity-resistant adhesive to glass substrates. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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PVB/ATO Nanocomposites for Glass Coating Applications: Effects of Nanoparticles on the PVB Matrix. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Films made of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles (NPs), both uncoated and surface-modified with an alkoxysilane, were prepared by solution casting at filler volume fractions ranging from 0.08% to 4.5%. The films were characterized by standard techniques including transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the polymeric matrix, the primary NPs (diameter ~10 nm) aggregate exhibiting different morphologies depending on the presence of the surface coating. Coated ATO NPs form spherical particles (with a diameter of 300–500 nm), whereas more elongated fractal structures (with a thickness of ~250 nm and length of tens of micrometers) are formed by uncoated NPs. The fraction of the polymer interacting with the NPs is always negligible. In agreement with this finding, DSC data did not reveal any rigid interface and 1H time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fast field-cycling NMR did not show significant differences in polymer dynamics among the different samples. The ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) transmittance of the films decreased compared to pure PVB, especially in the NIR range. The solar direct transmittance and the light transmittance were extracted from the spectra according to CEN EN 410/2011 in order to test the performance of our films as plastic layers in laminated glass for glazing.
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