1
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Zhao Z, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Li A, Zhu T, Chen X, Yuan WZ. Photochromic luminescence of organic crystals arising from subtle molecular rearrangement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5054. [PMID: 38871698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) colour-changing materials in response to photostimulus play an increasingly significant role in intelligent applications for their programmability. Nevertheless, current research mainly focuses on photochemical processes, with less attention to PL transformation through uniform aggregation mode adjustment. Here we show photochromic luminescence in organic crystals (e.g. dimethyl terephthalate) with PL varying from dark blue to purple, then to bright orange-red, and finally to red. This change is attributed to the emergence of clusters with red emission, which is barely achieved in single-benzene-based structures, thanks to the subtle molecular rearrangements prompted by light. Crucial to this process are the through-space electron interactions among molecules and moderate short contacts between ester groups. The irradiated crystals exhibit reversible PL transformation upon sufficient relaxation, showing promising applications in information storage and smart optoelectronic devices. This research contributes to the development of smart photochromic luminescent materials with significant PL colour transformations through molecular rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusong Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anze Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Miyazaki M, Ono M, Otsuka R, Dopfer O, Fujii M. Electronic and vibrational spectroscopies of aromatic clusters with He in a supersonic jet: The case of neutral and cationic phenol-Hen (n = 1 and 2). J Chem Phys 2023; 159:134303. [PMID: 37787127 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals clusters composed of He and aromatic molecules provide fundamental information about intermolecular interactions in weakly bound systems. In this study, phenol-helium clusters (PhOH-Hen with n ≤ 2) are characterized for the first time by UV and IR spectroscopies. The S1 ← S0 origin and ionization energy both show small but additive shifts, suggesting π-bound structures of these clusters, a conclusion supported by rotational contour analyses of the S1 origin bands. The OH stretching vibrations of the PhOH moiety in the clusters match with those of bare PhOH in both the S0 and D0 states, illustrating the negligible perturbation of the He atoms on the molecular vibration. Matrix shifts induced by He attachment are discussed based on the observed band positions with the help of complementary quantum chemical calculations. For comparison, the UV and ionization spectra of PhOH-Ne are reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Megumi Ono
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Remina Otsuka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Institute of Innovation Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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3
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Sussardi AN, Turner GF, Richardson JG, Spackman MA, Turley AT, McGonigal PR, Jones AC, Moggach SA. Tandem High-Pressure Crystallography-Optical Spectroscopy Unpacks Noncovalent Interactions of Piezochromic Fluorescent Molecular Rotors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19780-19789. [PMID: 37649399 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop luminescent molecular materials with predictable and stimuli-responsive emission, it is necessary to correlate changes in their geometries, packing structures, and noncovalent interactions with the associated changes in their optical properties. Here, we demonstrate that high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction can be combined with high-pressure UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies to elucidate how subtle changes in structure influence optical outputs. A piezochromic aggregation-induced emitter, sym-heptaphenylcycloheptatriene (Ph7C7H), displays bathochromic shifts in its absorption and emission spectra at high pressure. Parallel X-ray measurements identify the pressure-induced changes in specific phenyl-phenyl interactions responsible for the piezochromism. Pairs of phenyl rings from neighboring molecules approach the geometry of a stable benzene dimer, while conformational changes alter intramolecular phenyl-phenyl interactions correlated with a relaxed excited state. This tandem crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis provides insights into how subtle structural changes relate to the photophysical properties of Ph7C7H and could be applied to a library of similar compounds to provide general structure-property relationships in fluorescent organic molecules with rotor-like geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alif N Sussardi
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Gemma F Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | | | - Mark A Spackman
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
- School of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Anita C Jones
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, U.K
| | - Stephen A Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
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4
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Sui WB, Huang LS, Wang XL, Zhou X, Sun YQ, Xiu ZL. Extractive adsorption of 1,3-propanediol on a novel polystyrene macroporous resin enclosing medium and long-chain alcohols as extractant. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:28. [PMID: 38647882 PMCID: PMC10991625 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extractive adsorption is an integrated separation method employing a novel resin with both particle and liquid characteristics in terms of adsorption and extraction. In this study, the novel extractive adsorption polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) macroporous resin was synthesized by suspension polymerization, in which n-octanol (OL-PS-DVB) or mixed alcohols of n-octanol, undecyl alcohol, and tetradecyl alcohol (MA-PS-DVB) were added as porogen and enclosed in the resin skeleton after the reaction. The characterization of the two novel resins of OL-PS-DVB and MA-PS-DVB showed that they have large specific surface areas of 48.7 and 17.4 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, the two synthesized resins have much higher static adsorption capacities of 1,3-propanediol (511 and 473 mg/g) and dynamic adsorption capacities (312 and 267 mg/g) than traditional resins, because extractants enclosed in the resin can increase the adsorption capacity. Through Langmuir equation, the theoretical static maximum adsorption capacity of the mixed alcohols resin is 515 mg/g at 298 K and Gibbs free energy change of adsorption was -3781 J/mol, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous. In addition, the sorbent concentration effect in the resin was generated at high 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) concentrations. The fitting of the Flocculation model can reveal that there is a possible relation between adsorption and flocculation. Compared to OL-PS-DVB, MA-PS-DVB showed better performance in the recovery yield of 1,3-PDO and other byproducts, the removal rates of the inorganic salt and protein, and the efficiency of recycled resin. For MA-PS-DVB, the recovery of 1,3-PDO, butyrate acid, acetic acid, and residual glycerol was 97.1%, 94.7%, 93.3%, and 90.3%, respectively. Simultaneously, the resin of MA-PS-DVB could remove 93.8% of inorganic salts and 90.9% of proteins in the concentrated fermentation broth. The two synthesized resins of OL-PS-DVB and MA-PS-DVB still had 90% or 92% of capacity for extractive adsorption of 1,3-propanediol after 10 times of recycling, which exhibited potential application in the separation of 1,3-propanediol from fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Sui
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024
| | - Lu-Sheng Huang
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024
| | - Ya-Qin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024.
| | - Zhi-Long Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116024
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5
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real-time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda-dimer by Ultrafast Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114474. [PMID: 35075813 PMCID: PMC9306572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In π‐conjugated organic photovoltaic materials, an excimer state has been generally regarded as a trap state which hinders efficient excitation energy transport. But despite wide investigations of the excimer for overcoming the undesirable energy loss, the understanding of the relationship between the structure of the excimer in stacked organic compounds and its properties remains elusive. Here, we present the landscape of structural dynamics from the excimer formation to its relaxation in a co‐facially stacked archetypical perylene bisimide folda‐dimer using ultrafast time‐domain Raman spectroscopy. We directly captured vibrational snapshots illustrating the ultrafast structural evolution triggering the excimer formation along the interchromophore coordinate on the complex excited‐state potential surfaces and following evolution into a relaxed excimer state. Not only does this work showcase the ultrafast structural dynamics necessary for the excimer formation and control of excimer characteristics but also provides important criteria for designing the π‐conjugated organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, Illinois, USA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, 22012, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real‐time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda‐dimer by Ultrafast Time‐Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu 22012 Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
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7
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Miyazaki M, Kamiya T, Wohlgemuth M, Chatterjee K, Mitrić R, Dopfer O, Fujii M. Real-time observation of photoionization-induced water migration dynamics in 4-methylformanilide-water by picosecond time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:73-85. [PMID: 34633007 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopic approach that enables to keep high resolution in both the time and energy domain, nanosecond excitation-picosecond ionization-picosecond infrared probe (ns-ps-ps TRIR) spectroscopy, has been applied to the trans-4-methylformanilide-water (4MetFA-W) cluster. Water migration dynamics from the CO to the NH binding site in a peptide linkage triggered by photoionization of 4MetFA-W is directly monitored by the ps time evolution of IR spectra, and the presence of an intermediate state is revealed. The time evolution is analyzed by rate equations based on a four-state model of the migration dynamics. Time constants for the initial to the intermediate and hot product and to the final product are obtained. The acceleration of the dynamics by methyl substitution and the strong contribution of intracluster vibrational energy redistribution in the termination of the solvation dynamics is suggested. This picture is well confirmed by the ab initio on-the-fly molecular dynamics simulations. Vibrational assignments of 4MetFA and 4MetFA-W in the neutral (S0 and S1) and ionic (D0) electronic states measured by ns IR dip and electron-impact IR photodissociation spectroscopy are also discussed prior to the results of time-resolved spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Natural Science Division, Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan. .,Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tairiku Kamiya
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Matthias Wohlgemuth
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany. .,World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,World Research Hub Initiatives, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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8
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Schmitt HC, Fischer I, Ji L, Merz J, Marder TB, Hoche J, Röhr MIS, Mitric R. Isolated 2-hydroxypyrene and its dimer: a frequency- and time-resolved spectroscopic study. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated isolated 2-hydroxypyrene and its dimer in the gas phase by time- and frequency-resolved photoionisation with picosecond time-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Schmitt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Mixed Electronic States in Molecular Dimers: Connecting Singlet Fission, Excimer Formation, and Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1957-1968. [PMID: 32786248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusChromophore aggregates are capable of a wide variety of excited-state dynamics that are potentially of great use in optoelectronic devices based on organic molecules. For example, singlet fission, the process by which a singlet exciton is down converted into two triplet excitons, holds promise for extending the efficiency of solar cells, while other processes, such as excimer formation, are commonly regarded as parasitic pathways or traps. Other processes, such as symmetry-breaking charge transfer, where the excited dimer charge separates into a radical ion pair, can be both a trap and potentially useful in devices, depending on the context. Thus, an understanding of the precise mechanisms of each of these processes is vital to designing tailor-made organic chromophores for molecular optoelectronics.These excited-state phenomena have each been well-studied in recent years and show tantalizing connections as the molecular systems and environments are subtly changed. These seemingly disparate phenomena can be described within the same unifying framework, where each case can be represented as one point in continuum of mixed states. The coherent mixed state is observed experimentally, and it collapses to each of the limiting cases under well-defined conditions. This framework is especially useful in demonstrating the connections between these different states so that we can determine the factors that control their evolution and may ultimately guide the state mixtures to the product state of choice. The emerging picture shows that tuning the electronic coupling through proper arrangement of the chromophores must accompany environmental tuning of the chromophore energies to produce a fully mixed state. Changes in either of these quantities leads to evolution of the admixture and ultimately collapsing the superposition onto a given state, producing one of the photophysical pathways discussed above.In our laboratory, we are utilizing covalent dimers to precisely arrange the chromophores in rigid, well-defined geometries to systematically study the factors that determine the degree of state mixing and its fate. We interrogate these dynamics with transient absorption spectroscopy from the UV continuously into the mid-infrared, along with time-resolved Raman and emission and magnetic resonance spectroscopies to build a complete and detailed molecular level picture of the dynamics of these dimers. The knowledge gained from dimer studies can also be applied to the understanding the dynamics in extended molecular solids. The insight afforded by these studies will help guide the creation of new designer chromophores with control over the fate of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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do Casal MT, Cardozo TM. Impact of low-cost methods in the description of excimer and exciplex formation: pyrene–pyrene and pyrene–naphthalene case studies. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3351-3355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Cardozo TM, Galliez AP, Borges I, Plasser F, Aquino AJA, Barbatti M, Lischka H. Dynamics of benzene excimer formation from the parallel-displaced dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:13916-13924. [PMID: 30570626 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06354k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Excimers play a key role in a variety of excited-state processes, such as exciton trapping, fluorescence quenching, and singlet-fission. The dynamics of benzene excimer formation in the first 2 ps after S1 excitation from the parallel-displaced geometry of the benzene dimer is reported here. It was simulated via nonadiabatic surface-hopping dynamics using the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)). After excitation, the benzene rings take ∼0.5-1.0 ps to approach each other in a parallel-stacked structure of the S1 minimum and stay in the excimer region for ∼0.1-0.4 ps before leaving due to excess vibrational energy. The S1-S2 gap widens considerably while the rings visit the excimer region in the potential energy surface. Our work provides detailed insight into correlations between nuclear and electronic structure in the excimer and shows that decreased ring distance goes along with enhanced charge transfer and that fast exciton transfer happens between the rings, leading to the equal probability of finding the exciton in each ring after around 1.0 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Messias Cardozo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Andre Pessoa Galliez
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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Bernhard D, Dietrich F, Fatima M, Pérez C, Gottschalk HC, Wuttke A, Mata RA, Suhm MA, Schnell M, Gerhards M. The phenyl vinyl ether-methanol complex: a model system for quantum chemistry benchmarking. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1642-1654. [PMID: 30013690 PMCID: PMC6036964 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the isolated aggregate of phenyl vinyl ether and methanol is studied by combining a multi-spectroscopic approach and quantum-chemical calculations in order to investigate the delicate interplay of noncovalent interactions. The complementary results of vibrational and rotational spectroscopy applied in molecular beam experiments reveal the preference of a hydrogen bond of the methanol towards the ether oxygen (OH∙∙∙O) over the π-docking motifs via the phenyl and vinyl moieties, with an additional less populated OH∙∙∙P(phenyl)-bound isomer detected only by microwave spectroscopy. The correct prediction of the energetic order of the isomers using quantum-chemical calculations turns out to be challenging and succeeds with a sophisticated local coupled cluster method. The latter also yields a quantification as well as a visualization of London dispersion, which prove to be valuable tools for understanding the role of dispersion on the docking preferences. Beyond the structural analysis of the electronic ground state (S0), the electronically excited (S1) state is analyzed, in which a destabilization of the OH∙∙∙O structure compared to the S0 state is observed experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Bernhard
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Dietrich
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mariyam Fatima
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannes C Gottschalk
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin A Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Fachbereich Chemie & Research Center Optimas, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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15
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Miyazaki M, Naito A, Ikeda T, Klyne J, Sakota K, Sekiya H, Dopfer O, Fujii M. Real-time observation of the photoionization-induced water rearrangement dynamics in the 5-hydroxyindole-water cluster by time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3079-3091. [PMID: 29143839 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvation plays an essential role in controlling the mechanism and dynamics of chemical reactions in solution. The present study reveals that changes in the local solute-solvent interaction have a great impact on the timescale of solvent rearrangement dynamics. Time-resolved IR spectroscopy has been applied to a hydration rearrangement reaction in the monohydrated 5-hydroxyindole-water cluster induced by photoionization of the solute molecule. The water molecule changes the stable hydration site from the indolic NH site to the substituent OH site, both of which provide a strongly attractive potential for hydration. The rearrangement time constant amounts to 8 ± 2 ns, and is further slowed down by a factor of more than five at lower excess energy. These rearrangement times are slower by about three orders of magnitude than those reported for related systems where the water molecule is repelled from a repulsive part of the interaction potential toward an attractive well. The excess energy dependence of the time constant is well reproduced by RRKM theory. Differences in the reaction mechanism are discussed on the basis of energy relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 R1-15, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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16
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Bernhard D, Holzer C, Dietrich F, Stamm A, Klopper W, Gerhards M. The Structure of Diphenyl Ether-Methanol in the Electronically Excited and Ionic Ground States: A Combined IR/UV Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3634-3641. [PMID: 29024275 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl ether offers competing docking sites for methanol: the ether oxygen acts as a common hydrogen-bond acceptor and the π system of each phenyl ring allows for OH-π interactions driven by electrostatic, induction, and dispersion forces. Based on investigations in the electronic ground state (S0 ), we present a detailed study of the electronically excited state (S1 ) and the ionic ground state (D0 ), in which an impact on the structural preference is expected compared with the S0 state. Dispersion forces in the electronically excited state were analyzed by comparing the computed binding energies at the coupled-cluster-singles (CCS) and approximate coupled-cluster-singles-doubles levels of theory (CC2 approximation). By applying UV/IR/UV spectroscopy, we found a more strongly bound OH-π structure in the S1 state compared with the S0 state, in agreement with spin-component-scaled CC2 calculations. A structural rearrangement into a non-hydrogen-bonded structure takes places upon ionization in the D0 state, which was revealed by using IR photodissociation spectroscopy and confirmed by theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Bernhard
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christof Holzer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Abteilung für Theoretische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Dietrich
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anke Stamm
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Abteilung für Theoretische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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17
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Phelan BT, Mauck CM, Stoddart JF, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Probing Distance Dependent Charge-Transfer Character in Excimers of Extended Viologen Cyclophanes Using Femtosecond Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14265-14276. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Catherine M. Mauck
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, and Institute for
Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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