1
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Enami S, Numadate N, Hama T. Atmospheric Intermediates at the Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5419-5434. [PMID: 38968003 PMCID: PMC11264275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The air-water interface (AWI) is a ubiquitous reaction field different from the bulk phase where unexpected reactions and physical processes often occur. The AWI is a region where air contacts cloud droplets, aerosol particles, the ocean surface, and biological surfaces such as fluids that line human epithelia. In Earth's atmosphere, short-lived intermediates are expected to be generated at the AWI during multiphase reactions. Recent experimental developments have enabled the direct detection of atmospherically relevant, short-lived intermediates at the AWI. For example, spray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of water microjets exposed to a gaseous mixture of ozone and water vapor combined with a 266 nm laser flash photolysis system (LFP-SIMS) has been used to directly probe organic peroxyl radicals (RO2·) produced by interfacial hydroxyl radicals (OH·) + organic compound reactions. OH· emitted immediately after the laser flash photolysis of carboxylic acid at the gas-liquid interface have been directly detected by time-resolved, laser-induced florescence techniques that can be used to study atmospheric multiphase photoreactions. In this Featured Article, we show some recent experimental advances in the detection of atmospherically important intermediates at the AWI and the associated reaction mechanisms. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects for atmospheric multiphase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Naoki Numadate
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Komaba
Institute for Science and Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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2
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Liang Q, Zhu C, Yang J. Water Charge Transfer Accelerates Criegee Intermediate Reaction with H 2O - Radical Anion at the Aqueous Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10159-10166. [PMID: 37011411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important carbonyl oxides that may react with atmospheric trace chemicals and impact the global climate. The CI reaction with water has been widely studied and is a main channel for trapping CIs in the troposphere. Previous experimental and computational reports have largely focused on reaction kinetic processes in various CI-water reactions. The molecular-level origin of CI's interfacial reactivity at the water microdroplet surface (e.g., as found in aerosols and clouds) is unclear. In this study, by employing the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with the local second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, our computational results reveal a substantial water charge transfer up to ∼20% per water, which creates the surface H2O+/H2O- radical pairs to enhance the CH2OO and anti-CH3CHOO reactivity with water: the resulting strong CI-H2O- electrostatic attraction at the microdroplet surface facilitates the nucleophilic attack to the CI carbonyl by water, which may counteract the apolar hindrance of the substituent to accelerate the CI-water reaction. Our statistical analysis of the molecular dynamics trajectories further resolves a relatively long-lived bound CI(H2O-) intermediate state at the air/water interface, which has not been observed in gaseous CI reactions. This work provides insights into what may alter the oxidizing power of the troposphere by the next larger CIs than simple CH2OO and implicates a new perspective on the role of interfacial water charge transfer in accelerating molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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3
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Xia D, Chen J, Xie HB, Zhong J, Francisco JS. Counterintuitive Oxidation of Alcohols at Air-Water Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4791-4799. [PMID: 36795890 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that the oxidation of alcohols can rapidly occur at air-water interfaces. It was found that methanediols (HOCH2OH) orient at air-water interfaces with a H atom of the -CH2- group pointing toward the gaseous phase. Counterintuitively, gaseous hydroxyl radicals do not prefer to attack the exposed -CH2- group but the -OH group that forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules at the surface via a water-promoted mechanism, leading to the formation of formic acids. Compared with gaseous oxidation, the water-promoted mechanism at the air-water interface significantly lowers free-energy barriers from ∼10.7 to ∼4.3 kcal·mol-1 and therefore accelerates the formation of formic acids. The study unveils a previously overlooked source of environmental organic acids that are bound up with aerosol formation and water acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian Key Laboratory on Chemicals Risk Control and Pollution Prevention Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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4
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He J, Zhang H, Wang W, Ma Y, Yang M, He Y, Liu Z, Yu K, Jiang J. Probing autoxidation of oleic acid at air-water interface: A neglected and significant pathway for secondary organic aerosols formation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113232. [PMID: 35398317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids have been proposed to be a potential source of precursors for SOAs, but the autoxidation process was neglected in the oxidation studies. Here, the autoxidation of oleic acid was explored using microdroplet mass spectrometry. Bulk solution, concentration and solvent composition experiments provided direct evidences for that the autoxidation occurred at or near the air-water interface. The kinetic data showed an acceleration at this interface and was comparable to ozonation, indicating that autoxidation is an important pathway for SOAs formation. In addition, intermediates/products were captured and identified using tandem mass spectrometry, spin-trapping and quenched agents. The autoxidation mechanism was divided into addition intermediates (AIs) and Criegee intermediates (CIs) pathways mediated by hydroxyl radicals (OH). The CI chemistry which is ubiquitous in gas phase was observed at the air-water interface, and this leaded to the mass/volume loss of aerosols. Inversely, the AI chemistry caused the increase of mass, density and hygroscopicity of aerosols. AI chemistry was dominated compared to CI chemistry, but varied by concerning aerosol sizes, ultraviolet light (UV) and charge. Moreover, the MS approach of selectively probing the interfacial substances at the scale of sub-seconds opens new opportunities to study heterogeneous chemistry in atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China.
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Yingxue Ma
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Yuwei He
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China.
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5
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Abstract
The fates of organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) in atmospheric condensed phases are key to understanding the oxidative and toxicological potentials of particulate matter. Recently, mass spectrometric detection of ROOHs as chloride anion adducts has revealed that liquid-phase α-hydroxyalkyl hydroperoxides, derived from hydration of carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates), decompose to geminal diols and H2O2 over a time frame that is sensitively dependent on the water content, pH, and temperature of the reaction solution. Based on these findings, it has been proposed that H+-catalyzed conversion of ROOHs to ROHs + H2O2 is a key process for the decomposition of ROOHs that bypasses radical formation. In this perspective, we discuss our current understanding of the aqueous-phase decomposition of atmospherically relevant ROOHs, including ROOHs derived from reaction between Criegee intermediates and alcohols or carboxylic acids, and of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs). Implications and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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6
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Tang B, Li Z. Molecular Mechanisms and Atmospheric Implications of Criegee Intermediate-Alcohol Chemistry in the Gas Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8585-8593. [PMID: 32946233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates and alcohols are important species in the atmosphere. In this study, we use quantum chemistry and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations to investigate the reaction between methanol/ethanol and Criegee intermediates (anti- or syn-CH3CHOO) in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Reactions at the interface are found to be much faster than those in the gas phase. When water molecules are available, loop structures can be formed to facilitate the reaction. In addition, nonloop reaction pathways characterized by the formation of hydrated protons, although with a low possibility, are also identified at the air-water interface. Implications of our results on the fate of Criegee intermediates in the atmosphere are discussed, which deepen our understanding of Criegee intermediate-alcohol chemistry in humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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7
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16140-16155. [PMID: 32833454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry on water is a fascinating area of research. The surface of water and the interfaces between water and air or hydrophobic media represent asymmetric environments with unique properties that lead to unexpected solvation effects on chemical and photochemical processes. Indeed, the features of interfacial reactions differ, often drastically, from those of bulk-phase reactions. In this Perspective, we focus on photoinduced oxidation reactions, which have attracted enormous interest in recent years because of their implications in many areas of chemistry, including atmospheric and environmental chemistry, biology, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. We have chosen a few representative examples of photoinduced oxidation reactions to focus on in this Perspective. Although most of these examples are taken from the field of atmospheric chemistry, they were selected because of their broad relevance to other areas. First, we outline a series of processes whose photochemistry generates hydroxyl radicals. These OH precursors include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and sulfur dioxide. Second, we discuss processes involving the photooxidation of organic species, either directly or via photosensitization. The photochemistry of pyruvic acid and fatty acid, two examples that demonstrate the complexity and versatility of this kind of chemistry, is described. Finally, we discuss the physicochemical factors that can be invoked to explain the kinetics and thermodynamics of photoinduced oxidation reactions at aqueous interfaces and analyze a number of challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-631, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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8
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Qiu J, Tonokura K, Enami S. Proton-Catalyzed Decomposition of α-Hydroxyalkyl-Hydroperoxides in Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10561-10569. [PMID: 32786584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the atmosphere, most biogenic terpenes undergo ozonolysis in the presence of water to form reactive α-hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-HHs), and the lifetimes of these α-HHs are a key parameter for understanding the processes that occur during the aging of atmospheric particles. We previously reported that α-HHs generated by ozonolysis of terpenes decompose in water to give H2O2 and the corresponding aldehydes, which undergo hydration to form gem-diols. Herein, we report that this decomposition process was dramatically accelerated by acidification of the water with oxalic, acetic, hexanoic, cis-pinonic, or hydrochloric acid. In acidic solution, the temporal profiles of the α-HHs, detected as their chloride adducts by electrospray mass spectrometry, showed single-exponential decays in the pH range from 4.1 to 6.1, and the first-order rate coefficients (k) for the decays increased with decreasing pH. The lifetime of the α-HH derived from α-terpineol was 128 min (k = (1.3 ± 0.4) × 10-4 s-1) at pH 6.1 but only 8 min (k = (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10-3 s-1) at pH 4.1. Because the rate coefficients increased as the pH decreased and the increase depended on pH rather than on the properties of the acid, we propose that the decomposition of the α-HHs in water was specifically catalyzed by H+. Fast H+-catalyzed decomposition of α-HHs could be an important source of H2O2 and multifunctionalized compounds found in ambient atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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9
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Chhantyal-Pun R, Khan MAH, Taatjes CA, Percival CJ, Orr-Ewing AJ, Shallcross DE. Criegee intermediates: production, detection and reactivity. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1792104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Carl J. Percival
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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10
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Ruiz-Lopez MF, Francisco JS, Martins-Costa MTC, Anglada JM. Molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:459-475. [PMID: 37127962 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review aims to critically analyse the emerging field of chemical reactivity at aqueous interfaces. The subject has evolved rapidly since the discovery of the so-called 'on-water catalysis', alluding to the dramatic acceleration of reactions at the surface of water or at its interface with hydrophobic media. We review critical experimental studies in the fields of atmospheric and synthetic organic chemistry, as well as related research exploring the origins of life, to showcase the importance of this phenomenon. The physico-chemical aspects of these processes, such as the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of adsorption and solvation processes at aqueous interfaces, are also discussed. We also present the basic theories intended to explain interface catalysis, followed by the results of advanced ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. Although some topics addressed here have already been the focus of previous reviews, we aim at highlighting their interconnection across diverse disciplines, providing a common perspective that would help us to identify the most fundamental issues still incompletely understood in this fast-moving field.
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11
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Qiu J, Liang Z, Tonokura K, Colussi AJ, Enami S. Stability of Monoterpene-Derived α-Hydroxyalkyl-Hydroperoxides in Aqueous Organic Media: Relevance to the Fate of Hydroperoxides in Aerosol Particle Phases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3890-3899. [PMID: 32131591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The α-hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides [R-(H)C(-OH)(-OOH), α-HH] produced in the ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds may contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) aging. α-HHs' inherent instability, however, hampers their detection and a positive assessment of their actual role. Here we report, for the first time, the rates and products of the decomposition of the α-HHs generated in the ozonolysis of atmospherically important monoterpenes α-pinene (α-P), d-limonene (d-L), γ-terpinene (γ-Tn), and α-terpineol (α-Tp) in water/acetonitrile (W/AN) mixtures. We detect α-HHs and multifunctional decomposition products as chloride adducts by online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Experiments involving D2O and H218O, instead of H216O, and an OH-radical scavenger show that α-HHs decompose into gem-diols + H2O2 rather than free radicals. α-HHs decay mono- or biexponentially depending on molecular structure and solvent composition. e-Fold times, τ1/e, in water-rich solvent mixtures range from τ1/e = 15-45 min for monoterpene-derived α-HHs to τ1/e > 103 min for the α-Tp-derived α-HH. All τ1/e's dramatically increase in <20% (v/v) water. Decay rates of the α-Tp-derived α-HH in pure water increase at lower pH (2.3 ≤ pH ≤ 3.3). The hydroperoxides detected in day-old SOA samples may reflect their increased stability in water-poor media and/or the slow decomposition of α-HHs from functionalized terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Zhancong Liang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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12
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Colussi AJ, Enami S. Water Dramatically Accelerates the Decomposition of α-Hydroxyalkyl-Hydroperoxides in Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5748-5755. [PMID: 31498633 PMCID: PMC6778917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Hydroxyalkyl-hydroperoxides (α-HHs), from the addition of water to Criegee intermediates in the ozonolysis of olefins, are reactive components of organic aerosols. Assessing the fate of α-HHs in such media requires information on the rates and products of their reactions in aqueous organic matrixes. This information, however, is unavailable due to the lack of analytical techniques for the detection and identification of labile α-HHs. Here, we report the mass spectrometric detection (as Cl- adducts) of the α-HH produced in the ozonolysis of a C15 diolefin in water (W):acetonitrile (AN) mixtures of variable composition containing inert NaCl. α-HH decays into a gem-diol + H2O2 within τ1/e ≈ 52 min in 50% (v:v) water, but persists longer than a day in ≤10% water mixtures. The strong nonlinear dependence of τ1/e on solvent composition reveals that water content is a major factor controlling the fate of α-HHs in atmospheric particles. It also suggests that α-HH decomposes while embedded in WnANm clusters rather than randomly dissolved in molecularly homogeneous W:AN mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National
Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Agustín J. Colussi
- Ronald
and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National
Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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13
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Sato K, Inomata S, Enami S. Effects of pH on Interfacial Ozonolysis of α-Terpineol. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7148-7155. [PMID: 31329444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidity changes the physical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles and the mechanisms of reactions that occur therein and on the surface. Here, we used surface-sensitive pneumatic ionization mass spectrometry to investigate the effects of pH on the heterogeneous reactions of aqueous α-terpineol (C10H17OH), a representative monoterpene alcohol, with gaseous ozone. Rapid (≤10 μs) ozonolysis of α-terpineol produced Criegee intermediates (CIs, zwitterionic/diradical carbonyl oxides) on the surface of water microjets. We studied the effects of microjet bulk pH (1-11) on the formation of functionalized carboxylate and α-hydroxy-hydroperoxide chloride adduct (HH-Cl-) products generated by isomerization and hydration of α-terpineol CIs, respectively. Compared with the signal at pH ≈ 6, the mass spectral signal of HH-Cl- was less intense under both basic and more acidic conditions, whereas the intensity of the functionalized carboxylate signal increased with increasing pH up to 4 and then remained constant. The decrease of HH-Cl- signals at bulk pH values of >6 is attributable to the accumulation of OH- at the air-water interface that suppresses the relative abundance of hydrophilic HH and Cl-. The present study suggests that α-terpineol in ambient aqueous organic aerosols will be converted into much lower volatile and potentially toxic organic hydroperoxides during the heterogeneous ozonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Inomata
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
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14
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Enami S. Interfacial vs Bulk Ozonolysis of Nerolidol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5750-5757. [PMID: 31017766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ozone readily reacts with olefins with the formation of more reactive Criegee intermediates (CIs). The transient CIs impact HO x cycles, and they play a role in new particle formation in the troposphere. Oxidation by O3 occurs both in the gas-phase, in the liquid phase, and at air-water and air-aerosol interfaces. In light of the importance of O3 in environmental and engineered chemical transformations, we have investigated the ozonolysis mechanisms of a triolefin C15-alcohol, nerolidol (Nero, a biogenic sesquiterpene), at the air-water interface in the presence of acetonitrile. Surface-sensitive pneumatic ionization mass spectrometric detection of α-hydroxy-hydroperoxides and functionalized carboxylates, generated by the hydration and isomerization of CIs, respectively, enables us to evaluate the relative reactivity of each C=C toward O3. In addition, we compare bulk-phase ozonolysis chemistry to similar reactions taking place at the air-water interface. Our experimental results show that O3 reacts primarily with the (CH3)2C=CH- and -(CH3)C=CH- moieties (>∼98%), while the O3 attack on the terminal -HC=CH2 site (<∼2%) is a minor pathway during both interfacial and bulk ozonolysis. The presence of functionalized-carboxylates on interfaces but not in bulk-phase reactions with O3 indicates that the isomerization of the CIs is not hindered at the air-water interface due to the lower availability of water .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa , Tsukuba 305-8506 , Japan
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Iodide Accelerates the Processing of Biogenic Monoterpene Emissions on Marine Aerosols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7574-7580. [PMID: 31459850 PMCID: PMC6648763 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine photosynthetic organisms emit organic gases, including the polyolefins isoprene (C5H8) and monoterpenes (MTPs, C10H16), into the boundary layer. Their atmospheric processing produces particles that influence cloud formation and growth and, as a result, the Earth's radiation balance. Here, we report that the heterogeneous ozonolysis of dissolved α-pinene by O3(g) on aqueous surfaces is dramatically accelerated by I-, an anion enriched in the ocean upper microlayer and sea spray aerosols (SSAs). In our experiments, liquid microjets of α-pinene solutions, with and without added I-, are dosed with O3(g) for τ < 10 μs and analyzed online by pneumatic ionization mass spectrometry. In the absence of I-, α-pinene does not detectably react with O3(g) under present conditions. In the presence of ≥ 0.01 mM I-, in contrast, new signals appear at m/z = 169 (C9H13O3 -), m/z = 183 (C10H15O3 -), m/z = 199 (C10H15O4 -), m/z = 311 (C10H16IO3 -), and m/z = 461 (C20H30IO4 -), plus m/z = 175 (IO3 -), and m/z = 381 (I3 -). Collisional fragmentation splits CO2 from C9H13O3 -, C10H15O3 - and C10H15O4 -, and I- plus IO- from C10H16IO3 - as expected from a trioxide IOOO•C10H16 - structure. We infer that the oxidative processing of α-pinene on aqueous surfaces is significantly accelerated by I- via the formation of IOOO- intermediates that are more reactive than O3. A mechanism in which IOOO- reacts with α-pinene (and likely with other unsaturated species) in competition with its isomerization to IO3 - accounts for present results and the fact that soluble iodine in SSA is mostly present as iodine-containing organic species rather than the thermodynamically more stable iodate. By this process, a significant fraction of biogenic MTPs and other unsaturated gases may be converted to water-soluble species rather than emitted to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National
Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michael R. Hoffmann
- Linde
Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Agustín J. Colussi
- Linde
Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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16
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Enami S, Ishizuka S, Colussi AJ. Chemical signatures of surface microheterogeneity on liquid mixtures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024702. [PMID: 30646725 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chemical reactions in Nature, the laboratory, and chemical industry occur in solvent mixtures that bring together species of dissimilar solubilities. Solvent mixtures are visually homogeneous, but are not randomly mixed at the molecular scale. In the all-important binary water-hydrotrope mixtures, small-angle neutron and dynamic light scattering experiments reveal the existence of short-lived (<50 ps), short-ranged (∼1 nm) concentration fluctuations. The presence of hydrophobic solutes stabilizes and extends such fluctuations into persistent, mesoscopic (10-100 nm) inhomogeneities. While the existence of inhomogeneities is well established, their impacts on reactivity are not fully understood. Here, we search for chemical signatures of inhomogeneities on the surfaces of W:X mixtures (W = water; X = acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or 1,4-dioxane) by studying the reactions of Criegee intermediates (CIs) generated in situ from O3(g) addition to a hydrophobic olefin (OL) solute. Once formed, CIs isomerize to functionalized carboxylic acids (FC) or add water to produce α-hydroxy-hydroperoxides (HH), as detected by surface-specific, online pneumatic ionization mass spectrometry. Since only the formation of HH requires the presence of water, the dependence of the R = HH/FC ratio on water molar fraction x w expresses the accessibility of water to CIs on the surfaces of mixtures. The finding that R increases quasi-exponentially with x w in all solvent mixtures is consistent with CIs being preferentially produced (from their OL hydrophobic precursor) in X-rich, long-lived OL:X m W n interfacial clusters, rather than randomly dispersed on W:X surfaces. R vs x w dependences therefore reflect the average ⟨m, n⟩ composition of OL:X m W n interfacial clusters, as weighted by cluster reorganization dynamics. Water in large, rigid clusters could be less accessible to CIs than in smaller but more flexible clusters of lower water content. Since mesoscale inhomogeneities are intrinsic to most solvent mixtures, these phenomena should be quite general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Agustín J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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17
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18
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19
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Modeling Heterogeneous Oxidation of NOx, SO2 and Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Mineral Dust Particles under Various Atmospheric Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Colussi AJ, Enami S. Reactivity of Monoterpene Criegee Intermediates at Gas–Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7910-7917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Agustín J. Colussi
- Ronald and Maxine Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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21
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Huang Y, Barraza KM, Kenseth CM, Zhao R, Wang C, Beauchamp JL, Seinfeld JH. Probing the OH Oxidation of Pinonic Acid at the Air–Water Interface Using Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FIDI-MS). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6445-6456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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22
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Qiu J, Ishizuka S, Tonokura K, Enami S. Reactions of Criegee Intermediates with Benzoic Acid at the Gas/Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6303-6310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Qiu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tonokura
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8563, Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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23
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Yan X, Lai YH, Zare RN. Preparative microdroplet synthesis of carboxylic acids from aerobic oxidation of aldehydes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5207-5211. [PMID: 29997875 PMCID: PMC6001248 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single liquid-phase and liquid-liquid phase reactions in microdroplets have shown much faster kinetics than that in the bulk phase. This work extends the scope of microdroplet reactions to gas-liquid reactions and achieves preparative synthesis. We report highly efficient aerobic oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in microdroplets. Molecular oxygen plays two roles: (1) as the sheath gas to shear the aldehyde solution into microdroplets, and (2) as the sole oxidant. The dramatic increase of the surface-area-to-volume ratio of microdroplets compared to bulk solution, and the efficient mixing of gas and liquid phases using spray nozzles allow effective mass transfer between aldehydes and molecular oxygen. The addition of catalytic nickel(ii) acetate is shown to accelerate further microdroplet reactions of this kind. We show that aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic aldehydes can be oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids in a mixture of water and ethanol using the nickel(ii) acetate catalyst, in moderate to excellent yields (62-91%). The microdroplet synthesis is scaled up to make it preparative. For example, aerobic oxidation of 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde to 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid was achieved at a rate of 10.5 mg min-1 with an isolated product yield of 66%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305-5080 , USA .
| | - Yin-Hung Lai
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305-5080 , USA .
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305-5080 , USA .
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24
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Zhao R, Kenseth CM, Huang Y, Dalleska NF, Kuang XM, Chen J, Paulson SE, Seinfeld JH. Rapid Aqueous-Phase Hydrolysis of Ester Hydroperoxides Arising from Criegee Intermediates and Organic Acids. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5190-5201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Devision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kenseth
- Devision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathan F. Dalleska
- Environmental Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xiaobi M. Kuang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jierou Chen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Devision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Zhao R, Kenseth CM, Huang Y, Dalleska NF, Seinfeld JH. Iodometry-Assisted Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Organic Peroxides: An Application to Atmospheric Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2108-2117. [PMID: 29370527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides comprise a significant fraction of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Detection and quantification of particle-phase organic peroxides are highly challenging, and current efforts rely significantly on filter extraction and offline mass spectrometry (MS). Here, a novel technique, iodometry-assisted liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iodometry-assisted LC-ESI-MS), is developed and evaluated with a class of atmospherically relevant organic peroxides, α-acyloxyalkyl hydroperoxides, synthesized via liquid ozonolysis. Iodometry-assisted LC-ESI-MS unambiguously distinguishes organic peroxides, compensating for the lack of functional group information that can be obtained with MS. This technique can be versatile for a wide spectrum of environmental analytical applications for which a molecular-level identification of organic peroxide is required. Here, iodometry-assisted LC-ESI-MS is applied to the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) of α-pinene SOA. Unexpectedly, a limited number of detectable compounds in WSOC appear to be organic peroxides, despite the fact that spectroscopy-based iodometry indicates 15% of WSOC mass is associated with organic peroxides. This observation would be consistent with decomposition of multifunctional organic peroxides to small peroxides that can be quantified by spectroscopy-based iodometry but not by LC-ESI-MS. Overall, this study raises concerns regarding filter extraction-based studies, showing that assignment of organic peroxides solely on the basis of MS signatures can be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathan F Dalleska
- Environmental Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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27
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Laskin A, Lin P, Laskin J, Fleming LT, Nizkorodov S. Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Brown Carbon. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Lauren T. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sergey Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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28
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Verma V, Sioutas C, Weber RJ. Oxidative Properties of Ambient Particulate Matter - An Assessment of the Relative Contributions from Various Aerosol Components and Their Emission Sources. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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29
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Ishizuka S, Fujii T, Matsugi A, Sakamoto Y, Hama T, Enami S. Controlling factors of oligomerization at the water surface: why is isoprene such a unique VOC? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15400-15410. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial oligomerization of isoprene is facilitated by the resonance stabilization through the formation of a tertiary carbocation with a conjugated CC bond pair, and electron enrichment induced by the neighboring methyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ishizuka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0819
- Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Tomihide Fujii
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Akira Matsugi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba 305-8569
- Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
| | - Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0819
- Japan
| | - Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Tsukuba 305-8506
- Japan
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30
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Chen L, Huang Y, Xue Y, Cao J, Wang W. Competition between HO2 and H2O2 Reactions with CH2OO/anti-CH3CHOO in the Oligomer Formation: A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6981-6991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yonggang Xue
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular
Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China
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31
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Enami S, Hoffmann MR, Colussi AJ. Criegee Intermediates React with Levoglucosan on Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3888-3894. [PMID: 28767252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (Levo), a C6-anhydrosaccharide produced in the combustion of cellulosic materials, is the major component of aerosols produced from biomass burning over vast regions worldwide. Levo has long been considered chemically inert and thus has been used as a tracer of biomass burning sources. However, we now show that sugars including Levo, glucose, arabitol, and mannitol react rapidly with Criegee intermediates (CIs) generated during the ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes on the surface of water:acetonitrile microjets. Hydrophilic Levo reacts faster with CIs than with water or surface-active 1-octanol at air-aqueous interfaces. This unexpected phenomenon is likely associated with the relatively low water density at air-aqueous interfaces coupled with a higher gas-phase acidity of the saccharide hydroxyl groups (i.e., -OH) versus n-alkanols. Results presented herein show that aerosol saccharides are in fact reactive toward CIs. Given the abundance of saccharides in the atmosphere, they may be important contributors to the growth and mass loading of secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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32
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Enami S, Colussi AJ. Reactions of Criegee Intermediates with Alcohols at Air-Aqueous Interfaces. J Phys Chem A 2017. [PMID: 28635281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fate of Criegee intermediates (CIs) from the gas-phase ozonolysis of unsaturated organic compounds in the troposphere is largely controlled by their reactions with water vapor. We recently found that against all expectations carboxylic acids compete at millimolar concentrations with water for CIs at the air-liquid interface of aqueous organic media. This outcome is consistent with both the low water concentration in the outermost interfacial layers and the enrichment of the competing acids therein. Here we show, via online electrospray mass spectrometric detection, that CIs generated in situ in the fast ozonolysis of sesquiterpenes (C15H24) on the surface of water:acetonitrile microjets react with n ≥ 4 linear alcohols CnH2n+1OH to produce high molecular weight C15+n ethers in one step. The OH group of 1-octanol proved to be ∼25 times less reactive than that of n-octanoic toward CIs at the same bulk molar concentration, revealing that the reactivity of hydroxylic species depends on both acidities and interfacial affinities. CI interfacial reactions with surface-active hydroxylic species, by bypassing water, represent shortcuts to molecular complexity in atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Enami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - A J Colussi
- Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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