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Rafiq Q, Khan MT, Hayat SS, Azam S, Rahman AU, Elansary HO, Shan M. Adsorption and solar light activity of noble metal adatoms (Au and Zn) on Fe(111) surface: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17118-17131. [PMID: 38845366 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Noble metals such as gold (Au), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are highly significant in both fundamental and technological contexts owing to their applications in optoelectronics, optical coatings, transparent coatings, photodetectors, light-emitting devices, photovoltaics, nanotechnology, batteries, and thermal barrier coatings. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the optoelectronic properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials using density functional theory (DFT) first-principles method with a focus on both materials' spin orientations. The optoelectronic properties were obtained employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach, integrating the exchange-correlation function with the Hubbard potential U for improved accuracy. The arrangement of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials was found to lack an energy gap, indicating a metallic behavior in both the spin-up state and the spin-down state. The optical properties of Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials, including their absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy-loss function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical conductivity, were thoroughly examined for both spin channels in the spectral region from 0.0 eV to 14 eV. The calculations revealed significant spin-dependent effects in the optical properties of the materials. Furthermore, this study explored the properties of the electronic bonding between several species in Fe(111) and Au, Zn/Fe(111) materials by examining the density distribution mapping of charge within the crystal symmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Rafiq
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology & Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China.
- School of computer science and technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sardar Sikandar Hayat
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Azam
- Faculty of engineering and applied sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Amin Ur Rahman
- Faculty of engineering and applied sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Materials simulation Research Laboratory (MSRL), Institute of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Chen KH, Fathi F, Maxson T, Hossain M, Khisamutdinov E, Szilvási T, Zeng X, Li Z. Probe the Dynamic Adsorption and Phase Transition of Underpotential Deposition Processes at Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4914-4926. [PMID: 38385347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (E-QCM) techniques in combination with DFT calculations have been applied to reveal the static phase and the phase transition of copper underpotential deposition (UPD) on a gold electrode surface. EC-STM demonstrated, for the first time, the direct visualization of the disintegration of (√3 × √3)R30° copper UPD adlayer with coadsorbed SO42- while changing sample potential (ES) toward the redox Pa2/Pc2 peaks, which are associated with the phase transition between the Cu UPD (√3 × √3)R30° phase II and disordered randomly adsorbed phase III. DFT calculations show that SO42- binds via three oxygens to the bridge sites of the copper with sulfate being located directly above the copper vacancy in the (√3 × √3)R30° adlayer, whereas the remaining oxygen of the sulfate points away from the surface. E-QCM measurement of the change of the electric charge due to Cu UPD Faradaic processes, the change of the interfacial mass due to the adsorption and desorption of Cu(II) and SO42-, and the formation and stripping of UPD copper on the gold surface provide complementary information that validates the EC-STM and DFT results. This work demonstrated the advantage of using complementary in situ experimental techniques (E-QCM and EC-STM) combined with simulations to obtain an accurate and complete picture of the dynamic interfacial adsorption and UPD processes at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Fatemeh Fathi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tristan Maxson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Mezbah Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Emil Khisamutdinov
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhihai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
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Tan Z, Li K, Gu Y, Nan Z, Wang W, Sun L, Mao B, Yan J. Unconventional Electrochemical Behaviors of Cu Underpotential Deposition in a Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent: High Underpotential Shift and Low Coverage. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6458-6466. [PMID: 37027511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The (5 × 5) Moiré pattern resulting from coadsorption of Cu atoms and chloride ions on the Au(111) electrode is one of the most classical structures for underpotential deposition (UPD) in electrochemical surface science. Although two models have been proposed to describe the pattern, the details of the structure remain ambiguous and controversial, leading to a question that remains to be answered. In this work, we investigate the UPD behaviors of Cu on the Au(111) electrode in a chloride-based deep eutectic solvent ethaline by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Benefiting from the properties of the ultraconcentrated electrolyte, we directly image not only Cu but also Cl adlayers by finely tuning tunneling conditions. The structure is unambiguously determined for both Cu and Cl adlayers, where an incommensurate Cu layer is adsorbed on the Au(111) surface with a Cu coverage of 0.64, while the Cl coverage is 0.32 (only half of the expected value); i.e., the atomic arrangement of the observed (5 × 5) Moiré pattern in ethaline matches neither of the models proposed in the literature. Meanwhile, STM results confirm the origin of the cathodic peak in the cyclic voltammogram, which indicates that the underpotential shift of Cu UPD in ethaline indeed increases by ca. 0.40 V compared to its counterpart in a sulfuric acid solution, resulting in a significant deviation from the linear relation between the underpotential shift and the difference in work functions proposed in the literature. The unconventional electrochemical behaviors of Cu UPD reveal the specialty of both the bulk and the interface in the chloride-based deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ziang Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Fernández-Félix TC, Santana JA. Atomic Structures of Single-Layer Nanoislands of Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au Supported on Au(111) from Density Functional Theory Calculations. SURFACE SCIENCE 2022; 716:121960. [PMID: 34737461 PMCID: PMC8562674 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2021.121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have used density functional theory calculations to study the atomic structure of single-layer nanoislands of metal M (M=Ni, Cu, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au) supported on M(111) and Au(111) surfaces. Nanoislands of Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au have planar structures on Au(111), while nanoislands of Ni, Rh, and Ir are nonplanar. The calculations also show that nanoislands of Cu, Pd, Pt, and Au on Au(111) with a diameter below 3 nm can have one of several atomic structures. Two of these structures have atoms at the edges of the nanoislands located near bridge sites on Au(111), and the other structures have atoms at the edges and center of the nanoislands located near bridge sites. The relative stability of these atomic structures depends on the size and nature of the Au-supported nanoparticles. Our findings provided computational support for the work of Liao and Ya [J. Phys. Chem. C. 121 (2017) 19218-19225] reporting the formation of two phases of Pt nanoislands on Au(111). These findings also reveal the rich and complex atomic structures of small single-layer metal nanoislands supported on metal surfaces.
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Zeng BF, Wei JY, Zhang XG, Liang QM, Hu S, Wang G, Lei ZC, Zhao SQ, Zhang HW, Shi J, Hong W, Tian ZQ, Yang Y. In situ lattice tuning of quasi-single-crystal surfaces for continuous electrochemical modulation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7765-7772. [PMID: 35865890 PMCID: PMC9258404 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to control the atomic-level structure of a solid represents a straightforward strategy for fabricating high-performance catalysts and semiconductor materials. Herein we explore the capability of the mechanically controllable surface strain method in adjusting the surface structure of a gold film. Underpotential deposition measurements provide a quantitative and ultrasensitive approach for monitoring the evolution of surface structures. The electrochemical activities of the quasi-single-crystalline gold films are enhanced productively by controlling the surface tension, resulting in a more positive potential for copper deposition. Our method provides an effective way to tune the atom arrangement of solid surfaces with sub-angstrom precision and to achieve a reduction in power consumption, which has vast applications in electrocatalysis, molecular electronics, and materials science. We reported a new method capable of adjusting the lattice structure of solid surfaces with sub-angstrom precision and achieved in situ and continuous control over electrochemical activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qing-Man Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - He-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Vázquez-Lizardi GA, Ruiz-Casanova LA, Cruz-Sánchez RM, Santana JA. Simulation of Metal-Supported Metal-Nanoislands: A Comparison of DFT Methods. SURFACE SCIENCE 2021; 712:121889. [PMID: 34176977 PMCID: PMC8224827 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2021.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated various density functional theory (DFT) methods to simulate geometric, energetic, electronic, and hydrogen adsorption properties of metal-nanoparticles supported on metal surfaces. We used Pt and Pd nanoislands on Au(111) as model systems. The evaluated DFT methods include GGA (PW91, PBE, RPBE, revPBE, and PBESol), GGA with van der Waals (vdW) corrected (PBE-D3), GGA with optimized vdW functionals (revPBE-vdW), meta-GGA (SCAN and MS2), and the machine learning-based method BEEF-vdW. The results show that the various DFT methods yield similar geometric and electronic properties for Pt (or Pd) nanoislands on Au(111). The DFT methods also produce similar relative energetics for small Pt (or Pd) clusters with different conformations on Au(111). The results show that a triatomic cluster of Pt on Au(111) is more stable with a linear conformation. In contrast, a triatomic cluster of Pd is more stable with a triangular conformation. For clusters with four or more atoms, Pt and Pd clusters on Au(111) prefer non-linear conformation. We found that the various DFT methods yield different results only for the adsorption energy of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan A. Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Cayey, Cayey, Puerto Rico, 00737
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Wang X, Wang YQ, Feng YC, Wang D, Wan LJ. Insights into electrocatalysis by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5832-5849. [PMID: 34027957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of electrocatalytic reaction is important for the design and development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for energy technology. Investigating the surface structures of electrocatalysts and the surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions at the atomic and molecular scale is helpful to identify the catalytic role of active sites and further promotes the development of emerging electrocatalysts. Since it was invented, scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has become a powerful technique to investigate surface topographies and electronic properties at the nanoscale resolution. STM can be operated in diversified environments. Electrochemical STM can be used to investigate the surface processes during electrochemical reactions. Moreover, the critical intermediates in catalysis on catalyst surfaces can be identified by STM at low temperature or ultrahigh vacuum. STM has been extensively utilized in electrocatalysis research, including the structure-activity relationship of electrocatalysts, the distribution of active sites, and surface processes in electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, progress in the application of STM in electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. The construction of model electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic systems are summarized. Then, we present the STM investigation of electrocatalyst structures and surface processes related to electrocatalysis. Challenges and future developments in the field are discussed in the outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Chen Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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