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Yang G, Zhu Y, Hao Z, Lu Y, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Chen J. Organic Electroactive Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301898. [PMID: 37158492 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic electroactive materials take advantage of potentially sustainable production and structural tunability compared to present commercial inorganic materials. Unfortunately, traditional redox flow batteries based on toxic redox-active metal ions have certain deficiencies in resource utilization and environmental protection. In comparison, organic electroactive materials in aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) have received extensive attention in recent years for low-cost and sustainable energy storage systems due to their inherent safety. This review aims to provide the recent progress in organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. The main reaction types of organic electroactive materials are classified in ARFBs to provide an overview of how to regulate their solubility, potential, stability, and viscosity. Then, the organic anolyte and catholyte in ARFBs are summarized according to the types of quinones, viologens, nitroxide radicals, hydroquinones, etc, and how to increase the solubility by designing various functional groups is emphasized. The research advances are presented next in the characterization of organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on building neutral ARFBs, designing advanced electroactive materials through molecular engineering, and resolving problems of commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojing Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhimeng Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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2
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Abstract
The increasing interest and need to shift to sustainable energy give rise to the utilization of fuel cell technologies in various applications. The challenging task of hydrogen storage and transport led to the development of liquid hydrogen carriers (LHCs) as fuels for direct LHC fuel cells, such as methanol in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Although simpler to handle, most direct LHC fuel cells suffer from durability and price issues derived from high catalysts' loadings and byproducts of the oxidation reaction of the fuel. Herein, we report on the development of direct hydroquinone fuel cells (DQFCs) based on anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) as an LHC. We have shown that DQFC can operate with a continuous flow of quinone as a hydrogen carrier, outperforming the incumbent state-of-the-art DMFC by a factor of 3 in peak power density while completely removing the need for any catalyst at the anode. In addition, we demonstrate that quinone can be charged with protons in the same system, making it a reversible fuel cell system. We optimized the operating conditions and discussed the governing conditions to reach the best performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yurko
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Lior Elbaz
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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3
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Loktionov P, Pichugov R, Konev D, Petrov M, Pustovalova A, Antipov A. Operando UV/Vis spectra deconvolution for comprehensive electrolytes analysis of vanadium redox flow battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Spectroelectrochemistry of next-generation redox flow battery electrolytes: A survey of active species from four representative classes. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Challenges and opportunities in continuous flow processes for electrochemically mediated carbon capture. iScience 2022; 25:105153. [PMID: 36204263 PMCID: PMC9529983 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon capture from both stationary emitters and dilute sources is critically needed to mitigate climate change. Carbon dioxide separation methods driven by electrochemical stimuli show promise to sidestep the high-energy penalty and fossil-fuel dependency associated with the conventional pressure and temperature swings. Compared with a batch process, electrochemically mediated carbon capture (EMCC) operating in a continuous flow mode offers greater design flexibility. Therefore, this review introduces key advances in continuous flow EMCC for point source, air, and ocean carbon captures. Notably, the main challenges and future research opportunities for practical implementation of continuous flow EMCC processes are discussed from a multi-scale perspective, from molecules to electrochemical cells and finally to separation systems.
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6
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Petrov M, Chikin D, Abunaeva L, Glazkov A, Pichugov R, Vinyukov A, Levina I, Motyakin M, Mezhuev Y, Konev D, Antipov A. Mixture of Anthraquinone Sulfo-Derivatives as an Inexpensive Organic Flow Battery Negolyte: Optimization of Battery Cell. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:912. [PMID: 36295671 PMCID: PMC9607404 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS) is a promising organic compound, which is considered as a negolyte for redox flow batteries as well as for other applications. In this work we carried out a well-known reaction of anthraquinone sulfonation to synthesize 2,7-AQDS in mixture with other sulfo-derivatives, namely 2,6-AQDS and 2-AQS. Redox behavior of this mixture was evaluated with cyclic voltammetry and was almost identical to 2,7-AQDS. Mixture was then assessed as a potential negolyte of anthraquinone-bromine redox flow battery. After adjusting membrane-electrode assembly composition (membrane material and flow field)), the cell demonstrated peak power density of 335 mW cm-2 (at SOC 90%) and capacity utilization, capacity retention and energy efficiency of 87.9, 99.6 and 64.2%, respectively. These values are almost identical or even higher than similar values for flow battery with 2,7-AQDS as a negolyte, while the price of mixture is significantly lower. Therefore, this work unveils the promising possibility of using a mixture of crude sulfonated anthraquinone derivatives mixture as an inexpensive negolyte of RFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Petrov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Chikin
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilia Abunaeva
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Glazkov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Pichugov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Vinyukov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Irina Levina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Motyakin
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Department of Biomaterials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Konev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anatoly Antipov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Jones AE, Ejigu A, Wang B, Adams RW, Bissett MA, Dryfe RA. Quinone voltammetry for redox-flow battery applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Li L, Zhao H, Ni N, Wang Y, Gao J, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Study on the origin of linear deviation with the Beer-Lambert law in absorption spectroscopy by measuring sulfur dioxide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 275:121192. [PMID: 35366524 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with the Beer-Lambert law, absorbance is proportional to concentration and optical path length of the absorbers in the sample, and in a linear relationship with total column concentration (product of concentration and optical path length) at a single wavelength. However, limitation of spectral resolution will result in linear deviation with the Beer-Lambert law in actual measurement. Regarding additivity of polychromatic light intensity as the theoretical basis, this paper attributed linear deviation with the Beer-Lambert law to spectral resolution, concentration and light intensity, and verified this explanation by measuring sulfur dioxide at various total column concentrations using spectrometers with different spectral resolutions in the waveband range of 216-230 nm. It was found that linear deviation with the Beer-Lambert law was in negative correlation with spectral resolution, and in positive correlation with total column concentration, and absorbance could be considered to be linear with total column concentration (below 171.4 mg/m2) of sulfur dioxide in the wavelength range of 216-230 nm. In addition, it was also proved that linear deviation increases with decreasing light intensity at a fixed sulfur dioxide column concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linying Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Nan Ni
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yongda Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Tianjin University, State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yucun Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
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9
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Zhang D, Liang W, Yi J, Chen J, Lv Y, Zhao T, Xiao C, Xie X, Wu W, Yang C. Photochemical graft of γ-cyclodextrin’s interior leading to in-situ charge-transfer complexes with unusual regioselectivity and its application in 3D photo-printing. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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In operando visualization of redox flow battery in membrane-free microfluidic platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114947119. [PMID: 35197286 PMCID: PMC8892322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114947119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates fundamentals of electrochemical reactions using the membrane-free redox flow battery (RFB) platform with a laminar strategy and colorimetry of multiredox organic molecules. Taking advantage of unique color changes of electrolytes depending on the state of charge, we analyze the electrochemical kinetics of the RFB system in terms of charge and mass transfer. It is verified that a balanced rate of charge and mass transfer significantly affects the battery performance. Furthermore, a classical physicochemical hydrodynamic equation is adopted for scaling analysis of the depletion region deteriorating battery performance. We successfully integrate analytical, numerical, and experimental data for elucidating the depletion region. Based on these fundamental studies, finally, a favorable design is suggested for performance enhancement. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attractive large-scale energy storage techniques, achieving remarkable progress in performance enhancement for the last decades. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism still remains challenging due to its unique operation mechanism, where electrochemistry and hydrodynamics simultaneously govern battery performance. Thus, to elucidate the precise reactions occurring in RFB systems, an appropriate analysis technique that enables the real-time observation of electrokinetic phenomena is indispensable. Herein, we report in operando visualization and analytical study of RFBs by employing a membrane-free microfluidic platform, that is, a membrane-free microfluidic RFB. Using this platform, the electrokinetic investigations were carried out for the 5,10-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine (BMEPZ) catholyte, which has been recently proposed as a high-performance multiredox organic molecule. Taking advantage of the inherent colorimetric property of BMEPZ, we unravel the intrinsic electrochemical properties in terms of charge and mass transfer kinetics during the multiredox reaction through in operando visualization, which enables theoretical study of physicochemical hydrodynamics in electrochemical systems. Based on insights on the electrokinetic limitations in RFBs, we verify the validity of electrode geometry design that can suppress the range of the depletion region, leading to enhanced cell performance.
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11
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Zhao EW, Shellard EJK, Klusener PAA, Grey CP. In situ bulk magnetization measurements reveal the state of charge of redox flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1342-1345. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two methods, involving NMR spectroscopy and direct magnetic susceptibility measurements, are demonstrated for in situ (online) determination of the state of charge of redox flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Edward J. K. Shellard
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Peter A. A. Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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12
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Senft L, Moore JL, Franke A, Fisher KR, Scheitler A, Zahl A, Puchta R, Fehn D, Ison S, Sader S, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10483-10500. [PMID: 34447541 PMCID: PMC8356818 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for H2O2, [Mn(H2qp1)(MeCN)]2+ and [Mn(H4qp2)Br2], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn(H2qp1)(OTf)]+ was found to use the redox activity of the H2qp1 ligand to catalyze the conversion of O2˙− to O2 and H2O2, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O2˙− in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O2˙− to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The obtained data are consistent with the operation of multiple parallel catalytic cycles, with both the quinol groups and manganese cycling through different oxidation states during the reactions with superoxide. The choice of ligand impacts the overall charges of the intermediates and allows us to visualize complementary sets of intermediates within the catalytic cycles using CSI-MS. With the diquinolic H4qp2, we detect Mn(iii)-superoxo intermediates with both reduced and oxidized forms of the ligand, a Mn(iii)-hydroperoxo compound, and what is formally a Mn(iv)-oxo species with the monoquinolate/mono-para-quinone form of H4qp2. With the monoquinolic H2qp1, we observe a Mn(ii)-superoxo ↔ Mn(iii)-peroxo intermediate with the oxidized para-quinone form of the ligand. The observation of these species suggests inner-sphere mechanisms for O2˙− oxidation and reduction that include both the ligand and manganese as redox partners. The higher positive charges of the complexes with the reduced and oxidized forms of H2qp1 compared to those with related forms of H4qp2 result in higher catalytic activity (kcat ∼ 108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4) that rivals those of the most active superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The manganese complex with H2qp1 is markedly more stable in water than other highly active non-porphyrin-based and even some Mn(ii) porphyrin-based SOD mimics. Manganese complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands are found to catalyze the degradation of superoxide through inner-sphere mechanisms. The redox activity of the ligand stabilizes higher-valent manganese species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sidney Ison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
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13
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Nolte O, Volodin IA, Stolze C, Hager MD, Schubert US. Trust is good, control is better: a review on monitoring and characterization techniques for flow battery electrolytes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1866-1925. [PMID: 34846470 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01632b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow batteries (FBs) currently are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage technologies for energy grids with a large share of renewable electricity generation. Among the main technological challenges for the economic operation of a large-scale battery technology is its calendar lifetime, which ideally has to cover a few decades without significant loss of performance. This requirement can only be met if the key parameters representing the performance losses of the system are continuously monitored and optimized during the operation. Nearly all performance parameters of a FB are related to the two electrolytes as the electrochemical storage media and we therefore focus on them in this review. We first survey the literature on the available characterization methods for the key FB electrolyte parameters. Based on these, we comprehensively review the currently available approaches for assessing the most important electrolyte state variables: the state-of-charge (SOC) and the state-of-health (SOH). We furthermore discuss how monitoring and operation strategies are commonly implemented as online tools to optimize the electrolyte performance and recover lost battery capacity as well as how their automation is realized via battery management systems (BMSs). Our key findings on the current state of this research field are finally highlighted and the potential for further progress is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Nolte
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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14
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Lu C, Liao X, Fang D, Chen X. Highly Sensitive Ultrastable Electrochemical Sensor Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5369-5376. [PMID: 34125559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are critical to artificial intelligence by virtue of capability of mimicking human skin to report sensing signals. But their practical applications are restricted by low sensitivity and limited cycling stability, which result from piezoionic mechanism with insufficient sensing response. Here, we report a highly sensitive ultrastable sensor based on proton-coupled electron transfer, which is different from piezoionic mechanism. The sensor gives a high sensing signal output of 117 mV, which is 16 times higher than that of counterpart device (7 mV). It delivers excellent working stability with performance retention as high as 99.13% over 10 000 bending cycles in air, exceeding that of the best-known sensors reported previously. The flexible sensor displays high sensitivity in detecting real-time signals of human activities with large and subtle deformations, including wrist bending, moving speed, pulse wave and voice vibration. Smart functions, such as braille language and handwriting recognitions, are demonstrated for artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiangbiao Liao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Mazúr P, Charvát J, Mrlík J, Pocedič J, Akrman J, Kubáč L, Řeháková B, Kosek J. Evaluation of Electrochemical Stability of Sulfonated Anthraquinone-Based Acidic Electrolyte for Redox Flow Battery Application. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092484. [PMID: 33923204 PMCID: PMC8123158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense research in the field of aqueous organic redox flow batteries, low molecular stability of electroactive compounds limits further commercialization. Additionally, currently used methods typically cannot differentiate between individual capacity fade mechanisms, such as degradation of electroactive compound and its cross-over through the membrane. We present a more complex method for in situ evaluation of (electro)chemical stability of electrolytes using a flow electrolyser and a double half-cell including permeation measurements of electrolyte cross-over through a membrane by a UV–VIS spectrometer. The method is employed to study (electro)chemical stability of acidic negolyte based on an anthraquinone sulfonation mixture containing mainly 2,6- and 2,7-anthraquinone disulfonic acid isomers, which can be directly used as an RFB negolyte. The effect of electrolyte state of charge (SoC), current load and operating temperature on electrolyte stability is tested. The results show enhanced capacity decay for fully charged electrolyte (0.9 and 2.45% per day at 20 °C and 40 °C, respectively) while very good stability is observed at 50% SoC and lower, even at 40 °C and under current load (0.02% per day). HPLC analysis conformed deep degradation of AQ derivatives connected with the loss of aromaticity. The developed method can be adopted for stability evaluation of electrolytes of various organic and inorganic RFB chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Mazúr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
- New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiří Charvát
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jindřich Mrlík
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaromír Pocedič
- New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Akrman
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, Rybitvi 296, 533 54 Rybitvi, Czech Republic; (J.A.); (L.K.)
| | - Lubomír Kubáč
- Centre for Organic Chemistry, Rybitvi 296, 533 54 Rybitvi, Czech Republic; (J.A.); (L.K.)
| | | | - Juraj Kosek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Praha 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.C.); (J.M.); (J.K.)
- New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic;
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16
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Zhao EW, Jónsson E, Jethwa RB, Hey D, Lyu D, Brookfield A, Klusener PAA, Collison D, Grey CP. Coupled In Situ NMR and EPR Studies Reveal the Electron Transfer Rate and Electrolyte Decomposition in Redox Flow Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1885-1895. [PMID: 33475344 PMCID: PMC7877726 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report the development of in situ (online) EPR and coupled EPR/NMR methods to study redox flow
batteries, which are applied here to investigate the redox-active
electrolyte, 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ). The radical
anion, DHAQ3–•, formed as a reaction intermediate
during the reduction of DHAQ2–, was detected and
its concentration quantified during electrochemical cycling. The fraction
of the radical anions was found to be concentration-dependent, the
fraction decreasing as the total concentration of DHAQ increases,
which we interpret in terms of a competing dimer formation mechanism.
Coupling the two techniques—EPR and NMR—enables the
rate constant for the electron transfer between DHAQ3–• and DHAQ4– anions to be determined. We quantify
the concentration changes of DHAQ during the “high-voltage”
hold by NMR spectroscopy and correlate it quantitatively to the capacity
fade of the battery. The decomposition products, 2,6-dihydroxyanthrone
and 2,6-dihydroxyanthranol, were identified during this hold;
they were shown to undergo subsequent irreversible electrochemical
oxidation reaction at 0.7 V, so that they no longer participate in
the subsequent electrochemistry of the battery when operated in the
standard voltage window of the cell. The decomposition reaction rate
was found to be concentration-dependent, with a faster rate being
observed at higher concentrations. Taking advantage of the inherent
flow properties of the system, this work demonstrates the possibility
of multi-modal in situ (online)
characterizations of redox flow batteries, the characterization techniques
being applicable to a range of electrochemical flow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Erlendur Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Rajesh B Jethwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dominic Hey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Dongxun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Adam Brookfield
- Department of Chemistry & Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peter A A Klusener
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Collison
- Department of Chemistry & Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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17
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Ng KKL, Devlia R, Foss NL, Alesbrook LS, Hiscock JR, Murray AT. Ionicity-dependent proton-coupled electron transfer of supramolecular self-assembled electroactive heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11815-11818. [PMID: 33021265 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the electrochemical properties of a class of Supramolecular Self-associated Amphiphilic salts (SSAs). We show that varying ionic strength of an SSA solution can cause a switching of the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer. The effect of self-assembly on proton-coupled electron transfer has implications for the understanding of electron transfer kinetics in aqueous organic redox flow batteries, especially at high concentration where organic-organic intermolecular interactions become dominant even for highly soluble organic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick K L Ng
- University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, UK.
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18
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Zhao EW, Liu T, Jónsson E, Lee J, Temprano I, Jethwa RB, Wang A, Smith H, Carretero-González J, Song Q, Grey CP. In situ NMR metrology reveals reaction mechanisms in redox flow batteries. Nature 2020; 579:224-228. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Wiberg C, Carney TJ, Brushett F, Ahlberg E, Wang E. Dimerization of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-Disulfonic acid (AQDS). Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Jinich A, Sanchez-Lengeling B, Ren H, Harman R, Aspuru-Guzik A. A Mixed Quantum Chemistry/Machine Learning Approach for the Fast and Accurate Prediction of Biochemical Redox Potentials and Its Large-Scale Application to 315 000 Redox Reactions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1199-1210. [PMID: 31404220 PMCID: PMC6661861 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of the thermodynamics of biochemical reactions is essential for accurately modeling metabolism. The group contribution method (GCM) is one of the most widely used approaches to estimate standard Gibbs energies and redox potentials of reactions for which no experimental measurements exist. Previous work has shown that quantum chemical predictions of biochemical thermodynamics are a promising approach to overcome the limitations of GCM. However, the quantum chemistry approach is significantly more expensive. Here, we use a combination of quantum chemistry and machine learning to obtain a fast and accurate method for predicting the thermodynamics of biochemical redox reactions. We focus on predicting the redox potentials of carbonyl functional group reductions to alcohols and amines, two of the most ubiquitous carbon redox transformations in biology. Our method relies on semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations calibrated with Gaussian process (GP) regression against available experimental data and results in higher predictive power than the GCM at low computational cost. Direct calibration of GCM and fingerprint-based predictions (without quantum chemistry) with GP regression also results in significant improvements in prediction accuracy, demonstrating the versatility of the approach. We design and implement a network expansion algorithm that iteratively reduces and oxidizes a set of natural seed metabolites and demonstrate the high-throughput applicability of our method by predicting the standard potentials of more than 315 000 redox reactions involving approximately 70 000 compounds. Additionally, we developed a novel fingerprint-based framework for detecting molecular environment motifs that are enriched or depleted across different regions of the redox potential landscape. We provide open access to all source code and data generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Jinich
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill−Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Benjamin Sanchez-Lengeling
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Haniu Ren
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Rebecca Harman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Vector
Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
- Biologically-Inspired
Solar Energy Program, Canadian Institute
for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5S 1M1, Canada
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21
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Ali H, Onuigbo IO, Fabunmi TE, Yahaya M, Joshua M, Agboola B, Jahng WJ. Assembly of quinone-based renewable biobattery using redox molecules from Lawsonia inermis. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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22
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Hofmann JD, Schröder D. Which Parameter is Governing for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries with Organic Active Material? CHEM-ING-TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D. Hofmann
- Justus Liebig University GiessenInstitute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Justus Liebig University GiessenCenter for Materials Research (LaMa) Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Justus Liebig University GiessenInstitute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Justus Liebig University GiessenCenter for Materials Research (LaMa) Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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23
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Tolbin AY, Pushkarev VE, Sedova MV, Maklakov SS, Tomilova LG. Aggregation of slipped-cofacial phthalocyanine J-type dimers: Spectroscopic and AFM study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 205:335-340. [PMID: 30036802 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct metallation of 2-hydroxyphthalocyanine J-type slipped-cofacial dimeric ligand by Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni and Co salts has been carried out to obtain corresponding metal complexes selectively without any noticeable dissociation or polymerization of the starting ligand. Integrated analysis of aggregation properties in the synthesized series has been conducted with the involvement of AFM microscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical assessment. As a result, a nonlinear relationship between absorption and concentration was found, with aggregation beginning to appear at concentrations above 3.3 × 10-5 mol L-1 with predominant formation of trimers from the dimeric molecules in THF solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu Tolbin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Victor E Pushkarev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Sedova
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics RAS (ITAE RAS), Izhorskaya St., 13, 125412 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S Maklakov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics RAS (ITAE RAS), Izhorskaya St., 13, 125412 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa G Tomilova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation; Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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24
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Tolbin AY, Pushkarev VE, Tomilova LG. A mathematical analysis of deviations from linearity of Beer's law. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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