1
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Arildii D, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Internal Energy Dependence of the Pyrrole Dimer Cation Structures Formed in a Supersonic Plasma Expansion: Charge-Resonance and Hydrogen-Bonded Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3993-4006. [PMID: 38741030 PMCID: PMC11129305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The structures of the pyrrole dimer cation (Py2+) formed in an electron-ionization-driven supersonic plasma expansion of Py seeded in Ar or N2 are probed as a function of its internal energy by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a tandem mass spectrometer. The IRPD spectra recorded in the CH and NH stretch ranges are analyzed by dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The spectra of the cold Ar/N2-tagged Py2+ clusters, Py2+Ln (n = 1-5 for Ar, n = 1 for N2), indicate the exclusive formation of the most stable antiparallel π-stacked Py2+ structure under cold conditions, which is stabilized by charge-resonance interaction. The bare Py2+ dimers produced in the ion source have higher internal energy, and the observation of additional transitions in their IRPD spectra suggests a minor population of less stable hydrogen-bonded isomers composed of heterocyclic Py/Py+ structures formed after intramolecular H atom transfer and ring opening. These intermolecular isomers differ from the chemically bonded structures proposed earlier in the analysis of IRPD spectra of Py2+ generated by VUV ionization of neutral Pyn clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashjargal Arildii
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka
University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut
für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische
Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- International
Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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2
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Salzmann H, Rasmussen AP, Eaves JD, Weber JM. Competition between Water-Water Hydrogen Bonds and Water-π Bonds in Pyrene-Water Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2772-2781. [PMID: 38564313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We present infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations of hydrated pyrene anion clusters with up to four water molecules. The experimental spectra were acquired by using infrared Ar messenger photodissociation spectroscopy. Water molecules form clusters on the surface of the pyrene, forming hydrogen bonds with the π-system. The structures of the water clusters and their interaction with the π-system are encoded in OH stretching vibrational modes. We find that the interactions between water molecules are stronger than the interactions between water molecules and the π-system. While all clusters show multiple conformers, three- and four-membered rings are the lowest energy structures in the larger hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Salzmann
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Anne P Rasmussen
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - J Mathias Weber
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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3
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LeMessurier N, Salzmann H, Leversee R, Weber JM, Eaves JD. Water-Hydrocarbon Interactions in Anionic Pyrene Monohydrate. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3200-3210. [PMID: 38526297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between water and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are essential in many aspects of chemistry, from interstellar and atmospheric processes to interfacial hydrophobicity and wetting phenomena. Despite their growing importance, the intermolecular potentials of the water-hydrocarbon interactions are underdeveloped compared to the water-water potentials, and there are similarly few experimental probes that are sensitive to the details of the water-hydrocarbon potential. We present a combined experimental and computational study of anionic pyrene monohydrate, one of the simplest water/hydrocarbon clusters. The action spectrum in the OH region of the mass-selected cluster ion provides a rigorous benchmark for intermolecular potentials and computational methodologies. We identify missing intermolecular interactions and shortcomings in conventional dynamics calculations by comparing experimental data to density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics calculations. Kinetic trapping is prevalent, even for one water molecule and one pyrene molecule, leading to slow equilibration in conventional molecular dynamics calculations, even on nanosecond time scales and at low temperatures (50 K). At constant energy, temperature fluctuations for the pair of molecules are substantial. Immersing the system in a bath of soft spheres and employing parallel tempering alleviates kinetic trapping and dampens temperature fluctuations, bringing the system closer to the thermodynamic limit. With such augmented sampling, a simple, flexible water model reproduces the line width and the asymmetric broadening of the symmetric OH stretching mode, which we assign to spectral diffusion. In the OH stretching region, dynamics calculations predict a more intense antisymmetric peak than experiments observe but do not predict the bimodal split symmetric peak that the experiments show. Our work suggests that electronic polarization, missing in the empirical force field, is responsible for the first discrepancy and that quantum nuclear effects, captured neither in density functional theory nor in classical dynamics, may be responsible for the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie LeMessurier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Heinrich Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - River Leversee
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - J Mathias Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, United States
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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4
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Lemmens AK, Ferrari P, Loru D, Batra G, Steber AL, Redlich B, Schnell M, Martinez-Haya B. Wetting of a Hydrophobic Surface: Far-IR Action Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Microhydrated Naphthalene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10794-10802. [PMID: 38013434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of water and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is of fundamental importance in areas as diverse as materials science and atmospheric and interstellar chemistry. The interplay between hydrogen bonding and dipole-π interactions results in subtle dynamics that are challenging to describe from first principles. Here, we employ far-IR action vibrational spectroscopy with the infrared free-electron laser FELIX to investigate naphthalene with one to three water molecules. We observe diffuse bands associated with intermolecular vibrational modes that serve as direct probes of the loose binding of water to the naphthalene surface. These signatures are poorly reproduced by static DFT or Møller-Plesset computations. Instead, a rationalization is achieved through Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics simulations, revealing the active mobility of water over the surface, even at low temperatures. Therefore, our work provides direct insights into the wetting interactions associated with shallow potential energy surfaces while simultaneously demonstrating a solid experimental-computational framework for their investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Lemmens
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Radboud University, Institute of Molecules and Materials, HFML-FELIX, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piero Ferrari
- Radboud University, Institute of Molecules and Materials, HFML-FELIX, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Donatella Loru
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gayatri Batra
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda L Steber
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Britta Redlich
- Radboud University, Institute of Molecules and Materials, HFML-FELIX, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Bruno Martinez-Haya
- Center for Nanoscience and Sustainable Technologies (CNATS), Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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5
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George MAR, Dopfer O. Microhydration of the adamantane cation: intracluster proton transfer to solvent in [Ad(H 2O) n=1-5] + for n ≥ 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13593-13610. [PMID: 37144298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical cations of diamondoids are important intermediates in their functionalization reactions in polar solvents. To explore the role of the solvent at the molecular level, we characterize herein microhydrated radical cation clusters of the parent molecule of the diamondoid family, adamantane (C10H16, Ad), by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of mass-selected [Ad(H2O)n=1-5]+ clusters. IRPD spectra of the cation ground electronic state recorded in the CH/OH stretch and fingerprint ranges reveal the first steps of this fundamental H-substitution reaction at the molecular level. Analysis of size-dependent frequency shifts with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/cc-pVTZ) provides detailed information about the acidity of the proton of Ad+ as a function of the degree of hydration, the structure of the hydration shell, and the strengths of the CH⋯O and OH⋯O hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the hydration network. For n = 1, H2O strongly activates the acidic C-H bond of Ad+ by acting as a proton acceptor in a strong CH⋯O ionic H-bond with cation-dipole configuration. For n = 2, the proton is almost equally shared between the adamantyl radical (C10H15, Ady) and the (H2O)2 dimer in a strong C⋯H⋯O ionic H-bond. For n ≥ 3, the proton is completely transferred to the H-bonded hydration network. The threshold for this size-dependent intracluster proton transfer to solvent is consistent with the proton affinities of Ady and (H2O)n and confirmed by collision-induced dissociation experiments. Comparison with other related microhydrated cations reveals that the acidity of the CH proton of Ad+ is in the range of strongly acidic phenol+ but lower than for cationic linear alkanes such as pentane+. Significantly, the presented IRPD spectra of microhydrated Ad+ provide the first spectroscopic molecular-level insight of the chemical reactivity and reaction mechanism of the important class of transient diamondoid radical cations in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Arildii D, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Microhydration of the Pyrrole Cation (Py +) Revealed by IR Spectroscopy: Ionization-Induced Rearrangement of the Hydrogen-Bonded Network of Py +(H 2O) 2. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2523-2535. [PMID: 36898005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Microhydration of heterocyclic aromatic molecules can be an appropriate fundamental model to shed light on intermolecular interactions and functions of macromolecules and biomolecules. We characterize herein the microhydration process of the pyrrole cation (Py+) by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ). Analysis of IRPD spectra of mass-selected Py+(H2O)2 and its cold Ar-tagged cluster in the NH and OH stretch range combined with geometric parameters of intermolecular structures, binding energies, and natural atomic charge distribution provides a clear picture of the growth of the hydration shell and cooperativity effects. Py+(H2O)2 is formed by stepwise hydration of the acidic NH group of Py+ by a hydrogen-bonded (H2O)2 chain with NH···OH···OH configuration. In this linear H-bonded hydration chain, strong cooperativity, mainly arising from the positive charge, strengthens both the NH···O and OH···O H-bonds with respect to those of Py+H2O and (H2O)2, respectively. The linear chain structure of the Py+(H2O)2 cation is discussed in terms of the ionization-induced rearrangement of the hydration shell of the neutral Py(H2O)2 global minimum characterized by the so-called "σ-π bridge structure" featuring a cyclic NH···OH···OH···π H-bonded network. Emission of the π electron from Py by ionization generates a repulsive interaction between the positive π site of Py+ and the π-bonded OH hydrogen of (H2O)2, thereby breaking this OH···π hydrogen bond and driving the hydration structure toward the linear chain motif of the global minimum on the cation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashjargal Arildii
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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7
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George MAR, Dopfer O. Microhydrated clusters of a pharmaceutical drug: infrared spectra and structures of amantadineH +(H 2O) n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5529-5549. [PMID: 36723361 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Solvation of pharmaceutical drugs has an important effect on their structure and function. Analysis of infrared photodissociation spectra of amantadineH+(H2O)n=1-4 clusters in the sensitive OH, NH, and CH stretch range by quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP-D3/cc-pVTZ) provides a first impression of the interaction of this pharmaceutically active cation with water at the molecular level. The size-dependent frequency shifts reveal detailed information about the acidity of the protons of the NH3+ group of N-protonated amantadineH+ (AmaH+) and the strength of the NH⋯O and OH⋯O hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the hydration network. The preferred cluster growth begins with sequential hydration of the NH3+ group by NH⋯O ionic H-bonds (n = 1-3), followed by the extension of the solvent network through OH⋯O H-bonds. However, smaller populations of cluster isomers with an H-bonded solvent network and free N-H bonds are already observed for n ≥ 2, indicating the subtle competition between noncooperative ion hydration and cooperative H-bonding. Interestingly, cyclic water ring structures are identified for n ≥ 3, each with two NH⋯O and two OH⋯O H-bonds. Despite the increasing destabilization of the N-H proton donor bonds upon gradual hydration, no proton transfer to the (H2O)n solvent cluster is observed up to n = 4. In addition to ammonium cluster ions, a small population of microhydrated iminium isomers is also detected, which is substantially lower for the hydrophilic H2O than for the hydrophobic Ar environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Zamith S, Kassem A, L'Hermite JM, Joblin C. Water Attachment onto Size-Selected Cationic Pyrene Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3696-3707. [PMID: 35670699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report measurements of the attachment rates of water molecules onto mass-selected cationic pyrene clusters for size from n = 4 to 13 pyrene units and for different collision energies. Comparison of the attachment rates with the collision rates measured in collision-induced dissociation experiments provides access to the values of the sticking coefficient. The strong dependence of the attachment rates on size and collision energy is rationalized through a model in which we use a Langevin-type collision rate and adjust on experimental data the statistical dissociation rate of the water molecule from the cluster after attachment. This allows us to extrapolate our results to the conditions of isolation and long time scales encountered in astrophysical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Zamith
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Kassem
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.,Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), UMR5277, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc L'Hermite
- Laboratoire Collision Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC), UMR5589, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), UMR5277, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
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9
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George MAR, Dopfer O. Opening of the Diamondoid Cage upon Ionization Probed by Infrared Spectra of the Amantadine Cation Solvated by Ar, N 2 , and H 2 O. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200577. [PMID: 35611807 PMCID: PMC9400954 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Radical cations of diamondoids, a fundamental class of very stable cyclic hydrocarbon molecules, play an important role in their functionalization reactions and the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Herein, we characterize the structure, energy, and intermolecular interaction of clusters of the amantadine radical cation (Ama+, 1‐aminoadamantane) with solvent molecules of different interaction strength by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of mass‐selected Ama+Ln clusters, with L=Ar (n≤3) and L=N2 and H2O (n=1), and dispersion‐corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP−D3/cc‐pVTZ). Three isomers of Ama+ generated by electron ionization are identified by the vibrational properties of their rather different NH2 groups. The ligands bind preferentially to the acidic NH2 protons, and the strength of the NH…L ionic H‐bonds are probed by the solvation‐induced red‐shifts in the NH stretch modes. The three Ama+ isomers include the most abundant canonical cage isomer (I) produced by vertical ionization, which is separated by appreciable barriers from two bicyclic distonic iminium ions obtained from cage‐opening (primary radical II) and subsequent 1,2 H‐shift (tertiary radical III), the latter of which is the global minimum on the Ama+ potential energy surface. The effect of solvation on the energetics of the potential energy profile revealed by the calculations is consistent with the observed relative abundance of the three isomers. Comparison to the adamantane cation indicates that substitution of H by the electron‐donating NH2 group substantially lowers the barriers for the isomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität BerlinHardenbergstr. 3610623BerlinGermany
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10
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Vinklárek IS, Pysanenko A, Pluhařová E, Fárník M. Uptake of Hydrogen Bonding Molecules by Benzene Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3781-3788. [PMID: 35446589 PMCID: PMC9082588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of molecules on nanometer-size clusters of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is important for the condensation of water on PAH aerosols in the atmosphere and for ice mantle growth on nanoparticles in the interstellar medium. We generate benzene clusters BzN of mean size N̅ ≈ 300 (radius R̅ ≈ 2.2 Å) as a model system for the PAH nanoparticles. Using molecular beams and mass spectrometry detection, we investigate the uptake of water, methanol, and ethanol by these clusters. All picked up molecules are highly mobile on BzN and generate clusters within <3 ms. The relative uptakes for the different investigated molecules can be directly compared and quantified. Water molecules exhibit the lowest relative pickup probability that is ∼30% lower than those for methanol and ethanol, which are approximately the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S. Vinklárek
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pluhařová
- Department
of Computational Chemistry, J. Heyrovský
Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- Department
of Dynamics of Molecules and Clusters, J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech
Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- . Phone: +420 2 6605 3206. Fax: +420 2 6605 3910
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11
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Mazumder A, Chakraborty P, Sen D, Bhattacharjee C. Separation of trace naphthalene dissolved in wastewater using microemulsion based liquid extractant followed by its detection through UV-photometric method. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Zhu T, Ning P, Chen Z. Structures and spectroscopic properties of low-energy candidate structures for toluene-(H2O)n (n=1–10) clusters. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Fárník M, Fedor J, Kočišek J, Lengyel J, Pluhařová E, Poterya V, Pysanenko A. Pickup and reactions of molecules on clusters relevant for atmospheric and interstellar processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3195-3213. [PMID: 33524089 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective, we review experiments with molecules picked up on large clusters in molecular beams with the focus on the processes in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry. First, we concentrate on the pickup itself, and we discuss the pickup cross sections. We measure the uptake of different atmospheric molecules on mixed nitric acid-water clusters and determine the accommodation coefficients relevant for aerosol formation in the Earth's atmosphere. Then the coagulation of the adsorbed molecules on the clusters is investigated. In the second part of this perspective, we review examples of different processes triggered by UV-photons or electrons in the clusters with embedded molecules. We start with the photodissociation of hydrogen halides and Freon CF2Cl2 on ice nanoparticles in connection with the polar stratospheric ozone depletion. Next, we mention reactions following the excitation and ionization of the molecules adsorbed on clusters. The first ionization-triggered reaction observed between two different molecules picked up on the cluster was the proton transfer between methanol and formic acid deposited on large argon clusters. Finally, negative ion reactions after slow electron attachment are illustrated by two examples: mixed nitric acid-water clusters, and hydrogen peroxide deposited on large ArN and (H2O)N clusters. The selected examples are discussed from the perspective of the atmospheric and interstellar chemistry, and several future directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Chatterjee K, Roy TK, Khatri J, Schwaab G, Havenith M. Unravelling the microhydration frameworks of prototype PAH by infrared spectroscopy: naphthalene–(water)1–3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14016-14026. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microhydration structures of the prototypical PAH, naphthalene, are probed by IR spectroscopy in helium droplets. The sequential water addition produces an extended hydrogen-bonded hydration network bound via π hydrogen bond to the aromatic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Tarun Kumar Roy
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Jai Khatri
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Schwaab
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
| | - Martina Havenith
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Bochum
- Germany
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15
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George MAR, Buttenberg F, Förstel M, Dopfer O. Microhydration of substituted diamondoid radical cations of biological relevance: infrared spectra of amantadine +-(H 2O) n = 1-3 clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28123-28139. [PMID: 33290468 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05299j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydration of biomolecules and pharmaceutical compounds has a strong impact on their structure, reactivity, and function. Herein, we explore the microhydration structure around the radical cation of the widespread pharmaceutical drug amantadine (C16H15NH2, Ama) by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of mass-selected Ama+Wn = 1-3 clusters (W = H2O) recorded in the NH, CH, and OH stretch range of the cation ground electronic state. Analysis of the size-dependent frequency shifts by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/cc-pVTZ) provides detailed information about the acidity of the protons of the NH2 group of Ama+ and the structure and strength of the NHO and OHO hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the hydration network. The preferred sequential cluster growth begins with hydration of the two acidic NH protons of the NH2 group (n = 1-2) and continues with an extension of the H-bonded hydration network by forming an OHO H-bond of the third W to one ligand in the first hydration subshell (n = 3), like in the W2 dimer. For n = 2, a minor population corresponds to Ama+W2 structures with a W2 unit attached to Ama+via a NHW2 H-bond. Although the N-H proton donor bonds are progressively destabilized by gradual microhydration, no proton transfer to the Wn solvent cluster is observed in the investigated size range (n ≤ 3). Besides the microhydration structure, we also obtain a first impression of the structure and IR spectrum of bare Ama+, as well as the effects of both ionization and hydration on the structure of the adamantyl cage. Comparison of Ama+ with aliphatic and aromatic primary amine radical cations reveals differences in the acidity of the NH2 group and the resulting interaction with W caused by substitution of the cycloalkyl cage.
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16
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George MAR, Förstel M, Dopfer O. Infrared Spectrum of the Adamantane
+
–Water Cation: Hydration‐Induced C−H Bond Activation and Free Internal Water Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Förstel
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstrasse 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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17
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George MAR, Förstel M, Dopfer O. Infrared Spectrum of the Adamantane + -Water Cation: Hydration-Induced C-H Bond Activation and Free Internal Water Rotation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12098-12104. [PMID: 32392402 PMCID: PMC7383494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diamondoid cations are reactive intermediates in their functionalization reactions in polar solution. Hydration is predicted to strongly activate their C-H bonds in initial proton abstraction reactions. To study the effects of microhydration on the properties of diamondoid cations, we characterize herein the prototypical monohydrated adamantane cation (C10 H16 + -H2 O, Ad+ -W) in its ground electronic state by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the CH and OH stretch ranges and dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The water (W) ligand binds to the acidic CH group of Jahn-Teller distorted Ad+ via a strong CH⋅⋅⋅O ionic H-bond supported by charge-dipole forces. Although W further enhances the acidity of this CH group along with a proton shift toward the solvent, the proton remains with Ad+ in the monohydrate. We infer essentially free internal W rotation from rotational fine structure of the ν3 band of W, resulting from weak angular anisotropy of the Ad+ -W potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andreas Robert George
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Förstel
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Microhydration of protonated biomolecular building blocks: protonated pyrimidine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13092-13107. [PMID: 32490447 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protonation and hydration of biomolecules govern their structure, conformation, and function. Herein, we explore the microhydration structure in mass-selected protonated pyrimidine-water clusters (H+Pym-Wn, n = 1-4) by a combination of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) between 2450 and 3900 cm-1 and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the dispersion-corrected B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. We further present the IR spectrum of H+Pym-N2 to evaluate the effect of solvent polarity on the intrinsic molecular parameters of H+Pym. Our combined spectroscopic and computational approach unequivocally shows that protonation of Pym occurs at one of the two equivalent basic ring N atoms and that the ligands in H+Pym-L (L = N2 or W) preferentially form linear H-bonds to the resulting acidic NH group. Successive addition of water ligands results in the formation of a H-bonded solvent network which increasingly weakens the NH group. Despite substantial activation of the N-H bond upon microhydration, no intracluster proton transfer occurs up to n = 4 because of the balance of relative proton affinities of Pym and Wn and the involved solvation energies. Comparison to neutral Pym-Wn clusters reveals the drastic effects of protonation on microhydration with respect to both structure and interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Protonation of Naphthalene–(Water)n Nanoclusters: Intracluster Proton Transfer to Hydration Shell Revealed by Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1134-1151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Ahmed M, Kostko O. From atoms to aerosols: probing clusters and nanoparticles with synchrotron based mass spectrometry and X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2713-2737. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation provides insight into spectroscopy and dynamics in clusters and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3351-3355. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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23
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Klyne J, Dopfer O. Microhydration of protonated 5-hydroxyindole revealed by infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2706-2718. [PMID: 30663737 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlled microsolvation of protonated aromatic biomolecules with water is fundamental to understand proton transfer reactions in aqueous environments. We measured infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of mass-selected microhydrates of protonated 5-hydroxyindole (5HIH+-Wn, W = H2O, n = 1-3) in the OH and NH stretch ranges (2700-3800 cm-1), which are sensitive to the spectroscopic characteristics of interior solvation, water network formation, and proton transfer to solvent. Analysis of the IRPD spectra by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ) reveals the coexistence of C3- and C4-protonated carbenium ions, 5HIH+(C3) and 5HIH+(C4), as well as the O-protonated oxonium ion, 5HIH+(O). Monohydrated 5HIH+-W clusters are formed by hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) of the first water to the most acidic functional group, namely, the NH group in the case of 5HIH+(C3), the OH group for 5HIH+(C4), and the OH2 group for 5HIH+(O). The latter benefits from its twofold degeneracy and the outstandingly high binding energy of D0 ∼ 100 kJ mol-1. Larger 5HIH+-W2/3 clusters preferably grow (i) by H-bonding of the second water to the remaining vacant functional group and and/or (ii) by formation of W2 water chains at the respective most acidic functional group. Our IRPD spectra of 5HIH+-Wn do not indicate any proton transfer to the solvent up to n = 3, in line with the proton affinities of 5HI and Wn. Comparison of 5HIH+-Wn to neutral 5HI-W and cationic 5HI+-Wn clusters elucidates the impact of different charge states on the topology of the initial solvation shell. Furthermore, to access the influence of the size of the arene ion and a second functional group, we draw a comparison to microhydration of protonated phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Lemmens AK, Gruet S, Steber AL, Antony J, Grimme S, Schnell M, Rijs AM. Far-IR and UV spectral signatures of controlled complexation and microhydration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon acenaphthene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3414-3422. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV and IR spectroscopic study of the controlled complexation and microhydration of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under isolated conditions using free electron laser FELIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Lemmens
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Gruet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - Amanda L. Steber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - Jens Antony
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- D-22607 Hamburg
- Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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25
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Intracluster proton transfer in protonated benzonitrile–(H2O)n≤6 nanoclusters: hydrated hydronium core for n ≥ 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25226-25246. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations of protonated benzonitrile–(H2O)n clusters reveal proton transfer to solvent for n ≥ 2 and the drastic effects of the aromatic dopant molecule on the network of H+(H2O)n+1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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26
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Xu B, Stein T, Ablikim U, Jiang L, Hendrix J, Head-Gordon M, Ahmed M. Probing solvation and reactivity in ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–water clusters with photoionization mass spectrometry and electronic structure calculations. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:414-433. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron based mass spectrometry coupled with theoretical calculations provides insight into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon water interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Tamar Stein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- People’s Republic of China
| | - Josie Hendrix
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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27
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Chatterjee K, Matsumoto Y, Dopfer O. Aromatic Charge Resonance Interaction Probed by Infrared Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yoshiteru Matsumoto
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceShizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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28
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Salehi M, Heidari Z, Omidyan R. Photophysics of Protonated and Microhydrated 2-Aminobenzaldehyde: Theoretical Insights into Photoswitchability of Protonated Systems. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8849-8857. [PMID: 30365896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoswitchability of a protonated aromatic compound (2-aminobenzaldehyde, 2ABZH+) in its individual and microhydrated states has been addressed based on the RI-MP2/RI-CC2 theoretical methods. Our calculated results give insight into the ultrafast nonradiative deactivation mechanism of the 2ABZH+, driven by a conical intersection between the S1/ S0 potential energy surfaces. Also, it has been predicted that protonation accompanies a significant blue shift effect on the first 1ππ* excited state of 2ABZ by 0.87 eV (at least 50 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Isfahan , 81746-73441 , Isfahan , Iran
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29
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Switching of binding site from nonpolar to polar ligands toward cationic benzonitrile revealed by infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:174315. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5057430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Microhydration of PAH + cations: evolution of hydration network in naphthalene +-(H 2O) n clusters ( n ≤ 5). Chem Sci 2018; 9:2301-2318. [PMID: 29719704 PMCID: PMC5903421 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules with water (H2O = W) is of fundamental importance in chemistry and biology. Herein, size-selected microhydrated naphthalene cation nanoclusters, Np+-W n (n ≤ 5), are characterized by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in the C-H and O-H stretch range to follow the stepwise evolution of the hydration network around this prototypical PAH+ cation. The IRPD spectra are highly sensitive to the hydration structure and are analyzed by dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ) to determine the predominant structural isomers. For n = 1, W forms a bifurcated CH···O ionic hydrogen bond (H-bond) to two acidic CH protons of the bicyclic ring. For n ≥ 2, the formation of H-bonded solvent networks dominates over interior ion solvation, because of strong cooperativity in the former case. For n ≥ 3, cyclic W n solvent structures are attached to the CH protons of Np+. However, while for n = 3 the W3 ring binds in the CH···O plane to Np+, for n ≥ 4 the cyclic W n clusters are additionally stabilized by stacking interactions, leading to sandwich-type configurations. No intracluster proton transfer from Np+ to the W n solvent is observed in the studied size range (n ≤ 5), because of the high proton affinity of the naphthyl radical compared to W n . This is different from microhydrated benzene+ clusters, (Bz-W n )+, for which proton transfer is energetically favorable for n ≥ 4 due to the much lower proton affinity of the phenyl radical. Hence, because of the presence of polycyclic rings, the interaction of PAH+ cations with W is qualitatively different from that of monocyclic Bz+ with respect to interaction strength, structure of the hydration shell, and chemical reactivity. These differences are rationalized and quantified by quantum chemical analysis using the natural bond orbital (NBO) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik , Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstr. 36 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 31423018
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik , Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstr. 36 , 10623 Berlin , Germany . ; Tel: +49 30 31423018
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