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Raïch Panisello O, Jover J, Puigjaner C, Ferrer M, Martínez M. No Switching Cooperativity between Coordinated Azo Ligands on Complexes Having {M II(phosphane-κ 2P)} 2+ (M = Pd, Pt) Scaffolds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16251-16263. [PMID: 39167678 PMCID: PMC11372757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A series of square-planar palladium and platinum compounds with cis-blocking phosphanes and terminal azobenzene ligands [M(dppp)(azo)2](OTf)2 (azo = CN(C6H4)-N═N-(C6H4)CN (iso-cyano), CN(C6H4)-N═N-(C6H5) (iso-Ph)) and [{M2(tpbz)}(azo)4](OTf)4 (azo = CN(C6H4)-N═N-(C6H5) (iso-Ph)) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Similarly to the uncoordinated ligands, the new coordination compounds have shown to be photochemically active with respect to their trans-to-cis isomerization process. Their cis-to-trans back spontaneous reaction have been studied as a function of solvent, temperature and pressure and the corresponding activation parameters determined in order to investigate the mechanism of these transformations. The results obtained are indicative of the operation of a rotational mechanism with no cooperativity between the azo ligands attached to the same metal. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out in order to estimate the relative energies of the different photoisomers for the theoretical interpretation of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ot Raïch Panisello
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Puigjaner
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Golovina GV, Egorov AE, Khodot EN, Kostyukov AA, Timokhina EN, Astakhova TY, Nekipelova TD. The effect of substituent position and solvent on thermal Z‒E isomerization of dihydroquinolylazotetrazole dyes: kinetic, thermodynamic, and spectral approaches. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:177-187. [PMID: 38071235 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been investigated for the thermal Z‒E isomerization of dihydroquinolylazotetrazole dyes with alkyl substituents (Me, t-Bu, and Adm) at positions 1 (dyes 2) and 2 (dyes 3) of the tetrazole moiety in two solvents of different polarity, acetonitrile (MeCN) and toluene. The experimental results show crucial dependence of these parameters on a substituent position in the tetrazole moiety and on a solvent. For dyes 2, Eact and ΔH‡ are lower in MeCN than in toluene that results in a high increase in the lifetimes of the Z isomers: from milliseconds in MeCN to minutes in toluene. For dyes 3, the difference in Eact and ΔH‡ in the two solvents is opposite: Eact and ΔH‡ are by more than 20 kJ mol-1 higher in MeCN, nevertheless, the rate constants for 3 in toluene are comparable with those in MeCN at the ambient temperature and the difference in the behavior is determined by the value of negative entropy of activation. Quantum-chemical calculations of the thermal Z‒E isomerization show the possibility of the process to occur via crossing from the S0 to the thermally induced T1 state. The contribution of this path is highest for 3 in toluene. The analysis of the absorption spectra demonstrates that for the E isomers, the n‒π* and π‒π* transitions are within the long-wavelength absorption band and their positions relative each other are opposite in the solvents: the n‒π* transition is blue-shifted relative to the π‒π* transition in MeCN and is red-shifted in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Golovina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Anton E Egorov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Evgenii N Khodot
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Kostyukov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Elena N Timokhina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Astakhova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Tatiana D Nekipelova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, Kosygin Str. 4, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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Bardají M, Font-Bardia M, Gallen A, Garcia-Cirera B, Ferrer M, Martínez M. Iron complexes of bridging azo ligands in aqueous solution: changes in the thermal switching mechanism on coordination and oxidation state of metal centres. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1720-1730. [PMID: 36655477 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three azobenzenes CN(C6H4)-NN-(C5H4N) (py-iso), CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)CN (cyano-iso) and CN(C6H4)-NN-(C6H4)NC (iso-iso) with good coordinating groups (pyridine, phenylcyano or phenylisocyano) at the ends of the diazenyl unit have been synthesized and fully characterised. These compounds have been used as ligands in the synthesis of water-soluble metallic species by coordination to {FeII(CN)53-} units, either in one or two of the anchoring groups of the derivatives. Both the azo derivatives and their complexes are photochemically active with respect to their trans-to-cis isomerisation process. Their cis-to-trans reverse thermal reaction has been thoroughly studied as a function of the donor groups, solvent, temperature and pressure, in order to gain insight into the rotation or inversion mechanisms involved in the process. A comparison of the isomerisation mechanism between the iron complexes and the corresponding free ligands revealed an interesting fine tuning of the process on coordination of the {FeII(CN)53-} moieties, which may even produce, in some cases, non-photoswitchable species containing typically photoactive units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bardají
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB). Universitat de Barcelona, Solé i Sabarís 1-3, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beltzane Garcia-Cirera
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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Krupa I, Sobolčiak P, Mrlik M. Smart Non-Woven Fiber Mats with Light-Induced Sensing Capability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E77. [PMID: 31906164 PMCID: PMC7022566 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is focused on the facile procedure for 2D graphene oxide (GO) fabrication, utilizing reversible de-activation polymerization approach and therefore enhanced compatibility with surrounding polymer matrix. Such tunable improvement led to a controllable sensing response after irradiation with light. The neat GO as well as surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) grafted particles were investigated by atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. To confirm the successful surface reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy was utilized. The composites in form of non-woven fiber mats containing ungrafted GO and controllably grafted GO with compact layer of polymer dispersed in poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) were prepared by electrospinning technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical performance was characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal conductivity was employed to confirm that the conducting filler was well-dispersed in the polymer matrix. The presented controllable coating with polymer layer and its impact on the overall performance, especially photo-actuation and subsequent contraction of the material aiming on the sensing applications, was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Krupa
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Patrik Sobolčiak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Garcia-Amorós J, Maerz B, Reig M, Cuadrado A, Blancafort L, Samoylova E, Velasco D. Picosecond Switchable Azo Dyes. Chemistry 2019; 25:7726-7732. [PMID: 30924974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Azo dyes that combine electron-withdrawing thiazole/benzothiazole heterocycles and electron-donating amino groups within the very same covalent skeleton exhibit relaxation times for their thermal isomerization kinetics within milli- and microsecond timescales at room temperature. Notably, the thermal back reaction of the corresponding benzothiazolium and thiazolium salts occurred much faster, within the picosecond temporal domain. In fact, these new light-sensitive platforms are the first molecular azo derivatives capable of reversible switching between their trans and cis isomers in a subnanosecond timescale under ambient conditions. In addition, theoretical calculations revealed very low activation energies for the isomerization process, in accordance with the fast subnanosecond kinetics that were observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Maerz
- Chair for BioMolecular Optics, Department of Physics, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Reig
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Cuadrado
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Samoylova
- Chair for BioMolecular Optics, Department of Physics, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Alcázar L, Bernhardt PV, Ferrer M, Font-Bardia M, Gallen A, Jover J, Martínez M, Peters J, Zerk TJ. Kineticomechanistic Study of the Redox pH Cycling Processes Occurring on a Robust Water-Soluble Cyanido-Bridged Mixed-Valence {Co III/Fe II} 2 Square. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8465-8475. [PMID: 29969021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A kineticomechanistic study of reversible electron-transfer processes undergone by the water-soluble, cyanido-bridged mixed-valence [{CoIII{(Me)2(μ-ET)cyclen}}2{(μ-NC)2FeII(CN)4}2]2- square has been carried out. The oxidation reaction consists of a two-step process with the participation of a solvent-assisted outer-sphere complex, as a result of the establishment of hydrogen bonds that involve the oxo groups of the oxidant (peroxodisulfate) and the terminal cyanido ligands of the tetrametallic square. The formally endergonic reduction reaction of the fully oxidized ([{CoIII{(Me)2(μ-ET)cyclen}}2{(μ-NC)2FeIII(CN)4}2]) core by water, producing hydrogen peroxide from water even at low pH values, is also a two-step process. Each one of these processes requires a set of two preequilibria involving the association of OH- and its subsequent deprotonation by a further OH- anion. The structure of the square compound in its fully protonated form has also been determined by X-ray diffraction and shows the existence of strong hydrogen-bonding interactions, in agreement with the rather high basicity of the terminal cyanido ligands. Likewise, density functional theory calculations on the tetrametallic complex showed zones with negative electrostatic potential around the FeII centers of the square that would account for the establishment of the hydrogen bonds found in the solid state. Spectroelectrochemistry experiments demonstrated the singular stability of the {CoIII/FeII}22- complex, as well as that of their partially, {Co2III/FeIIIFeII}-, and fully, {CoIII/FeIII}2, oxidized counterparts because no hysteresis was observed in these measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alcázar
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Queensland , Australia
| | - Montserrat Ferrer
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona , Universitat de Barcelona , Solé i Sabarís 1-3 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Albert Gallen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jack Peters
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Timothy J Zerk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane 4072 , Queensland , Australia
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