1
|
Landeke-Wilsmark B, Nyholm L, Hägglund C. Process Window for Seeded Growth of Arrays of Quasi-Spherical Substrate-Supported Au Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6032-6041. [PMID: 33938763 PMCID: PMC8280595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The controlled growth of surface-supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) is essential to a broad range of applications. To this end, we explore the seeded growth of highly ordered arrays of substrate-supported Au NPs through a fully orthogonal design of experiment (DoE) scheme applied to a reaction system consisting of HAuCl4, citrate, and hydrogen peroxide. Scanning electron microscopy in combination with digital image analysis (DIA) is used to quantitatively characterize the resultant NP populations in terms of both particle and array features. The effective optical properties of the NP arrays are additionally analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), allowing characteristics of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the arrays to be quantified. We study the dependence of the DIA- and SE-extracted features on the different reagent concentrations through modeling using multiple linear regression with backward elimination of independent variables. A process window is identified for which uniform arrays of quasi-spherical Au NPs are grown over large surface areas. Aside from reagent concentrations the system is highly sensitive to the hydrodynamic conditions during the deposition. This issue is likely caused by an Au precursor mass-transport limitation of the reduction reaction and it is found that agitation of the growth medium is best avoided to ensure a macroscopically even deposition. Parasitic homogeneous nucleation can also be a challenge and was separately studied in a full DoE scheme with equivalent growth media but without substrates, using optical tracking of the solutions over time. Conditions yielding quasi-spherical surface-supported NPs are found to also be affiliated with strong tendencies for parasitic homogeneous nucleation and thereby loss of Au precursor, but addition of polyvinyl alcohol can possibly help alleviate this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landeke-Wilsmark
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Landeke-Wilsmark B, Nyholm L, Hägglund C. Seeded Growth of Large-Area Arrays of Substrate Supported Au Nanoparticles Using Citrate and Hydrogen Peroxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6848-6858. [PMID: 32531167 PMCID: PMC7467740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
While seeded growth of quasi-spherical colloidal Au nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively explored in the literature, the growth of surface supported arrays of such particles has received less attention. The latter scenario offers some significant challenges, including the attainment of sufficient particle-substrate adhesion, growth-selectivity, and uniform mass-transport. To this end, a reaction system consisting of HAuCl4, citrate, and H2O2 is here investigated for the growth of supported arrays of 10 nm Au seeds, derived via block copolymer (BCP) lithography. The effects of the reagent concentrations on the properties of the resultant NPs are evaluated. It is found that inclusion of citrate in the growth medium causes substantial particle desorption from Si surfaces. However, the presence of citrate also yields NPs with more uniformly circular top-view cross sections ("quasi-circular"), motivating the exploration of particle immobilization methods. We demonstrate that atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a single cycle of HfO2 (∼1 Å), after the seed particle formation, promotes adhesion sufficiently to enable the use of citrate without the added oxide noticeably affecting the shape of the resultant NPs. The presented ALD-based approach differs from the conventional sequence of depositing the adhesion layer prior to the seed particle formation and may have advantages in various processing schemes, such as when surface grafting of brush layers is required in the BCP lithography process. A proof-of-concept is provided for the growth of large-area arrays of supported "quasi-circular" Au NPs, in a rapid one-step process at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Landeke-Wilsmark
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Hägglund
- Division
of Solar Cell Technology, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu L, Zhao Z, Yu H, Wang M, Li G, Li H, Yan J. A strong hydrangea-like Au–TiO 2 catalyst for round-the-clock degradation of oxalic acid in the presence of ozone. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01439g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a strong hydrangea-like Au–TiO2 catalyst for round-the-clock degradation of oxalic acid by either photocatalytic ozonation or catalytic ozonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Zhenyue Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Mingxi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
- China
| | - Guisheng Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- China
| | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tada H. Size, shape and interface control in gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts for solar-to-chemical transformations. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6308-6313. [PMID: 30949656 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The key parameters in gold nanoparticle-based plasmonic photocatalysts are the gold particle size and shape, and the state of junction between the components. This frontier article highlights our recent advances in the structural design of plasmonic photocatalysts, and their application to solar-to-chemical transformations. As representatives, gold nanoparticle-loaded TiO2 and CdS systems are dealt with in this review. However, the contents would be widely applicable to the design of other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Formation of Surface Silver Nano-network Structures through Hot Electron Regulated Diffusion-limited Aggregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6997. [PMID: 31061505 PMCID: PMC6502826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A surface Ag nano-network pattern is formed by first depositing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on a conductive template, which has a certain defect structure, and then illuminating the Ag NPs with ultraviolet (UV) light in a moist environment. Such an Ag nano-network pattern consists of multiple connected Brownian trees (BTs), which are produced through the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) process. In the DLA process, diffuse Ag+ ions, which are generated by UV light illumination and dissolved by a thin adsorbed water layer on the surfaces of the Ag NPs and used GaN template, settle to form a BT through the combination with excited hot electrons migrating into the template from the Ag NPs. The lateral transport of hot electrons in the template is regulated by the distributions of threading dislocation and point defect cluster in the template, which eventually become the centers of BTs. The structure of a surface Ag nano-network can potentially serve as a transparent conductor.
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Galera AJ, Gómez-Rodríguez JM. Pseudo-ordered distribution of Ir nanocrystals on h-BN. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2317-2325. [PMID: 30662984 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 2D material consisting of a pseudo-ordered distribution of Ir nanocrystals supported on a h-BN/Rh(111) surface is presented here. The particular spatial distribution of the Ir nanoparticles is achieved thanks to the existence of a large variety of adsorption positions within the pores of the h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh template with hexagonal symmetry. The resulting deviations of nanoparticle positions with respect to a perfect hexagonal lattice, which make this material of special interest in the field of optics, can be tuned by the temperature and the amount of Ir. Upon annealing, this material undergoes slight structural changes in the temperature range of 370-570 K and much more drastic ones, due to cluster coalescence, between 670 and 770 K. This relatively high onset of coalescence is encouraging for using this 2D material as a catalyst for reactions such as the oxidation of carbon monoxide or of nitrogen monoxide, which are especially relevant in the field of environmental science. Finally, metal nanostructures exhibiting regular geometries have been created from this material using a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Because of the insulating character of h-BN, these nanostructures could be very promising to use in the design of conductive nanotracks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Martínez-Galera
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tada H, Naya SI, Fujishima M. Water splitting by plasmonic photocatalysts with a gold nanoparticle/cadmium sulfide heteroepitaxial junction: A mini review. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Menumerov E, Golze SD, Hughes RA, Neretina S. Arrays of highly complex noble metal nanostructures using nanoimprint lithography in combination with liquid-phase epitaxy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18186-18194. [PMID: 30246850 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Current best-practice lithographic techniques are unable to meet the functional requirements needed to enable on-chip plasmonic devices capable of fully exploiting nanostructure properties reliant on a tailored nanostructure size, composition, architecture, crystallinity, and placement. As a consequence, numerous nanofabrication methods have emerged that address various weaknesses, but none have, as of yet, demonstrated a large-area processing route capable of defining organized surfaces of nanostructures with the architectural diversity and complexity that is routinely displayed in colloidal syntheses. Here, a hybrid fabrication strategy is demonstrated in which nanoimprint lithography is combined with templated dewetting and liquid-phase syntheses that is able to realize periodic arrays of complex noble metal nanostructures over square centimeter areas. The process is inexpensive, can be carried out on a benchtop, and requires modest levels of instrumentation. Demonstrated are three fabrication schemes yielding arrays of core-shell, core-void-shell, and core-void-nanoframe structures using liquid-phase syntheses involving heteroepitaxial deposition, galvanic replacement, and dealloying. With the field of nanotechnology being increasingly reliant on the engineering of desirable physicochemical responses through architectural control, the fabrication strategy provides a platform for advancing devices reliant on addressable arrays or the collective response from an ensemble of identical nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eredzhep Menumerov
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schreiber B, Gkogkou D, Dedelaite L, Kerbusch J, Hübner R, Sheremet E, Zahn DRT, Ramanavicius A, Facsko S, Rodriguez RD. Large-scale self-organized gold nanostructures with bidirectional plasmon resonances for SERS. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22569-22576. [PMID: 35539709 PMCID: PMC9081445 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are under constant development, since time-consuming and costly fabrication routines are often an issue for high-throughput spectroscopy applications. In this research, we use a two-step fabrication method to produce self-organized parallel-oriented plasmonic gold nanostructures. The fabrication routine is ready for wafer-scale production involving only low-energy ion beam irradiation and metal deposition. The optical spectroscopy features of the resulting structures show a successful bidirectional plasmonic response. The localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of each direction are independent from each other and can be tuned by the fabrication parameters. This ability to tune the LSPR characteristics allows the development of optimized plasmonic nanostructures to match different laser excitations and optical transitions for any arbitrary analyte. Moreover, in this study, we probe the polarization and wavelength dependence of such bidirectional plasmonic nanostructures by a complementary spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy analysis. We observe a significant signal amplification by the SERS substrates and determine enhancement factors of over a thousand times. We also perform finite element method-based calculations of the electromagnetic enhancement for the SERS signal provided by the plasmonic nanostructures. The calculations are based on realistic models constructed using the same particle sizes and shapes experimentally determined by scanning electron microscopy. The spatial distribution of electric field enhancement shows some dispersion in the LSPR, which is a direct consequence of the semi-random distribution of hotspots. The signal enhancement is highly efficient, making our SERS substrates attractive candidates for high-throughput chemical sensing applications in which directionality, chemical stability, and large-scale fabrication are essential requirements. Here we present a two-step fabrication of large-scale self-organized gold nanostructures for multicolor surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We studied the morphology and plasmonic responses of our substrates and performed optical simulations.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schreiber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center
- University of Würzburg
| | - Dimitra Gkogkou
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V
- ISAS Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Lina Dedelaite
- Vilnius University
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | | | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | | | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Vilnius University
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Stefan Facsko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Raul D. Rodriguez
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- D-09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
| |
Collapse
|