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Carvalho VP, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands: synthesis, characterization, and redox properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11436-11444. [PMID: 38904543 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Five cationic ruthenium(II) chelates with the generic formula [Ru(S2C·NHC)3](PF6)2 were readily obtained upon cleavage of the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer with representative imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions (NHC·CS2) in the presence of KPF6. The homoleptic complexes were fully characterized by various analytical techniques and the molecular structure of one of them was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. As expected, it featured an octahedral RuS6 core surrounded by three imidazol(in)ium rings and their nitrogen substituents. The robustness of the Ru-S bonds combined with the chelate effect of the κ2-S,S'-dithiocarboxylate units and the steric protection imparted by bulky 1,3-diarylimidazol(in)ium groups most likely accounted for the outstanding stability of these species in solution. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the five homoleptic complexes featured characteristic waves for a monoelectronic redox process corresponding to the RuIII/RuII couple with E1/2 values ranging between 0.97 and 1.27 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This half-wave potential was clearly dependent on the nature of their ancillary ligands as the evolution of the Ep,ox values roughly paralleled the basicity sequence of the NHCs used to prepare them, in line with the trends observed when monitoring the chemical shifts of the CS2- unit on 13C NMR spectroscopy and the CS2- asymmetric stretching vibration wavenumbers on IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemiro P Carvalho
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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2
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Pérez-Ramos P, Mateo MA, Elorriaga D, García-Vivó D, Soengas RG, Rodríguez-Solla H. Coordination of azol(in)ium dithiocarboxylate ligands to Au(III): unexpected formation of a novel family of cyclometallated Au(III) complexes, DFT calculations and catalytic studies. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9433-9440. [PMID: 38758133 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A series of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes 21-27 of general formula [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] (dppta = N,N-diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide-κ2C,S; azdtc = azol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate-κ1S) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and diffractometric techniques. Treatment of [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes with methanol led to their quantitative transformation into a novel family of (C^S, S^S)-cyclometallated gold(III) complexes of general formula [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] (azmdt = azol(in)ium-2-(methoxy)methanedithiol-κ2S,S) 28-34. All the [Au(dppta)(azdtc)Cl] complexes 21-27 catalyzed the alkylation of indoles, whereas [Au(dppta)(azmtd)] complexes 28-34 were inactive. Among the synthesized derivatives, complex 22 displayed the highest catalytic activity, leading to a series of functionalized indoles in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María A Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Elorriaga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Raquel G Soengas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Humberto Rodríguez-Solla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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Touj N, Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Aldiminium and 1,2,3-triazolium dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from cyclic (alkyl)(amino) and mesoionic carbenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1947-1956. [PMID: 38170157 PMCID: PMC10760461 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of zwitterionic dithiocarboxylate adducts was achieved by deprotonating various aldiminium or 1,2,3-triazolium salts with a strong base, followed by the nucleophilic addition of the in situ-generated cyclic (alkyl)(amino) or mesoionic carbenes (CAACs or MICs) onto carbon disulfide. Nine novel compounds were isolated and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and HRMS techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of two CAAC·CS2 and two MIC·CS2 betaines were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The analytical data recorded for all these adducts were compared with those reported previously for related NHC·CS2 betaines derived from imidazolinium or (benz)imidazolium salts. Due to the absence of electronic communication between the CS2 unit and the orthogonal heterocycle, all the CAAC·CS2, MIC·CS2, and NHC·CS2 zwitterions displayed similar electronic properties and featured the same bite angle. Yet, their steric properties are liable to ample modifications by varying the exact nature of their cationic heterocycle and its substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de Difracción de Rayos X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostella, Edificio CACTUS, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Université de Liège, Institut de chimie organique (B6a), Allée du six août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Palomero OE, Jones RA. Hyperbulky 1,1’-dicarbodiimidoferrocene proligand promotes an asymmetric guanidinate coordination in a Zr(IV) complex. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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5
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Zain Aldin M, Zaragoza G, Deschamps W, Tomani JCD, Souopgui J, Delaude L. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Water-Soluble, Dual Anionic and Cationic Ruthenium-Arene Complexes Bearing Imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16769-16781. [PMID: 34669374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic protocol was devised for the preparation of five cationic ruthenium-arene complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands from the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer and 2 equiv of an NHC·CS2 zwitterion. The reactions proceeded cleanly and swiftly in dichloromethane at room temperature to afford the expected [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)]Cl products in quantitative yields. When the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer was reacted with only 1 equiv of a dithiolate betaine under the same experimental conditions, a set of five bimetallic compounds with the generic formula [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)][RuCl3(p-cymene)] was obtained in quantitative yields. These novel, dual anionic and cationic ruthenium-arene complexes were fully characterized by various analytical techniques. NMR titrations showed that the chelation of the dithiocarboxylate ligands to afford [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·NHC)]+ cations was quantitative and irreversible. Conversely, the formation of the [RuCl3(p-cymene)]- anion was limited by an equilibrium, and this species readily dissociated into Cl- anions and the [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 dimer. The position of the equilibrium was strongly influenced by the nature of the solvent and was rather insensitive to the temperature. Two monometallic and two bimetallic complexes cocrystallized with water, and their molecular structures were solved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallography revealed the existence of strong interactions between the azolium ring protons of the cationic complexes and neighboring donor groups from the anions or the solvent. The various compounds under investigation were highly soluble in water. They were all strongly cytotoxic against K562 cancer cells. Furthermore, with a selectivity index of 32.1, the [RuCl(p-cymene)(S2C·SIDip)]Cl complex remarkably targeted the erythroleukemic cells vs mouse splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zain Aldin
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du six Août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, RIAIDT, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - William Deschamps
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Didelot Tomani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis, MolSys Research Unit, Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a), Université de Liège, Allée du six Août 13, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Synthesis of ruthenium–dithiocarbamate chelates bearing diphosphine ligands and their use as latent initiators for atom transfer radical additions. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Mazars F, Hrubaru M, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Delaude L. Synthesis of Azolium‐2‐dithiocarboxylate Zwitterions under Mild, Aerobic Conditions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Mazars
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Madalina Hrubaru
- Center for Organic Chemistry “Costin D. Nenitescu” Romanian Academy Spl Independentei Bucureşti, 202B 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry Université de Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis MolSys Research Unit Université de Liège Institut de Chimie Organique (B6a) Allée du six Août 13 4000 Liège Belgium
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8
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Synthesis and characterization of cationic manganese–carbonyl complexes bearing imidazol(in)ium-2-dithiocarboxylate ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Nahhas DR, Corrigan JF. Synthesis and characterization of ITr-protected group 11 metal trimethylsilylchalcogenolates. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis of group 11 metal trimethylsilylchalcogenolate complexes [(ITr)M-ESiMe3] stabilized by the large NHC ligand bis-1,3-tritylimidazole-2-ylidene (ITr). The thiolates and selenolates of Cu, Ag, and Au are accessed from either [(ITr)MOAc] (M = Cu, Ag) and E(SiMe3)2 or [(ITr)AuCl] and Li[ESiMe3] (E = S, Se). All complexes were characterized spectroscopically and, for the copper coordination compounds, via single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickron R. Nahhas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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10
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Structure of copper(I) and silver(I) complexes with zwitterionic ligands derived from N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Morkovnik A, Zubenko A, Divaeva L, Demidov O, Gribanova T, Sochnev V, Klimenko A, Dobaeva N, Borodkin G, Drobin Y, Fetisov L, Kononenko K. A general method for the synthesis of heterocyclic dithiocarboxylate betaines: Potential precursors of NHC based on a novel type of functionalization of the methyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Marchetti F. Constructing Organometallic Architectures from Aminoalkylidyne Diiron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124 Pisa Italy
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13
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Zain Aldin M, Maho A, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic evaluation of ruthenium–diphosphine complexes bearing xanthate ligands. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13926-13938. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nine ruthenium chelates with the generic formula [Ru(S2COEt)2(diphos)] were synthesized and fully characterized. Their catalytic activity was probed in three distinct reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Maho
- GreenMAT
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X
- RIAIDT
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- 15782 Santiago de Compostela
- Spain
| | - Albert Demonceau
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Catalysis
- Institut de Chimie (B6a)
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
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Beltrán TF, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Small iron-carbonyl clusters bearing imidazolium-2-trithioperoxycarboxylate ligands. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13002-13009. [PMID: 28936533 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Fe2(CO)9] with two representative imidazolium-2-dithiocarboxylate zwitterions derived from common N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) bearing mesityl (IMes) or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituents on their nitrogen atoms (IDip) unexpectedly afforded two small bimetallic iron-carbonyl clusters with the generic formula [Fe2(CO)6(μ-κ2-S,S'-κ2-S,S'-S3C·NHC)]. After a brief optimization of the reaction conditions, these two "sulfur-enriched" products were isolated in low yields. They were fully characterized by IR, NMR, UV/Visible, and ESI-MS techniques, and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The two compounds adopted a butterfly-type disposition in the solid state, with an [Fe2(CO)6] core bridged by the trithioperoxycarboxylate moiety of the in situ generated NHC·CS3 ligands. Bond lengths recorded for the CS3- unit revealed that its negative charge was mostly located on the remote sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás F Beltrán
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Allée du six Août 13, Quartier Agora, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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