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Lamprecht A, Arrowsmith M, Dietz M, Fuchs S, Rempel A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis, reduction and C-H activation chemistry of azaborinines with redox-active organoboryl substituents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1004-1013. [PMID: 38088750 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03826b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The 2,3,4,5,6-pentaphenyl-1,2-azaborinin-1-yl (PPAB) potassium complex 1 undergoes facile salt metathesis with 9,10-dibromo-9,10-dihydroboraanthracene (DBABr2), 5-bromodibenzo[b,d]borole (DBBBr), 1-chlorotetraphenylborole (TPBCl) and dibromo(phenyl)borane (BBr2Ph) to yield the corresponding N-borylated azaborinines N-DBABr-PPAB (2, which hydrolyses and dimerises to the oxo-bridged N,N'-O(DBA)2-(PPAB)2, 3), N,N'-DBA-(PPAB)2 (4), N-DBB-PPAB (5), N-PPB-PPAB (7) and N-BBrPh-PPBA (9). Stepwise reduction of 4 yields the corresponding stable radical anion 4˙- and dianion 42-. One-electron reduction of 5 with KC8 yields the purple radical anion 5˙-, which forms a highly insoluble coordination polymer. 5˙- undergoes very slow radical intramolecular ortho-C-H activation at the C4-phenyl substituent of the PPAB moiety, yielding a BN-analogue of the 5,5'-spiro-bi[dibenzoborole] anion, [6]K. Compound 7 cannot be isolated and undergoes spontaneous and diastereoselective 2,5-anti-addition of the ortho-C-H bond of the PPAB C4-phenyl substituent to yield a novel BNB-analogue of the triply fused dihydrocyclopenta[l]phenanthrene cation, compound 8. Finally the one-electron reduction of 9 results in the ortho-C-H activation of the PPAB C4-phenyl substituent at an in situ-generated dicoordinate boryl anion (10), resulting in the formation of a BNB-analogue of 9H-fluorene, the borate 11-. DFT calculations provide a rationale for the diverse C-H activations observed in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Fuchs S, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Haley L, Baštovanović M, Fest M, Radacki K, Helten H, Braunschweig H. Diboramacrocycles: reversible borole dimerisation-dissociation systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2932-2938. [PMID: 35382462 PMCID: PMC8905844 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06908j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that the outcome of the tin–boron exchange reaction of a mixed thiophene-benzo-fused stannole with aryldibromoboranes is associated with the steric bulk of the aryl substituent of the borane reagent, leading to either boroles or large diboracycles as products. NMR spectroscopic studies indicate that the two products can reversibly interconvert in solution, and mechanistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal boroles to be intermediates in the formation of the diboracyclic products. The addition of Lewis bases to the diboracycles leads to the corresponding borole adducts, demonstrating that they react as “masked” boroles. Additionally, the reaction of the title compounds with a series of organic azides affords complex heteropropellanes, formally 2 : 1 borole-azide adducts, that deviate from the usual BN aromatic compounds formed via nitrogen atom insertion into the boroles. Diboramacrocycles are a new form of borole dimers, participating in various addition reactions as “masked” boroles. The reaction of a less crowded diboramacrocycle with organic azides affords unprecedented complex heteropropellanes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Laura Haley
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marta Baštovanović
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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3
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Zucca A, Pilo MI. Rollover Cyclometalation as a Valuable Tool for Regioselective C-H Bond Activation and Functionalization. Molecules 2021; 26:E328. [PMID: 33435257 PMCID: PMC7827749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rollover cyclometalation constitutes a particular case of cyclometallation reaction. This reaction occurs when a chelated heterocyclic ligand loses its bidentate coordination mode and undergoes an internal rotation, after which a remote C-H bond is regioselectively activated, affording an uncommon cyclometalated complex, called "rollover cyclometalated complex". The key of the process is the internal rotation of the ligand, which occurs before the C-H bond activation and releases from coordination a donor atom. The new "rollover" ligand has peculiar properties, being a ligand with multiple personalities, no more a spectator in the reactivity of the complex. The main reason of this peculiarity is the presence of an uncoordinated donor atom (the one initially involved in the chelation), able to promote a series of reactions not available for classic cyclometalated complexes. The rollover reaction is highly regioselective, because the activated C-H bond is usually in a symmetric position with respect to the donor atom which detaches from the metal stating the rollover process. Due to this novel behavior, a series of potential applications have appeared in the literature, in fields such as catalysis, organic synthesis, and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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4
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Himeno R, Ito S, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Synthesis, crystal structure, solid-state optical property and C–H activation of sp 3 carbon of highly-stable 1-(2′,6′-dimesitylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylborole. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a borole having near-infrared absorption and found transformation to the unexpected fused molecule through C–H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Himeno
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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5
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Su X, Baker JJ, Martin CD. Dimeric boroles: effective sources of monomeric boroles for heterocycle synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 11:126-131. [PMID: 32110363 PMCID: PMC7012074 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimeric boroles as thermal sources of monomers.
Monomeric boroles have been gaining attention as reagents for the synthesis of heterocycles due to their ability to insert atoms into the BC4 ring in a single step. Although unique boron frameworks can be accessed via this methodology, the products feature aryl substitution on the carbon centers as steric bulk is required to preclude borole dimerization. This work demonstrates that insertion chemistry is possible with Diels–Alder dimeric boroles and that such reactivity is not exclusive to monomeric boroles with bulky groups. With 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylborole dimer, the formal 1,1-insertion of a nitrene and sulfur generate the six-membered aromatic 1,2-azaborine and 1,2-thiaborine, respectively. The isolation of the 1,2-thiaborine enabled the synthesis of an η6-chromium complex. Benzophenone and diphenylketene readily insert a CO unit to generate BOC5 seven-membered rings confirming dimeric boroles can serve as monomeric synthons in 1,2-insertion reactions. An epoxide did not furnish the anticipated eight-membered BOC6 ring, instead provided a bicyclic system with a BOC3 ring. The insertion chemistry was demonstrated with two other borole dimers featuring different substitution with diphenylketene as a substrate. This work elevates borole insertion chemistry to a new level to access products that do not require bulky substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
| | - J J Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
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6
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Kashida J, Shoji Y, Fukushima T. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cyclic Borane-Amidine Conjugated Molecules Formed by Direct 1,2-Carboboration of Carbodiimides with 9-Borafluorenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1879-1885. [PMID: 30715795 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Efficient 1,2-carboboration reactions to the C=N bond of carbodiimides with 9-borafluorenes, which give rise to cyclic borane-amidine conjugates with a seven-membered BNC5 ring, are reported. The resulting cyclic borane-amidine conjugates can be hydrolyzed into an acyclic bifunctional biaryl compound carrying both boronic acid and amidine groups, rendering the utility of the two-step protocol for the synthesis of multi-functionalized molecular systems with a potential as a supramolecular building block. Furthermore, the conjugated structure of the cyclic boron-amidine compounds can be changed upon alkylation of the boron atom that increases the coordination number of boron. The combination of Lewis acid (borane) and conjugated base (amidine) provides rich structural diversity of heteroatom-containing π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Kashida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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7
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Heitkemper T, Sindlinger CP. Electronic Push-Pull Modulation by Peripheral Substituents in Pentaaryl Boroles. Chemistry 2019; 25:6628-6637. [PMID: 30861220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Establishing access to a bulky tetraaryl dilithiobutadiene (Ph*C)4 Li2 (Ph*=3,5-tBu2 (C6 H3 )) allowed for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles with incorporated main-group elements. Along with an amino borole, a set of substituted pentaaryl boroles (Ph*C)4 BAr has been synthesized. The examination of their absorption spectra and computational studies by means of DFT granted insight into the influence of peripheral substituents on the electronic features of the parent pentaphenyl borole (PhC)4 BPh. Introduction of the more electron-rich Ph* residue at the carbon atoms increases the HOMO energy, redshifting the visible π/π*-absorption bands compared with the parent pentaphenyl borole. The influence on the frontier orbitals of three different boron-bound aryls with electronically modulating substituents in the remote 3,5-positions Ar=3,5-R2 -C6 H3 (R=Me, H, CF3 ) was studied. The substituents were found to increase (+I effect, Me) or decrease (-I effect, CF3 ) the LUMO energy, thus directly affecting the visible absorption spectra. This represents the first study on HOMO-LUMO-gap adjustments by a combined push-pull approach of a substituted pentaphenylborole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Laperriere LE, Yruegas S, Martin CD. Investigating the reactivity of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with N H, O H, P H, and S H bonds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Baker JJ, Al Furaiji KHM, Liyanage OT, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Diverse Reactivity of Dienes with Pentaphenylborole and 1-Phenyl-2,3,4,5-Tetramethylborole Dimer. Chemistry 2019; 25:1581-1587. [PMID: 30457687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of a monomeric borole and a dimeric borole with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene were investigated. The monomeric borole reacted at ambient temperature whereas heat was required to crack the dimer to form the monomer and induce reactivity. 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene reacts to give diverse products resulting from a cycloaddition process with the B-C moiety of the boroles acting as a dienophile, followed by rearrangements to furnish bicyclic species. For 1,3-cyclohexadiene, a [4+2] process is observed in which 1,3-cyclohexadiene serves as the dienophile and the boroles as the diene partner. The experimental results are corroborated with mechanistic theoretical calculations that indicate boroles can serve as either a diene or dienophile in cycloaddition reactions with dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Khadilah H M Al Furaiji
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - O Tara Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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10
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Braunschweig H, Dömling M, Kachel S, Kelch H, Kramer T, Krummenacher I, Lenczyk C, Lin S, Lin Z, Possiel C, Radacki K. Abnormal Tin-Boron Exchange in the Attempted Synthesis of a Borylated Borole. Chemistry 2017; 23:16167-16170. [PMID: 28960516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Boroles are important motifs within functional materials. With the aim to prepare a pinacolboryl-substituted derivative, the metallacycle transfer from corresponding zirconium and tin precursors has been explored. We show that the reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrapinacolborylstannole with dichloro(phenyl)borane does not provide the desired borole, but instead a stannyl-substituted 1-chloroboracyclopent-3-ene. Spectroscopic and structural details of this highly functionalized boracycle indicate that intramolecular interactions between the tin and oxygen atoms of the boryl substituents may account for the unexpected outcome of the tin-boron exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Dömling
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kachel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Kelch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kramer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Christian Possiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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