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Nemati Bideh B, Sousaraei A, Moghadam M. Unveiling the key role of metal coordination mode and ligand's side groups on the performance of deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cell. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16070. [PMID: 38992224 PMCID: PMC11239924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Three novel deep-red to near-infrared (DR to NIR) emitters based on mononuclear and dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes with bulky structures were presented herein. For the first time, the unusual effects of metal coordination mode on the electroluminescence properties of a binuclear emitter were investigated. Unexpectedly, the mononuclear complexes showed superior performance in deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells (DR-LEC) compared to the dinuclear complex. Likewise, substituting various ancillary ligands improved the radiance and lifetime of devices by 2.5 and 1.5 times, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained efficiency is among the best reported to date for DR-LECs based on ruthenium polypyridyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nemati Bideh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Sousaraei
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
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De Kreijger S, Cauët E, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Synthesis of Ru(II) and Os(II) photosensitizers bearing one 9,10-diamino-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene scaffold. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10270-10284. [PMID: 38829264 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of eight Ru(II) and Os(II) photosensitizers bearing a common 9,10-disubstituted-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene backbone is reported. With Os(II) photosensitizers, the 9,10-diNH2-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene could be directly chelated onto the metal center via the heteroaromatic moiety, whereas similar conditions using Ru(II) resulted in the formation of an o-quinonediimine derivative. Hence, an alternative route, proceeding via the chelation of 9-NH2-10-NO2-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene and subsequent ligand reduction of the corresponding photosensitizers was developed. Photosensitizers chelated via the polypyridyl-type moiety exhibited classical photophysical properties whereas the o-quinonediimine chelated Ru(II) analogues exhibited red-shifted absorption (520 nm) and no photoluminescence at room temperature in acetonitrile. The most promising photosensitizers were investigated for excited-state quenching with guanosine-5'-monophosphate in aqueous buffered conditions where reductive excited-state electron transfer was observed by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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3
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Goodwin MJ, Dickenson JC, Ripak A, Deetz AM, McCarthy JS, Meyer GJ, Troian-Gautier L. Factors that Impact Photochemical Cage Escape Yields. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7379-7464. [PMID: 38743869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of visible light to mediate chemical reactions in fluid solutions has applications that range from solar fuel production to medicine and organic synthesis. These reactions are typically initiated by electron transfer between a photoexcited dye molecule (a photosensitizer) and a redox-active quencher to yield radical pairs that are intimately associated within a solvent cage. Many of these radicals undergo rapid thermodynamically favored "geminate" recombination and do not diffuse out of the solvent cage that surrounds them. Those that do escape the cage are useful reagents that may undergo subsequent reactions important to the above-mentioned applications. The cage escape process and the factors that determine the yields remain poorly understood despite decades of research motivated by their practical and fundamental importance. Herein, state-of-the-art research on light-induced electron transfer and cage escape that has appeared since the seminal 1972 review by J. P. Lorand entitled "The Cage Effect" is reviewed. This review also provides some background for those new to the field and discusses the cage escape process of both homolytic bond photodissociation and bimolecular light induced electron transfer reactions. The review concludes with some key goals and directions for future research that promise to elevate this very vibrant field to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexia Ripak
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexander M Deetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jackson S McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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De Kreijger S, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Photooxidation in Acetonitrile/Water Mixtures Using Binuclear Iridium(III) Photosensitizers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16196-16202. [PMID: 37734153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two iridium(III) binuclear photosensitizers, [Ir(dFCF3ppy)2(N-N)Ir(dFCF3ppy)2]2+, where N-N is tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2‴,3‴-j]phenazine (Ir-TPPHZ) and 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene[9,10-b]-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (Ir-TAPHAT) are reported for iodide, bromide, and chloride photooxidation in acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water mixtures using blue-light irradiation. Excited-state reduction potentials Ered* of +2.02 and +2.09 V vs NHE were determined for Ir-TPPHZ and Ir-TAPHAT, respectively. Both photosensitizers' excited states were efficiently quenched by iodide, bromide, and chloride with quenching rate constants in the (3.5-9.2) × 1010 and (0.0036-2.9) × 1010 M-1 s-1 ranges in neat acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water mixtures, respectively. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provided unambiguous evidence of reductive excited-state electron transfer, with all halides in the solvent mixtures containing up to 50% water. Cage-escape yields were large (55-96%) in acetonitrile and dropped below 32% in 50:50 acetonitrile/water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Nemati Bideh B, Shahroosvand H. New Molecularly Engineered Binuclear Ruthenium (II) Complexes for Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell (NIR-LEC). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3652-3660. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03212g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: From practical point of view, the stability, response time and efficiency of near-infrared light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC) are key factors. By using the high potential of chemical modification potential...
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Pearson JW, Endean RT, Rasu L, Bergens SH. Investigation into the properties of a ruthenium(polypyridyl)-NHC compound. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric imidazolium salt [Ru(dmbpy)2(bpip)](PF6)3 (bpip = 1-benzyl-3-isopropyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinium) was prepared by a four-step synthetic route. The isotopomer labelled with 13C at the C2 position of bpip was prepared from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diamine and triethyl orthoformate-(formyl-13C). Deprotonation at low temperatures in acetonitrile using KO t Bu and KHMDS were monitored by NMR to investigate the formation of the free N-heterocyclic carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Pearson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Riley T. Endean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Loorthuraja Rasu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Steven H. Bergens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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Cerfontaine S, Troian-Gautier L, Duez Q, Cornil J, Gerbaux P, Elias B. MLCT Excited-State Behavior of Trinuclear Ruthenium(II) 2,2'-Bipyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:366-379. [PMID: 33351615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Four trinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized, and a detailed investigation of their excited-state properties was performed. The tritopic sexi-pyridine bridging ligands were obtained via para or meta substitution of a central 2,2'-bipyridine fragment. A para connection between the 2,2'-bipyridine chelating moieties of the bridging ligand led to a red-shifted MLCT absorption band in the visible part of the spectra, whereas the meta connection induced a broadening of the LC transitions in the UV region. A convergent energy transfer from the two peripheral metal centers to the central Ru(II) moiety was observed for all trinuclear complexes. These complexes were in thermal equilibrium with an upper-lying 3MLCT excited state over the investigated range of temperatures. For all complexes, deactivation via the 3MC excited state was absent at room temperature. Importantly, the connection in the para position for both central and peripheral 2,2'-bipyridines of the bridging ligand resulted in a trinuclear complex (Tpp) that absorbed more visible light, had a longer-lived excited state, and had a higher photoluminescence quantum yield than the parent [Ru(bpy)3]2+, despite its red-shifted photoluminescence. This behavior was attributed to the presence of a highly delocalized excited state for Tpp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cerfontaine
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.,Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP) - University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Amiri M, Martinez Perez O, Endean RT, Rasu L, Nepal P, Xu S, Bergens SH. Solid-phase synthesis and photoactivity of Ru-polypyridyl visible light chromophores bonded through carbon to semiconductor surfaces. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10173-10184. [PMID: 32666974 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01776k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) was grafted to either indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors (SC's) by electrochemical reduction of 5-diazo-phen. The phen ligand is bonded to the semiconductor at C5, and it can be handled in air. The semiconductor-phen (SC-phen) complexes displace both CH3CN ligands from either cis-[Ru(Mebipy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (Mebipy = 4,4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine), cis-[Ru(tBubipy)2(CH3CN)2]2+ (tBubipy = 4,4'-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), or cis-[Ru(pheno)(bipy)(CH3CN)2]2+ (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine; pheno = 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) dissolved in DCM/THF (4 h, 70 °C) to form the corresponding surface-bound SC-[(phen)Ru(bipyridyl)2]2+ chromophores. The identities of the SC-[(phen)Ru(Mebipy)2]2+, SC-[(phen)Ru(tBubipy)2]2+, and SC-[(phen)Ru(pheno)(bipy)]2+ (SC = ITO, FTO or TiO2) chromophores were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); UV-vis and reflectance infrared spectroscopies; and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The data were compared to analogous Ru-polypyridyl control compounds dissolved in solution. A facile ketone-amine condensation solid-phase synthesis reaction between SC-[(phen)Ru(pheno)(bipy)]2+ and [Ru(1,10-phenthroline-5,6-diamine)(bipy)2]2+ in ethanol (80 °C, 1 h) formed the dinuclear, bound chromophore SC-[(phen)(bipy)Ru(tpphz)Ru(bipy)2]4+ (tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine). Photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and triethylamine under acidic, neutral, or basic conditions showed that the SC-chromophore photoanodes are active, and that TiO2-[(phen)Ru(Mebipy)2]2+ is the most active and stable under basic- and neutral conditions. The dinuclear chromophore SC-[(phen)(bipy)Ru(tpphz)Ru(bipy)2]4+ was most active and stable under potentiostatic conditions in acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Bevernaegie R, Wehlin SAM, Piechota EJ, Abraham M, Philouze C, Meyer GJ, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Improved Visible Light Absorption of Potent Iridium(III) Photo-oxidants for Excited-State Electron Transfer Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2732-2737. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bevernaegie
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sara A. M. Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Eric J. Piechota
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Michael Abraham
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christian Philouze
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA), UMR CNRS 5250, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Benjamin Elias
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Urriza-Arsuaga I, Bedoya M, Orellana G. Unprecedented Reversible Real-Time Luminescent Sensing of H2S in the Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2018; 91:2231-2238. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Urriza-Arsuaga
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximino Bedoya
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Optical Chemosensors & Applied Photochemistry Group (GSOLFA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Troian-Gautier L, Wehlin SAM, Meyer GJ. Photophysical Properties of Tetracationic Ruthenium Complexes and Their Ter-Ionic Assemblies with Chloride. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12232-12244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sara A. M. Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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