1
|
Park I, Hausen F, Baltruschat H. Friction on I‐modified Au(111) in a Tetraglyme Electrolyte. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhee Park
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 53117 Bonn GERMANY
| | - Florian Hausen
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Physical Chemistry 52425 Jülich GERMANY
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- University of Bonn Inst. f. Physikalische u.Theoret. Chemie R�merstra�e 164-Abteilung Elektrochemie- 53117 Bonn GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seidl L, Yesilbas G, Fischer P, Borisenko N, Schneider O. On the failure mechanism of Nb electrodeposition from NbCl5 in alkylmethylpyrrolidinium TFSI ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weinrich H, Durmus YE, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel RA. Silicon and Iron as Resource-Efficient Anode Materials for Ambient-Temperature Metal-Air Batteries: A Review. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132134. [PMID: 31269782 PMCID: PMC6651549 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal-air batteries provide a most promising battery technology given their outstanding potential energy densities, which are desirable for both stationary and mobile applications in a “beyond lithium-ion” battery market. Silicon- and iron-air batteries underwent less research and development compared to lithium- and zinc-air batteries. Nevertheless, in the recent past, the two also-ran battery systems made considerable progress and attracted rising research interest due to the excellent resource-efficiency of silicon and iron. Silicon and iron are among the top five of the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust, which ensures almost infinite material supply of the anode materials, even for large scale applications. Furthermore, primary silicon-air batteries are set to provide one of the highest energy densities among all types of batteries, while iron-air batteries are frequently considered as a highly rechargeable system with decent performance characteristics. Considering fundamental aspects for the anode materials, i.e., the metal electrodes, in this review we will first outline the challenges, which explicitly apply to silicon- and iron-air batteries and prevented them from a broad implementation so far. Afterwards, we provide an extensive literature survey regarding state-of-the-art experimental approaches, which are set to resolve the aforementioned challenges and might enable the introduction of silicon- and iron-air batteries into the battery market in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Weinrich
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yasin Emre Durmus
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Ionic liquids have become of significant relevance in chemistry, as they can serve as environmentally-friendly solvents, electrolytes, and lubricants with bespoke properties. In particular for electrochemical applications, an understanding of the interface structure between the ionic liquid and an electrified interface is needed to model and optimize the reactions taking place on the solid surface. As with ionic liquids, the interplay between electrostatic forces and steric effects leads to an intrinsic heterogeneity, as the structure of the ionic liquid above an electrified interface cannot be described by the classical electrical double layer model. Instead, a layered solvation layer is present with a structure that depends on the material combination of the ionic liquid and substrate. In order to experimentally monitor this structure, atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) has become the method of choice. By measuring the force acting on a sharp microfabricated tip while approaching the surface in an ionic liquid, it has become possible to map the solvation layers with sub-nanometer resolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the AFS studies on ionic liquids published in recent years that illustrate how the interface is formed and how it can be modified by applying electrical potential or by adding impurities and solvents.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lahiri A, Pulletikurthi G, Endres F. A Review on the Electroless Deposition of Functional Materials in Ionic Liquids for Batteries and Catalysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:85. [PMID: 30842942 PMCID: PMC6391325 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing functional materials via electroless deposition, without the need of external energy is a fascinating concept. Electroless deposition can be subcategorized into galvanic displacement reaction, disproportionation reaction, and deposition in presence of reducing agents. Galvanic displacement reaction is a spontaneous reduction process wherein the redox potentials of the metal/metal ion in the electrolyte govern the thermodynamic feasibility of the process. In aqueous solutions, the galvanic displacement reaction takes place according to the redox potentials of the standard electrochemical series. In comparison, in the case of ionic liquids, galvanic displacement reaction can be triggered by forming metal ion complexes with the anions of the ionic liquids. Therefore, the redox potentials in ILs can be different to those of metal complexes in aqueous solutions. In this review, we highlight the progress in the electroless deposition of metals and semiconductors nanostructures, from ionic liquids and their application toward lithium/sodium batteries, and in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lahiri
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Giridhar Pulletikurthi
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Frank Endres
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lahiri A, Behrens N, Pulletikurthi G, Yochelis A, Kroke E, Cui T, Endres F. Electrochemically induced phase separation and in situ formation of mesoporous structures in ionic liquid mixtures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau9663. [PMID: 30397654 PMCID: PMC6203224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation is mainly dependent on temperature and composition. Electric fields have also been shown to influence demixing of binary liquid mixtures. However, a puzzling behavior that remains elusive is the electric field-induced phase separation in ion-containing solvents at low voltages, as predicted by Tsori and Leibler. Here, we report the first experimental study of such a phenomenon in ionic liquid-silane mixtures, which not only results in phase separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) but also is accompanied by deposition of porous structures of micrometer size on the electrode. This multiscale phenomenon at the EEI was found to be triggered by an electrochemically induced process. Using several analytical methods, we reveal the involved mechanism in which the formation of new Si-N bonds becomes unstable and eventually decomposes into the formation of silane-rich and silane-poor phases. The deposition of porous structures on the electrode surface is therefore a realization of the silane-rich phase. The finding of an electrochemically induced phase separation not only brings a paradigm shift in understanding the EEI in ionic liquids but also provides alternative strategies toward designing porous surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lahiri
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Str. 6, D-38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Behrens
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Str. 6, D-38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Giridhar Pulletikurthi
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Str. 6, D-38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Arik Yochelis
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Edwin Kroke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Tong Cui
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Str. 6, D-38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Frank Endres
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold Sommerfeld Str. 6, D-38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|