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El-Shawi OE, El-Nashar HAS, Abd El-Rahman SS, Eldahshan OA, Singab ANB. Protective effect of acrocarpus fraxinifolius extract against hepatic fibrosis induced by Gamma irradiation and carbon tetrachloride in albino rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:270-280. [PMID: 35675546 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2087926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is considered as one of the ultimate outcomes of chronic liver disorders, characterized by outrageous cell proliferation and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in sever pathological distortions in the architecture and performance of liver tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the protective properties of aqueous methanol extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius leaves (AFL) against liver fibrosis induced by dual toxicity of γ-irradiation and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. METHODS The animals were exposed to 2 Gy irradiation once/week concurrently with intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 (0.2 mL/100 g body weight) for seven weeks. Afterwards, liver toxicity and fibrosis were assessed biochemically at cellular and molecular as well as histopathological levels. RESULTS The livers of intoxicated rats showed distinct structural and functional changes, compared with the normal rats. The administration of AFL (500 mg/kg, p.o) significantly ameliorated the histopathological manifestations of fibrotic liver evidenced by mitigated steatosis progression, necrosis, fibrotic septa, apoptotic bodies, and immunochistochemical studies of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Also, AFL increased the final body weight, total protein, albumin levels and albumin/globulin ratio. While, the absolute liver weight, liver enzymes, total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced. A significant modulation was observed in hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-β and collagen-1expression. Furthermore, AFL exerted a direct effect on liver fibrosis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation via overexpression of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1, coupled with decease of metalloproteinase-9 activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that AFL effectively improved the architecture of fibrotic liver and modified the biochemical markers of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omama E El-Shawi
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.,Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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2
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Lv L, Shu H, Mo X, Tian Y, Guo H, Sun HY. Activation of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway by Longjing Green Tea Polyphenols in Mice Livers. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221139409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that green tea polyphenol (GTP) could protect against liver injury due to oxidative stress. However, the mechanism underlying the bioactive actions of GTP in the liver has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GTP on the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1) pathway, using in silico and in vivo methods. Furthermore, the regulation of Nrf2 downstream target antioxidant response element (ARE) was also evaluated. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that GTP includes 9 major compounds, and molecule docking analysis demonstrated that most of these polyphenols have a strong binding affinity with the keap1 Kelch domain, where keap1 binds to the Neh2 domain of Nrf2. Remarkably, the predominant compound of GTP, that is, epigallocatechin gallate, displayed the best binding affinity score, which can fully occupy all 3 polar subpockets of the keap1 Kelch domain. The Nrf2, keap1, and Nrf2 downstream target gene expression levels were changed in the livers compared to the control group. It showed that the Nrf2 expression level was significantly upregulated in GTP-induced mice liver across most treatments, while the keap1 expression level remained unchanged. Subsequently, we observed a significant increasing trend in the expression of the downstream ARE, including antioxidative enzymes, liver phase II enzymes, and liver efflux transporters in mice livers. The present study demonstrated that GTP could activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway by interrupting the Nrf2-keap1 protein–protein interaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Lv
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Shu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Mo
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjing Tian
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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3
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Cellular Uptake of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Comparison to Its Major Oxidation Products and Their Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091746. [PMID: 36139820 PMCID: PMC9495782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of reactive oxygen species and reduction of oxidative stress have been identified as key parameters in the prevention of cellular aging. In previous in vitro studies, the tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was found to have both pro- and antioxidant properties, disregarding the low stability under cell culture conditions. Besides hydrogen peroxide, theasinensin dimers amongst other oxidation products are formed. Exact quantities, cellular uptake and antioxidant capacities of these dimeric oxidation products remain unknown. Via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), formation kinetics and cellular uptake of EGCG and its major oxidation products are quantified. The antioxidant capacity is determined on a cellular level using a modified dichlorofluorescein (DCF) approach. As a first result, oxidation product quantities of up to 21 µM each are measured after incubation of 50 µM EGCG. While EGCG is taken up equimolarly, its major oxidation products are accumulated in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells at millimolar concentrations, especially theasinensin A (TSA). Lastly, the oxidation products show higher antioxidant properties than the monomer EGCG. In correlation with cellular uptake, TSA displays the highest capacity of all tested analytes. The findings reveal the strong influence of EGCG oxidation products on its bioactivity in vitro.
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Wang S, Zeng T, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Feng C, Zhan J, Li S, Ho CT, Gosslau A. Multifunctional health-promoting effects of oolong tea and its products. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Hung WL, Hsiao YT, Chiou YS, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. Hepatoprotective effect of piceatannol against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:11229-11240. [PMID: 34676843 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02545g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Piceatannol (3,5,3',4'-trans-tetrahydroxystilbene) is a natural analog and a metabolite of resveratrol present in grapes and red wine. Previous studies have reported that piceatannol exerts a broad spectrum of health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective effects. However, little is known about the hepatoprotective effect of piceatannol against toxin-induced liver fibrosis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of piceatannol in a mouse model of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Oral administration of piceatannol significantly improved the hepatic functions of CCl4-treated mice in both therapeutic and preventive models. Additionally, the immunohistochemical staining results revealed that collagen deposition in CCl4-injected mice was significantly reduced by treatment with piceatannol. Moreover, piceatannol remarkably suppressed the expressions of collagen I, α-smooth muscle protein (α-SMA), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) induced by CCl4. The anti-fibrotic mechanism of piceatannol was associated with the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway. Finally, piceatannol also profoundly alleviated CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative damage by elevating the level of glutathione and catalase activity. Altogether, our current findings suggest that piceatannol may serve as a bioactive agent that inhibits or alleviates toxic-induced fibroproliferative diseases, especially in the prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hung
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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6
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Yue H, Cai W, Li Y, Feng X, Dong P, Xue C, Wang J. A Novel Sialoglycopeptide from Gadus morhua Eggs Prevents Liver Fibrosis Induced by CCl 4 via Downregulating FXR/FGF15 and TLR4/TGF-β/Smad Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13093-13101. [PMID: 34714650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis plays a critical role in liver disease progression. A sialoglycopeptide from the Gadus morhua eggs (Gm-SGPP) was identified having a 7000 Da molecular weight with a core pentasaccharide structure and osteogenesis activity. However, whether Gm-SGPP is beneficial to liver fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, mice with liver fibrosis were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5% CCl4 (10 mL/kg) and orally administered with Gm-SGPP (500 mg/kg) for 30 days. Results showed that Gm-SGPP alleviated oxidative liver damage and lipid metabolism disorder and reduced hepatocyte necrosis and lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, we found that Gm-SGPP increased the number and changed the composition of bile acids via increasing cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) expression, which caused inhibition of ileum farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression and accelerated the cholesterol conversion. Cholesterol accumulation is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Masson staining showed that Gm-SGPP significantly reduced the degree of collagen deposition. Western blotting further suggested that Gm-SGPP downregulated the key gene of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that Gm-SGPP prevented liver fibrosis via attenuating cholesterol accumulation. Our present results provide new ideas for the Gadus morhua egg's high-value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
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7
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Chiu YH, Wu YW, Hung JI, Chen MC. Epigallocatechin gallate/L-ascorbic acid-loaded poly-γ-glutamate microneedles with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:223-233. [PMID: 34087444 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, inherent instability of EGCG greatly limits its bioavailability and clinical efficacy. In this study, we developed a poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA)-based microneedle (MN) formulation capable of maintaining EGCG's stability and efficiently delivering EGCG into the skin to ameliorate AD symptoms. The γ-PGA MN can not only protect EGCG from oxidation, but also serve as an immunomodulator to downregulate T helper type 2 (Th2)-type immune responses. Encapsulation of EGCG into the γ-PGA MN and utilization of L-ascorbic acid (AA) as a stabilizer preserved 95% of its structural stability and retained 93% of its initial antioxidant activity after 4 weeks of storage. Once-weekly administration of EGCG/AA-loaded MNs to an Nc/Nga mouse model of AD for 4 weeks significantly ameliorated skin lesions and epidermal hyperplasia by reducing serum IgE (from 12156 ± 1344 to 5555 ± 1362 ng/mL) and histamine levels (from 81 ± 18 to 40 ± 5 pg/mL) and inhibiting IFN-γ (from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 0.01 pg/mg total protein) and Th2-type cytokine production, when compared to the AD (no treatment) group (p < 0.05). Notably, once-weekly MN therapy was at least as effective as the daily topical application of an EGCG + AA solution but markedly reduced the administration frequency and required dose. These results show that EGCG/AA-loaded γ-PGA MNs may be a convenient and promising therapeutic option for AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)/L-ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) microneedles (MN) capable of providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects on inflamed skin for ameliorating atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in Nc/Nga mice. After skin insertion, the γ-PGA MN can be quickly dissolved in the skin and remain in the dermis for sustained release of encapsulated active ingredients for 6 days. We demonstrated that once-weekly MN therapy effectively alleviated skin lesions and modulated immune response to relieve Th2-polarized allergic response in mice. Once-weekly MN dosing regimen may provide patients with a more convenient, therapeutically equivalent option to daily topical dosing, and may increase compliance and long-term persistence with AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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8
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Chang ML, Lin YT, Kung HN, Hou YC, Liu JJ, Pan MH, Chen HL, Yu CH, Tsai PJ. A triterpenoid-enriched extract of bitter melon leaves alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7805-7815. [PMID: 34231603 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease characterized by excess deposition of fibrillary collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of a triterpenoid-enriched extract (TEE) from bitter melon leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Male ICR mice received TEE (100 or 150 mg kg-1) by daily oral gavage for one week before starting CCl4 administration and throughout the entire experimental period. After intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for nine weeks, serum and liver tissues of the mice were collected for biochemical, histopathological and molecular analyses. Our results showed that TEE supplementation reduced CCl4-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Histopathological examinations revealed that CCl4 administration results in hepatic fibrosis, while TEE supplementation significantly suppressed hepatic necroinflammation and collagen deposition. In addition, TEE supplementation decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive staining and protein levels of α-SMA and transforming growth factor-β1. TEE-supplemented mice had lower mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and toll-like receptor 4. Moreover, TEE (150 mg kg-1) supplementation significantly reduced intrahepatic inflammatory Ly6C+ monocyte infiltration. We demonstrated that TEE could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and α-SMA expression in the liver to reduce collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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9
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Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072162. [PMID: 34201882 PMCID: PMC8308238 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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10
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Ye Z, Zhang X, Huang Q, Zhang W, Ye M. Synergistic hepatoprotective effect of combined administration of Lachnum polysaccharide with silymarin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 46:128159. [PMID: 34077772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, combination therapy has gradually become one of the hot spots. As a new therapy strategy, we investigated the combination treatment of polysaccharide from Lachnum sp. (LEP-2b) with silymarin and compared the effects with mono-therapy. In this study, combining high-dose LEP-2b with silymarin (CH) significantly reduced serum biochemistry indexes (ALT, AST, AKP, LDH), hepatic inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and improved the antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, MDA and T-AOC), in which its effect on TNF-α was very significant (P < 0.001). Therefore, the expressions of related proteins in the JNK/p38 signaling pathway associated with TNF-α were examined. The result showed that CH treatment markedly increased the expression of p-p38 and inhibited the JNK phosphorylation. TUNEL staining, immunohistochemical staining and western blot assays demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect of CH treatment was probably related with inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. In summary, combination of high dose LEP-2b with silymarin would be a more effective method to protect liver injury than mono-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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11
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Liu Z, de Bruijn WJ, Sanders MG, Wang S, Bruins ME, Vincken JP. Insights in the Recalcitrance of Theasinensin A to Human Gut Microbial Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2477-2484. [PMID: 33619960 PMCID: PMC8028050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to low bioavailability of dietary phenolic compounds in small intestine, their metabolism by gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention. The microbial metabolism of theasinensin A (TSA), a bioactive catechin dimer found in black tea, has not been studied yet. Here, TSA was extracted and purified for in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and procyanidin B2 (PCB2) were used for comparison. Despite the similarity in their flavan-3-ol skeletons, metabolic fate of TSA was distinctively different. After degalloylation, its core biphenyl-2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexaol structure remained intact during fermentation. Conversely, EGCG and PCB2 were promptly degraded into a series of hydroxylated phenylcarboxylic acids. Computational analyses comparing TSA and PCB2 revealed that TSA's stronger interflavanic bond and more compact stereo-configuration might underlie its lower fermentability. These insights in the recalcitrance of theasinensins to degradation by human gut microbiota are of key importance for a comprehensive understanding of its health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
- Institute
of Food Science & Technology, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Wouter J.C. de Bruijn
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Sanders
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Sisi Wang
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
| | - Marieke E. Bruins
- Food
& Biobased Research, Wageningen University
& Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The
Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA , The Netherlands
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12
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Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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13
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Gao Y, Xi B, Li J, Li Z, Xu J, Zhong M, Xu Q, Lian Y, Wei R, Wang L, Cao H, Jin L, Zhang K, Dong J. Scoparone alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3044-3058. [PMID: 33090488 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of scoparone (SCO) in hepatic fibrosis. For this, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo rats that were divided into six groups, control, carbon tetrachloride, and colchicine, as well as SCO groups, SCO50, SCO100, and SCO200 treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg SCO doses, respectively. Furthermore, SCO was shown to inhibit Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB; TLR-4/NF-κB) signals by inhibiting TLR-4, which in turn downregulates the expression of MyD88, promotes NF-κB inhibitor-α, NF-κB inhibitor-β, and NF-κB inhibitor-ε activation, while inhibiting NF-κB inhibitor-ζ. Subsequently, the decrease of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB levels leads to the downregulation of the downstream inflammatory factors' tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 beta, thus weakening hepatic fibrosis. Notably, the SCO200 treated group presented the most significant improvement. Hence, we conclude that SCO alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting TLR-4/NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Boting Xi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiongmei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Riming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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He HF, Wei K, Yin J, Ye Y. Insight into Tea Flavonoids: Composition and Chemistry. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1721530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng He
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
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15
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Tao S, Chen G, Xu W, Peng Y, Wan P, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Z. Preparation of theasinensin A and theasinensin B and exploration of their inhibitory mechanism on α-glucosidase. Food Funct 2020; 11:3527-3538. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Theasinensin A (TSA) and theasinensin B (TSB), dimers of tea catechins produced during the processing of oolong tea and black tea, had superior inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients
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16
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Wang Q, Lu K, Li F, Lei L, Zhao J, Wu S, Yin R, Ming J. Polyphenols from Morchella angusticepes Peck attenuate D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute hepatic failture in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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17
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18
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Ma BX, Meng XS, Tong J, Ge LL, Zhou G, Wang YW. Protective effects of Coptis chinensis inflorescence extract and linarin against carbon tetrachloride-induced damage in HepG2 cells through the MAPK/Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:2353-2361. [PMID: 29589629 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coptis chinensis inflorescence is traditionally used as tea and has been popular in the local market. C. chinensis inflorescence extract (CE) exhibits protective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced damage, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The main chemicals of CE were detected, purified, and identified in this study. CE and linarin could reverse changes in cell viability, decrease alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by CCl4 in HepG2 cells. CE and linarin could also phosphorylate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and up-regulate Kelth-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1). The pathways of MAPKs and Keap1 lead to the separation of Keap1 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Free Nrf2 transferred to the nucleus and enhanced the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes. This study provides a scientific basis for the use of C. chinensis inflorescence, which exhibits a hepatoprotective function, as a supplement in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xin Ma
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhi Q, Li Y, Li F, Tian Y, Li F, Tang Y, Yang Y, Yin R, Ming J. Polyphenols extracted from Coreopsis tinctoria buds exhibited a protective effect against acute liver damage. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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