1
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Olowookere FV, Turner CH. Predicting Gaseous Solute Diffusion in Viscous Multivalent Ionic Liquid Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9144-9154. [PMID: 37831616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Calculating solute diffusion in dense, viscous solvents can be particularly challenging in molecular dynamics simulations due to the long time scales involved. Here, a new scaling approach is developed for predicting solute diffusion based on analyses of CO2 and SO2 diffusion in two different multivalent ionic liquid solvents. Various scaling approaches are initially evaluated, including single and separate thermostats for the solute and solvent, as well as the application of the Arrhenius relationship and the Speedy-Angell power law. A very strong logarithmic correlation is established between the solvent-accessible surface area and solute diffusion. This relationship, reflecting Danckwerts' surface renewal theory and the Vrentas-Duda free volume model, presents a valuable method for estimating diffusion behavior from short simulation trajectories at elevated temperatures. The approach may be beneficial for enhancing predictive modeling in similar challenging systems and should be more broadly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feranmi V Olowookere
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0203, United States
| | - C Heath Turner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0203, United States
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2
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Cui H, Glidle A, Cooper JM. Tracking Molecular Diffusion across Biomaterials' Interfaces Using Stimulated Raman Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31586-31593. [PMID: 35801584 PMCID: PMC9305705 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The determination of molecular diffusion across biomaterial interfaces, including those involving hydrogels and tissues remains important, underpinning the understanding of a broad range of processes including, for example, drug delivery. Current techniques using Raman spectroscopy have previously been established as a method to quantify diffusion coefficients, although when using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy, the signal can be weak and dominated by interferences such as background fluorescence (including biological autofluoresence). To overcome these issues, we demonstrate the use of the stimulated Raman scattering technique to obtain measurements in soft tissue samples that have good signal-to-noise ratios and are largely free from fluorescence interference. As a model illustration of a small metabolite/drug molecule being transported through tissue, we use deuterated (d7-) glucose and monitor the Raman C-D band in a spectroscopic region free from other Raman bands. The results show that although mass transport follows a diffusion process characterized by Fick's laws within hydrogel matrices, more complex mechanisms appear within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cui
- Beijing
Key Lab for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology,
School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Glidle
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Cooper
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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3
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Advances in droplet microfluidics for SERS and Raman analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113822. [PMID: 34836710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can realize qualitative and quantitative characterization, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can further enhance its detection sensitivity. In combination with droplet microfluidics, some significant but insurmountable limitations of SERS and Raman spectroscopy can be overcome to some extent, thus improving their detection capability and extending their application. During the past decade, these systems have constantly developed and demonstrated a great potential in more applications, but there is no new review systematically summarizing the droplet microfluidics-based Raman and SERS analysis system since the first related review was published in 2011. Thus, there is a great need for a new review to summarize the advances. In this review, we focus on droplet microfluidics-based Raman and SERS analysis, and summarize two mainstream research directions on this topic up to now. The one is SERS or Raman detection in the moving droplet microreactors, including analysis of molecules, single cells and chemical reaction processes. The other one is SERS active microparticle fabrication via microfluidic droplet templates covering polymer matrix and photonic crystal microparticles. We also comment on the advantages, disadvantage and correlation resolution of droplet microfluidics for SERS or Raman. Finally, we summarize these systems and illustrate our perspectives for future research directions in this field.
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4
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Deleau T, Letourneau JJ, Camy S, Aubin J, Espitalier F. Determination of mass transfer coefficients in high-pressure CO2-H2O flows in microcapillaries using a colorimetric method. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Bezrukov A, Galyametdinov Y. Characterizing properties of polymers and colloids by their reaction-diffusion behavior in microfluidic channels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Wiorek A, Hussain G, Molina-Osorio AF, Cuartero M, Crespo GA. Reagentless Acid-Base Titration for Alkalinity Detection in Seawater. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14130-14137. [PMID: 34652903 PMCID: PMC8552213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report
on a reagentless electroanalytical methodology
for automatized acid–base titrations of water samples that
are confined into very thin spatial domains. The concept is based
on the recent discovery from our group (WiorekA.Anal. Chem.2019, 91, 14951−1495931691565), in which polyaniline (PANI) films were found to be an excellent
material to release a massive charge of protons in a short time, achieving
hence the efficient (and controlled) acidification of a sample. We
now demonstrate and validate the analytical usefulness of this approach
with samples collected from the Baltic Sea: the titration protocol
indeed acts as an alkalinity sensor via the calculation of the proton
charge needed to reach pH 4.0 in the sample, as per the formal definition
of the alkalinity parameter. In essence, the alkalinity sensor is
based on the linear relationship found between the released charge
from the PANI film and the bicarbonate concentration in the sample
(i.e., the way to express alkalinity measurements). The observed alkalinity
in the samples presented a good agreement with the values obtained
by manual (classical) acid–base titrations (discrepancies <10%).
Some crucial advantages of the new methodology are that titrations
are completed in less than 1 min (end point), the PANI film can be
reused at least 74 times over a 2 week period (<5% of decrease
in the released charge), and the utility of the PANI film to even
more decrease the final pH of the sample (pH ∼2) toward applications
different from alkalinity detection. Furthermore, the acidification
can be accomplished in a discrete or continuous mode depending on
the application demands. The new methodology is expected to impact
the future digitalization of in situ acid–base titrations to
obtain high-resolution data on alkalinity in water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wiorek
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andres F Molina-Osorio
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gaston A Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Abstract
The Fick diffusion coefficient matrix of the highly associating quaternary mixture water + methanol + ethanol + 2-propanol as well as its ternary and binary subsystems is analyzed with molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Three of the ternary subsystems are studied in this sense for the first time. The predictive capability of the employed force fields, which were sampled with the Green–Kubo formalism and Kirkwood–Buff integration, is confirmed by comparison with experimental literature data on vapor-liquid equilibrium, shear viscosity and Fick diffusion coefficient, wherever possible. A thorough analysis of the finite size effects on the simulative calculation of diffusion coefficients of multicomponent systems is carried out. Moreover, the dependence of the Fick diffusion coefficient matrix on the velocity reference frame and component order is analyzed. Their influence is found to be less significant for the main matrix elements, reaching a maximum variation of 19%. The large differences found for the cross elements upon variation of the reference frame hinder a straightforward interpretation of the Fick diffusion coefficient matrix with respect to the presence of diffusive coupling effects.
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8
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Nothdurft K, Müller DH, Mürtz SD, Meyer AA, Guerzoni LPB, Jans A, Kühne AJC, De Laporte L, Brands T, Bardow A, Richtering W. Is the Microgel Collapse a Two-Step Process? Exploiting Cononsolvency to Probe the Collapse Dynamics of Poly- N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM). J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1503-1512. [PMID: 33503378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many applications of responsive microgels rely on the fast adaptation of the polymer network. However, the underlying dynamics of the de-/swelling process of the gels have not been fully understood. In the present work, we focus on the collapse kinetics of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) microgels due to cononsolvency. Cononsolvency means that either of the pure solvents, e.g., pure water or pure methanol, act as a so-called good solvent, leading to a swollen state of the polymer network. However, in mixtures of water and methanol, the previously swollen network undergoes a drastic volume loss. To further elucidate the cononsolvency transition, pNIPAM microgels with diameters between 20 and 110 μm were synthesized by microfluidics. To follow the dynamics, pure water was suddenly exchanged with an unfavorable mixture of 20 mol% methanol (solvent-jump) within a microfluidic channel. The dynamic response of the microgels was investigated by optical and fluorescence microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. The experimental data provide unique and detailed insight into the size-dependent kinetics of the volume phase transition due to cononsolvency. The change in the microgel's diameter over time points to a two-step process of the microgel collapse with a biexponential behavior. Furthermore, the dependence between the two time constants from this biexponential behavior and the microgel's diameter in the collapsed state deviates from the square-power law proposed by Tanaka and Fillmore [ J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 70, 1214-1218]. The deviation is discussed considering the adhesion-induced deformation of the gels and the physical processes underlying the collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Nothdurft
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - David H Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja D Mürtz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna A Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luis P B Guerzoni
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Jans
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kühne
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg 1-2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brands
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Tannenstr. 3, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Determination of mass transfer coefficients in high-pressure two-phase flows in capillaries using Raman spectroscopy. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Celebi AT, Jamali SH, Bardow A, Vlugt TJH, Moultos OA. Finite-size effects of diffusion coefficients computed from molecular dynamics: a review of what we have learned so far. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1810685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alper T. Celebi
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Hossein Jamali
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - André Bardow
- Energy & Process Systems Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thijs J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A. Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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11
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Nothdurft K, Müller DH, Brands T, Bardow A, Richtering W. Enrichment of methanol inside pNIPAM gels in the cononsolvency-induced collapse. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22811-22818. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From Raman, we determined an enrichment of methanol inside the polymer in the cononsolvency-induced collapse and donor-type hydrogen-bonding of methanol with pNIPAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Nothdurft
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - David H. Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Brands
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52062 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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12
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Demling P, Westerwalbesloh C, Noack S, Wiechert W, Kohlheyer D. Quantitative measurements in single-cell analysis: towards scalability in microbial bioprocess development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 54:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Wolff L, Jamali SH, Becker TM, Moultos OA, Vlugt TJH, Bardow A. Prediction of Composition-Dependent Self-Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Liquid Mixtures: The Missing Link for Darken-Based Models. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Wolff
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Seyed Hossein Jamali
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tim M. Becker
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A. Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Jamali SH, Wolff L, Becker TM, Bardow A, Vlugt TJH, Moultos OA. Finite-Size Effects of Binary Mutual Diffusion Coefficients from Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2667-2677. [PMID: 29664633 PMCID: PMC5943679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the prediction of the finite-size effects of Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients of molecular mixtures and a wide variety of binary Lennard-Jones systems. A strong dependency of computed diffusivities on the system size was observed. Computed diffusivities were found to increase with the number of molecules. We propose a correction for the extrapolation of Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients to the thermodynamic limit, based on the study by Yeh and Hummer ( J. Phys. Chem. B , 2004 , 108 , 15873 - 15879 ). The proposed correction is a function of the viscosity of the system, the size of the simulation box, and the thermodynamic factor, which is a measure for the nonideality of the mixture. Verification is carried out for more than 200 distinct binary Lennard-Jones systems, as well as 9 binary systems of methanol, water, ethanol, acetone, methylamine, and carbon tetrachloride. Significant deviations between finite-size Maxwell-Stefan diffusivities and the corresponding diffusivities at the thermodynamic limit were found for mixtures close to demixing. In these cases, the finite-size correction can be even larger than the simulated (finite-size) Maxwell-Stefan diffusivity. Our results show that considering these finite-size effects is crucial and that the suggested correction allows for reliable computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Jamali
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Leeghwaterstraat 39 , 2628CB Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ludger Wolff
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Tim M Becker
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Leeghwaterstraat 39 , 2628CB Delft , The Netherlands
| | - André Bardow
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics , RWTH Aachen University , 52056 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Leeghwaterstraat 39 , 2628CB Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering , Delft University of Technology , Leeghwaterstraat 39 , 2628CB Delft , The Netherlands
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15
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Janzen T, Gaponenko Y, Mialdun A, Guevara-Carrion G, Vrabec J, Shevtsova V. The effect of alcohols as the third component on diffusion in mixtures of aromatics and ketones. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10017-10022. [PMID: 35540835 PMCID: PMC9078745 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fick diffusion coefficient matrix of three ternary mixtures composed of an aromatic (benzene), a ketone (acetone) and one of three different alcohols (methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol) is investigated with laboratory and numerical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Janzen
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Yuri Gaponenko
- Microgravity Research Center
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Aliaksandr Mialdun
- Microgravity Research Center
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | | | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology
- University of Paderborn
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Valentina Shevtsova
- Microgravity Research Center
- Université Libre de Bruxelles
- B-1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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16
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Thien J, Peters C, Brands T, Koß HJ, Bardow A. Efficient Determination of Liquid–Liquid Equilibria Using Microfluidics and Raman Microspectroscopy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Thien
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Peters
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brands
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Koß
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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