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Patwari A, Kumar A, Bakli C, Chakraborty S. Non-monotonic variation in the streaming potential in polyelectrolyte grafted nanochannels mediated by ion partitioning effects. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:342997. [PMID: 39155106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyelectrolyte grafted 'soft' nanochannels are known to enhance electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency, paving the way for a sustainable energy harvesting mechanism. However, the true potential of their efficacy remains to be tapped, as attributed to a deficit in accounting for the interplay between solution pH and ion partitioning effect arising due to permittivity contrast between the coated layer and the bulk media, leading to predictions of an erroneous ionic distribution and a wrongly estimated electrokinetic response. RESULTS We unravel the electrokinetic behavior of a pH-regulated zwitterionic polyelectrolyte layer grafted nanofluidic system. To this end, we derive a detailed theoretical formulation that considers the nuanced interplay between solution pH and the ion partitioning effect through a thermodynamically consistent ionic distribution. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a non-monotonic trend in the streaming potential with an increase in the ion partitioning effect, in contrast to a monotonic increase as reported previously. Additionally, we identify a critical permittivity ratio specific to the solution pH at which maximum streaming potential can be obtained. SIGNIFICANCE We shed light on the counterintuitive effect borne from the increased ion partitioning effect, unveiling a hitherto hidden facet of electrokinetics. By elucidating the delicate balance between solution pH, ion partitioning effect, and polyelectrolyte charge, our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interplay shaping soft-electrokinetic systems, thereby paving the way for transformative advancements in energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Patwari
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Chirodeep Bakli
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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2
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Laha S, Roy M, Chakraborty S. Electrokinetics of Erosive Seepage through Deformable Porous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:12878-12887. [PMID: 38865164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Channelization and branching patterns frequently appear in porous structures as a result of fluid-flow-mediated erosion, which causes spatiotemporal changes in the medium. However, most studies on electrokinetic effects in porous media focus on the overall impact of the electric field on electrical double-layer formation in micropores and its influence on ionic transport, without addressing the spatiotemporal erosive characteristics and resulting porosity distribution. In this study, we explore the interplay between flow-induced shear stress and an external electric field on the dynamic evolution of porosity in deformable porous media using semi-analytical modeling. Our numerical simulations accurately predict the differences in porosity and erosive development when the electric field aligns with or opposes the flow, highlighting the importance of the direction of the external stimulus and not just its magnitude. Our findings establish a foundation for electric-field-mediated control of porous media properties and explain electrokinetic transport by considering dynamic porosity variations as a result of erosive deformation, an aspect previously unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampad Laha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Manideep Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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3
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Zhang K, Li X, Yan C, Shi R, Fang Z, Zhou S, Cao R, Tian J. All-Wood-Based Ionic Power Generator with Dual Functions for Alkaline Wastewater Reuse and Energy Harvesting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10259-10269. [PMID: 38551447 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Water-induced electricity harvesting has gained much significance for energy sustainability. Bio-based hydrovoltaic materials increase the attractiveness of this strategy. Although promising, it faces a challenge due to its reliance on fresh water and its inherently low power output. Herein, the energy from alkalinity-gradient power generation demonstrated the feasibility of reuse of alkaline wastewater to develop an all-wood-based water-induced electric generator (WEG) based on ion concentration gradients. The intermittent water droplets bring about uneven distribution of electrolyte and endow delignified wood with the difference of ion concentration along aligned cellulose nanochannels, thus supplying electrical power. The practice of using alkali reservoirs, including industrial wastewater, further contributes to electricity generation. The cubic WEG with a side length of 2 cm can produce an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of about 1.1 V and a short-circuit current of up to 320 μA. A power output of 6.75 μW cm-2 is correspondingly realized. Series-connected WEGs can be used as an energy source for commercial electronics and self-powered systems. Our design provides a double value proposition, allowing for sustainable energy generation and wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rongxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Junfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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5
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Ma S, Zhao W, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Liang C, Wang D, Liu X, Zhan X. A portable microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform for rapid detection of hazardous metal Pb 2+ based on thermocapillary convection using 3D Ag-rGO-f-Ni(OH) 2/NF as a signal amplifying element. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130923. [PMID: 36738616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is causing a great threat to ecological environment and public health, which needs an efficient strategy for monitoring. A portable microfluidic electrochemical sensing system was developed for the determination of heavy metal ions. Herein, the detection of Pb2+ was chosen as a model, and a microfluidic electrochemical sensing chip relying on a smartphone-based electrochemical workstation was proposed for rapid detection Pb2+ with the assistance of thermocapillary convection result from the formed temperature gradient. The 3D Ag-rGO-f-Ni(OH)2/NF composites, prepared by one-step hydrothermal method without any Ni precursor salt, were used to further amplify electrochemical signals under the synergistic effect of thermocapillary convection. The thermocapillary convection could accelerate the preconcentration process and shorten the detection time (save 300 s of preconcentration time). The fabricated system exhibited the exceptional competence for monitoring of Pb2+ range from 0.01 μg/L to 2100 μg/L with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.00464 μg/L. Furthermore, this portable system has been successfully demonstrated for detecting Pb2+ (0.01 μg/L to 2100 μg/L) in river water (LOD = 0.00498 μg/L), fish (LOD = 0.00566 μg/L) and human serum samples (LOD = 0.00836 μg/L), and the results were consistent with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The proposed novel sensing platform provides a cost-effectiveness, rapidly responding and ease-to-use pathway for analysis of heavy metal ions in real samples and shows great potential in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221100, China; Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221100, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China.
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
| | - Chong Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221100, China
| | - Dingkai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221100, China
| | - Xutang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221100, China
| | - Xijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China
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Zhang K, Lei X, Mo C, Huang J, Wang M, Kang E, Xu L. A Zero-Energy, Zero-Emission Air Conditioning Fabric. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206925. [PMID: 36793107 PMCID: PMC10104666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High indoor humidity/temperature pose serious public health threat and hinder industrial productivity, thus adversely impairing the wellness and economy of the entire society. Traditional air conditioning systems for dehumidification and cooling involve significant energy consumption and have accelerated the greenhouse effect. Here, this work demonstrates an asymmetric bilayer cellulose-based fabric that enables solar-driven continuous indoor dehumidification, transpiration-driven power generation, and passive radiative cooling using the same textile without any energy input. The multimode fabric (ABMTF) consists of a cellulose moisture absorption-evaporation layer (ADF) and a cellulose acetate (CA) radiation layer. The ABMTF exhibits a high moisture absorption capacity and water evaporation rate, which quickly reduces the indoor relative humidity (RH) to a comfortable level (40-60% RH) under 1 sun illumination. The evaporation-driven continuous capillary flow generates a maximum open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of 0.82 V, and a power density (P) up to 1.13 µW cm-3 . When a CA layer with high solar reflection and mid-infrared (mid-IR) emissivity faces outward, it realizes subambient cooling of ≈12 °C with average cooling power of ≈106 W m-2 at midday under radiation of 900 W m-2 . This work brings a new perspective to develop the next-generation, high performance environmentally friendly materials for sustainable moisture/thermal management and self-powered applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Materials and EnergyChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Lei
- College of Food ScienceChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Caiqing Mo
- School of Materials and EnergyChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - En‐Tang Kang
- School of Materials and EnergyChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Liqun Xu
- School of Materials and EnergyChongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
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7
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Bandyopadhyay S, Santra S, Das SS, Mukherjee R, Chakraborty S. Non-wetting Liquid-Infused Slippery Paper. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:13627-13636. [PMID: 34752110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-infused slippery surfaces have replaced structural superhydrophobic surfaces in a plethora of emerging applications, hallmarked by their favorable self-healing and liquid-repelling characteristics. Their ease of fabrication on different types of materials and increasing demand in various industrial applications have triggered research interests targeted toward developing an environmental-friendly, flexible, and frugal substrate as the underlying structural and functional backbone. Although many expensive polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene have so far been used for their fabrication, these are constrained by their compromised flexibility and non-ecofriendliness due to the use of fluorine. Here, we explore the development and deployment of a biodegradable, recyclable, flexible, and an economically viable material in the form of a paper matrix for fabricating liquid-infused slippery interfaces for prolonged usage. We show by controlled experiments that a simple silanization followed by an oil infusion protocol imparts an inherent slipperiness (low contact angle hysteresis and low tilting angle for sliding) to the droplet motion on the paper substrate and provides favorable anti-icing characteristics, albeit keeping the paper microstructures unaltered. This ensures concomitant hydrophobicity, water adhesion, and capillarity for low surface tension fluids, such as mustard oil, with an implicit role played by the paper pore size distribution toward retaining a stable layer of the infused oil. With demonstrated supreme anti-icing characteristics, these results open up new possibilities of realizing high-throughput paper-based substrates for a wide variety of applications ranging from biomedical unit operations to droplet-based digital microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Santra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
- Instability and Soft Patterning Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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8
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Singhal HR, Prabhu A, Giri Nandagopal M, Dheivasigamani T, Mani NK. One-dollar microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: Do-It-Yourself approaches. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Zhang J, Zhan K, Wang S, Hou X. Soft interface design for electrokinetic energy conversion. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2915-2927. [PMID: 32159200 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation and utilization of renewable clean energy is of great significance to the sustainable development of society. Electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) based on micro/nanochannels is expected to provide immense potential for ocean energy harvesting, self-powered micro/nanodevices, and small portable power supplies through converting environmental energy into electrical energy. Herein, aiming to get a deeper understanding of EKEC based on micro/nanochannels, several classic theoretical models and corresponding calculation equations are introduced briefly. For high efficiency energy conversion, it is essential to clearly discuss the interface properties between the inner surface of the channel and the bulk electrolyte solution. Therefore, we put forward soft interface designs of solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces, and summarize their recent progress. In addition, the different applications of EKEC, harvesting from environmental energy, are further discussed. We hope that this review will attract more scientists' attention to transform the experimental results of EKEC systems in the lab into available products on shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P. R. China.
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10
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Zhou X, Zhang W, Zhang C, Tan Y, Guo J, Sun Z, Deng X. Harvesting Electricity from Water Evaporation through Microchannels of Natural Wood. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11232-11239. [PMID: 32048827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When external pressure drives an electrolyte solution in a capillary tube with a charged inner surface, we obtain a streaming potential/current. This effect is also manifested when water flows through the microchannels of a tree, which is driven by capillary pressure and natural evaporation. Thus, by making use of natural evaporation, we took advantage of the anisotropic three-dimensional wood structures to fabricate nanogenerators drawing electricity from the streaming potential/current. As a result, direct current can be harvested continuously, simply through a piece of wood. A 300 mV open-circuit voltage and a 10 μA short-circuit current (ISC) were recorded from a single device, which surpassed the ISC values of most previous works by an order. By connecting five wood nanogenerators in series, a calculator can be completely functional, as a demonstration for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wenluan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Junchang Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhengnan Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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11
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Das SS, Kumar S, Ghosal S, Ghosal S, Chakraborty S. Anomalous diffusion in an electrolyte saturated paper matrix. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:678-683. [PMID: 31991501 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion of colored dye on water saturated paper substrates has been traditionally exploited with great skill by renowned water color artists. The same physics finds more recent practical applications in paper-based diagnostic devices deploying chemicals that react with a bodily fluid yielding colorimetric signals for disease detection. During spontaneous imbibition through the tortuous pathways of a porous electrolyte saturated paper matrix, a dye molecule undergoes diffusion in a complex network of pores. The advancing front forms a strongly correlated interface that propagates diffusively but with an enhanced effective diffusivity. We measure this effective diffusivity and show that it is several orders of magnitude greater than the free solution diffusivity and has a significant dependence on the solution pH and salt concentration in the background electrolyte. We attribute this to electrically mediated interfacial interactions between the ionic species in the liquid dye and spontaneous surface charges developed at porous interfaces, and introduce a simple theory to explain this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sumeet Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | | | - Sandip Ghosal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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12
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Kar S, Das SS, Laha S, Chakraborty S. Microfluidics on Porous Substrates Mediated by Capillarity-Driven Transport. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Mani NK, Das SS, Dawn S, Chakraborty S. Electro-kinetically driven route for highly sensitive blood pathology on a paper-based device. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:615-620. [PMID: 31891191 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the sensitivity of colorimetric detection in paper-devices is a quintessential step in achieving frugal diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate an effective way of improving the detection sensitivity of paper-based devices, as mediated by electro-kinetic mechanisms. By directly employing blood plasma, we investigate the electro-kinetic clustering of glucose, a neutral molecule in paper devices. Under the influence of uniform electric field, dispersed glucose gets accumulated in the paper strips. Due to the combination of EOF and electrophoretic migration, we achieve twofold increase in the colour intensity for both normal and diabetic samples. This approach is robust and possesses better sensitivity than conventional colorimetric assays and can be easily extended to other body fluid based diagnosis. These results may turn out to be of profound importance in improving the quality of pathological diagnosis in low-cost paper-based point-of-care devices deployed in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sayantan Dawn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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14
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Sotoudegan MS, Mohd O, Ligler FS, Walker GM. Paper-based passive pumps to generate controllable whole blood flow through microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3787-3795. [PMID: 31612163 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00822e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluid manipulation in microfluidic systems is often controlled by active pumps that are relatively large in size and require external power sources which limit their portability and use in limited-resource settings. In this work, portable, detachable, low-cost, and power-free paper pumps with engineered capillary tubes (referred to as "grooves") that can passively drive viscous fluids based on capillary action are presented. The proposed grooved paper pumps are capable of generating a controllable flow of complex biofluids within microfluidic devices with minimal user intervention and no external power sources. The pumping performance of grooved paper pumps in this study is tested with undiluted, unseparated whole blood samples - demonstrating successful transport of approximately 150 μL of blood within an average time of 5 minutes to 50 minutes, depending on their design parameters. Results for the flow rate of grooved paper pumps indicate that the number of grooves created within the porous paper determines the profile of the generated flow rate. The experimental data also show that as the number of grooves in the pumps is increased, the flow rate approaches a constant value for the entire duration of pumping before the pump becomes saturated. The promising performance of grooved paper pumps with whole blood offers potential applications of these small, disposable pumps in point-of-care diagnostics in which time is crucial and access to external power is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S Sotoudegan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Omar Mohd
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Glenn M Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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15
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Das SS, Pedireddi VM, Bandopadhyay A, Saha P, Chakraborty S. Electrical Power Generation from Wet Textile Mediated by Spontaneous Nanoscale Evaporation. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7191-7200. [PMID: 31507187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-weight, frugal, and sustainable power sources for resource-limited settings appears to be a challenging proposition for the advancement of next-generation sensing devices and beyond. Here, we report the use of centimeter-sized simple wet fabric pieces for electrical power generation by deploying the interplay of a spontaneously induced ionic motion across fabric nanopores due to capillary action and simultaneous water evaporation by drawing thermal energy from the ambient. Unlike other reported devices with similar functionalities, our arrangement does not necessitate any input mechanical energy or complex topographical structures to be embedded in the substrate. A single device is capable of generating a sustainable open circuit potential up to ∼700 mV, which is further scaled up to ∼12 V with small-scale multiplexing (i.e., deploying around 40 numbers of fabric channels simultaneously). The device is able to charge a commercial supercapacitor of ∼0.1 F which can power a white light-emitting diode for more than 1 h. This suffices in establishing an inherent capability of functionalizing self-powered electronic devices and also to be potentially harnessed for enhanced power generation with feasible up-scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Shuvra Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India 721302
| | - Vinay Manaswi Pedireddi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India 721302
| | - Aditya Bandopadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India 721302
| | - Partha Saha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India 721302
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , India 721302
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16
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Meyer S, Clarke C, dos Santos RO, Bishop D, Krieger MA, Blanes L. Developing self-generated calibration curves using a capillary-driven wax-polyester lab on a chip device and thermal gates. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Bhattacharjee S, Roy D, Pal A, De S. Electrohydrodynamic transport of non-symmetric electrolyte through porous wall of a microtube. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:720-729. [PMID: 30362567 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transport of salt through the wall of porous microtube is relevant in various physiological microcirculation systems. Transport phenomena based modeling of such system is undertaken in the present study considering a combined driving force consisting of pressure gradient and external electric field. Transport of salt is modeled in two domains, in the flow conduit and in the pores of porous wall of the microtube. The solute transport in the microtube is presented by convective-diffusive mass balance and it is solved using integral method under the framework of boundary layer analysis. The wall of the microtube is considered to be consisting of series of straight parallel cylindrical pores with charged inner surface. The solute transport through the pores is considered to be composed of diffusive, convective and electric potential gradient governed by Nernst-Planck equation. Transport in the microtube and pores is coupled through the osmotic pressure model for the solvent and Donnan equilibrium distribution for the solute. The simulated results agree remarkably well with the experimental data conducted by in-house experimental set up. The charge density of the porous wall is estimated through the minimization of errors involved between the experimental and simulated data for different operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debashis Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Anish Pal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sirshendu De
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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18
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Abstract
We present a rapid (<10 s), cost-effective, unique single-step method for fabricating paper-based devices without necessitating any expensive instrumentation, simply by deploying correction pens that are otherwise commonly used for masking typos in printed or written matters. The marked regions formed by deposits from the correction pen demonstrate ubiquitous flow resistances to typical aqueous solutions and organic solvents in the transverse direction, resulting in a preferential bulk flow along the axial direction of the paper channels ‘fabricated’ in the process. Considering the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this platform, it is deemed to be ideal for (bio) chemical sensing and point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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