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Rapaka H, Manturthi S, Gosangi M, Lohchania B, Marepally S, Patri SV. Effect of Methylation of the Hydrophilic Domain of Tocopheryl Ammonium-Based Lipids on their Nucleic Acid Delivery Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15396-15403. [PMID: 35571792 PMCID: PMC9096827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-enabled nucleic acid delivery has garnered tremendous attention in recent times. Tocopherol among the cationic lipids, 3b-[N-(N',N'-dimethylamino-ethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol hydrochloride (DC-Chol) with a headgroup of dimethylammonium, and cholesterol as a hydrophobic moiety are found to be some of the most successful lipids and are being used in clinical trials. However, limited efficacy is a major limitation for their broader therapeutic application. In our prior studies, we demonstrated tocopherol to be a potential alternative hydrophobic moiety having additional antioxidant properties to develop efficient and safer liposomal formulations. Inspired by DC-Chol applications and taking cues from our own prior findings, herein, we report the design and synthesis of four alpha-tocopherol-based cationic derivatives with varying degrees of methylation, AC-Toc (no methylation), MC-Toc (monomethylation derivative), DC-Toc (dimethylation derivative), and TC-Toc (trimethylation derivative) and the evaluation of their gene delivery properties. The transfection studies showed that AC-Toc liposomes exhibited superior transfection compared to MC-Toc, DC-Toc, TC-Toc, and control DC-Chol, indicating that methylation in the hydrophilic moiety of Toc-lipids reduced their transfection properties. Cellular internalization studies in the presence of different endocytosis blockers revealed that all four tocopherol lipids were internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas control DC-Chol was found to be internalized through both macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These novel Toc-lipids exhibited higher antioxidant properties than DC-Chol by generating less reactive oxygen species, indicating lower cytotoxicity. Our present findings suggest that AC-Toc may be considered as an alternative to DC-Chol in liposomal transfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hithavani Rapaka
- National
Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Brijesh Lohchania
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical
College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srujan Marepally
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical
College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Manturthi S, Narayan KP, Patri SV. Dicationic amphiphiles bearing an amino acid head group with a long-chain hydrophobic tail for in vitro gene delivery applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33264-33275. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05959b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C14-P, C14-M, and C14-S lipids formed lipoplexes using pDNA. The lipoplex cellular uptake into the cells resulted in the release of nucleic acids. C14-P lipid showed superior eGFP transfection in non-cancer cell line and more apoptosis cell death in cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireesha Manturthi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana-506004, India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department of Biological Science, Bits Pilani-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana-500078, India
| | - Srilakshmi V. Patri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana-506004, India
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3
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Ravula V, Muripiti V, Manthurthi S, Patri SV. α‐Tocopherol‐Conjugated, Open Chain Sugar‐Mimicking Cationic Lipids: Design, Synthesis and In–Vitro Gene Transfection Properties. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Ravula
- National Institute of Technology Warangal Telangana 506004 India
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4
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Asfiya R, Maiti B, Kamra M, Karande AA, Bhattacharya S. Novel α-tocopherol-ferrocene conjugates for the specific delivery of transgenes in liver cancer cells under high serum conditions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7636-7647. [PMID: 34676384 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic genes to a specific organ has drawn significant research attention. Among the pool of various delivery vectors, cationic liposomes (non-viral) are potential candidates for delivering therapeutic genes due to their low immunogenic response. Here, we have developed novel ferrocene-conjugated cationic tocopheryl aggregates as non-viral vectors. These formulations can transfer a reporter gene (pGL3; encoded for luciferase protein) specifically to liver cancer cells (HepG2 and Huh7) instead of non-hepatic cancer cells, such as Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. The transfection efficiency (TE) of the optimum liposomal formulation is more significant than commercially available Lipofectamine 2000 (L2K). Notably, it retains its TE under high serum conditions (up to 50% FBS). A coupled effect from conjugated ferrocene and tocopherol in the cationic liposomal formulation might be responsible for the cell-specific delivery and higher serum compatibility. Therefore, the present proposed delivery system may provide a platform for further progress in terms of developing hepatotropic gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mohini Kamra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Anjali Anoop Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India. .,Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India.,School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
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5
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Ravula V, Lo YL, Wang LF, Patri SV. Gemini Lipopeptide Bearing an Ultrashort Peptide for Enhanced Transfection Efficiency and Cancer-Cell-Specific Cytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22955-22968. [PMID: 34514266 PMCID: PMC8427783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cationic gemini lipopeptides are a relatively new class of amphiphilic compounds to be used for gene delivery. Through the possibility of incorporating short peptides with cell-penetrating functionalities, these lipopeptides may be advantageous over traditional cationic lipids. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and application of a novel cationic gemini lipopeptide for gene delivery. An ultrashort peptide, containing four amino acids, arginine-cysteine-cysteine-arginine, serves as a cationic head group, and two α-tocopherol moieties act as hydrophobic anchoring groups. The new lipopeptide (ATTA) is incorporated into the conventional liposomes, containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), at different molar ratios. The formulated liposomes are characterized and screened for better transfection efficiency. Transfection activity in multiple human cell lines from cancerous and noncancerous origins indicates that the inclusion of an optimal ratio of ATTA in the liposomes substantially enhances the transfection efficiency, superior to that of a traditional liposome, DOTAP-DOPE. Cytotoxicity of ATTA-containing formulations against multiple cell lines indicates potentially distinct activity between cancer and noncancer cell lines. Furthermore, lipoplexes of the ATTA-containing formulations with anticancer therapeutic gene, plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (pTRAIL), induce obviously more cytotoxicity than conventional formulations. The results indicate that arginine-rich cationic lipopeptide appears to be a promising ingredient in gene delivery vector formulations to enhance transfection efficiency and cell-selective cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Ravula
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Srilakshmi V. Patri
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
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Zacheo A, Bizzarro L, Blasi L, Piccirillo C, Cardone A, Gigli G, Ragusa A, Quarta A. Lipid-Based Nanovesicles for Simultaneous Intracellular Delivery of Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Amphiphilic Species. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:690. [PMID: 32719782 PMCID: PMC7350901 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanovesicles (NVs) are the first nanoformulation that entered the clinical use in oncology for the treatment of solid tumors. They are indeed versatile systems which can be loaded with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules, for both imaging and drug delivery, and with high biocompatibility, and limited immunogenicity. In the present work, NVs with a lipid composition resembling that of natural vesicles were prepared using the ultrasonication method. The NVs were successfully loaded with fluorophores molecules (DOP-F-DS and a fluorescent protein), inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles), and anti-cancer drugs (SN-38 and doxorubicin). The encapsulation of such different molecules showed the versatility of the developed systems. The size of the vesicles varied from 100 up to 300 nm depending on the type of loaded species, which were accommodated either into the lipid bilayer or into the aqueous core according to their hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature. Viability assays were performed on cellular models of breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Results showed that NVs with encapsulated both drugs simultaneously led to a significant reduction of the cellular activity (up to 22%) compared to the free drugs or to the NVs encapsulated with only one drug. Lipidomic analysis suggested that the mechanism of action of the drugs is the same, whether they are free or encapsulated, but administration of the drugs by means of nanovesicles is more efficient in inducing cellular damage, likely because of a quicker internalization and a sustained release. This study confirms the versatility and the potential of lipid NVs for cancer treatment, as well as the validity of the ultrasound preparation method for their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Zacheo
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Bizzarro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Blasi
- CNR, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - Clara Piccirillo
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds-ICCOM, Italian National Council of Research-CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics E. de Giorgi, University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
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Muripiti V, Gondru R, Patri SV. Review of Zinc(II) Scaffolds: Efficient Role in Gene Delivery. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkanna Muripiti
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal 506004 Telangana India
| | - Ramesh Gondru
- Environmental Monitoring & Exposure Assessment (Air) Laboratory ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH) Bhopal 462030 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Srilakshmi V. Patri
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal 506004 Telangana India
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Quarta A, Amorín M, Aldegunde MJ, Blasi L, Ragusa A, Nitti S, Pugliese G, Gigli G, Granja JR, Pellegrino T. Novel synthesis of platinum complexes and their intracellular delivery to tumor cells by means of magnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23482-23497. [PMID: 31808496 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are popular in clinics as chemotherapeutic agents to treat solid tumors. However, severe side effects such as nephro- and neurotoxicity impose strict dosage limitations that can lead to the development of drug resistance and tumor relapse. To overcome these issues Pt(iv) prodrugs and platinum delivery systems might represent the next generation of platinum-based drugs. In this study four novel Pt(ii) complexes (namely, PEG-Glu-Pt-EDA, PEG-Glu-Pt-DACH, PEG-Mal-Pt-EDA and PEG-Mal-Pt-DACH) were synthesized and a general strategy to covalently bind them to iron oxide nanoparticles was developed. The intracellular uptake and cell distribution studies of Pt-tethered magnetic nanoparticles on breast and ovarian cancer cell line models indicate that binding of the Pt complexes to the nanoparticles facilitates, for all the complexes, cellular internalization. Moreover, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), as shown in a magnetofection experiment, enhance the uptake of MNP-Pt conjugates if a magnet is placed beneath the culture dish of tumor cells. As shown by a Pt release experiment, intranuclear platinum quantification and TEM analysis on cell sections, the presence of a pH-sensitive dicarboxylic group coordinating the Pt complex, triggers platinum dissociation from the NP surface. In addition, the triazole moiety facilitates endosomal swelling and the leakage of platinum from the endosomes with intranuclear localization of platinum release by the NPs. Finally, as assessed by MTT, caspase, calcein/ethidium bromide live/dead assays, among the four NP-Pt conjugates, the NP-Glu-Pt-EDA complex having a glutamate ring and ethylenediamine as a chelating amine group of the platinum showed higher cytotoxicity than the other three MNP-platinum conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarta
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María José Aldegunde
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Blasi
- CNR, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy. and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Nitti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy. and Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Juan R Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Gauthier L, Varache M, Couffin AC, Lebrun C, Delangle P, Gateau C, Texier I. Quantification of Surface GalNAc Ligands Decorating Nanostructured Lipid Carriers by UPLC-ELSD. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225669. [PMID: 31726778 PMCID: PMC6888163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been extensively studied for drug delivery and targeting to specific organs. The functionalization of the nanoparticle surface by site-specific ligands (antibodies, peptides, saccharides) can ensure efficient recognition and binding with relevant biological targets. One of the main challenges in the development of these decorated nanocarriers is the accurate quantification of the amount of ligands on the nanoparticle surface. In this study, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were functionalized with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) units, known to target the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR). Different molar percentages of GalNAc-functionalized surfactant (0%, 2%, 5%, and 14%) were used in the formulation. Based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography separation and evaporative light-scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD), an analytical method was developed to specifically quantify the amount of GalNAc units present at the NLC surface. This method allowed the accurate quantification of GalNAc surfactant and therefore gave some insights into the structural parameters of these multivalent ligand systems. Our data show that the GalNAc decorated NLC possess large numbers of ligands at their surface and suitable distances between them for efficient multivalent interaction with the ASGPR, and therefore promising liver-targeting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gauthier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Mathieu Varache
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
| | - Anne-Claude Couffin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
| | - Colette Lebrun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Pascale Delangle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Christelle Gateau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (C.L.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.T.); Tel.: +33-438-786-041 (C.G.); +33-438-784-670 (I.T.)
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.G.); (M.V.); (A.-C.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (I.T.); Tel.: +33-438-786-041 (C.G.); +33-438-784-670 (I.T.)
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Muripiti V, Rachamalla HK, Banerjee R, Patri SV. α-Tocopherol-based cationic amphiphiles with a novel pH sensitive hybrid linker for gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2932-2946. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00276b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is one of the barriers for the efficient liposomal gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Center for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500607
- India
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