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Ouyang Y, Lou Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhu S, Jing L, Yang T, Cui H, Deng H, Zuo Z, Fang J, Guo H. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Nano-Se Against Copper-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04153-0. [PMID: 38528285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticle (Nano-Se) is a new type of selenium supplement, which can improve the deficiency of traditional selenium supplements and maintain its physiological activity. Due to industrial pollution and irrational use in agriculture, Cu overexposure often occurs in animals and humans. In this study, Nano-Se alleviated CuSO4-induced testicular Cu accumulation, serum testosterone level decrease, testicular structural damage, and decrease in sperm quality. Meanwhile, Nano-Se reduced the ROS content in mice testis and enhanced the activities of T-AOC, GSH, SOD, and CAT compared with CuSO4 group. Furthermore, Nano-Se alleviated CuSO4-induced apoptosis by increasing the protein expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3, Cleaved-Caspase-9, Cleaved-Caspase-12, and Bax/Bcl-2 compared with CuSO4 group. At the same time, Nano-Se reversed CuSO4-induced increase of γ-H2AX protein expression in mice testis. In conclusion, this study confirmed that Nano-Se could alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage in the testis of mice with Cu excess, thereby protecting the spermatogenesis disorder induced by Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanbing Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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2
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Yang D, Xiao P, Qiu B, Yu HF, Teng CB. Copper chaperone antioxidant 1: multiple roles and a potential therapeutic target. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:527-542. [PMID: 37017692 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) was recently demonstrated to play a critical role in cellular physiological and biochemical processes, including energy production and maintenance, antioxidation and enzymatic activity, and signal transduction. Antioxidant 1 (ATOX1), a chaperone of Cu previously named human ATX1 homologue (HAH1), has been found to play an indispensable role in maintaining cellular Cu homeostasis, antioxidative stress, and transcriptional regulation. In the past decade, it has also been found to be involved in a variety of diseases, including numerous neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has revealed that ATOX1 is involved in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, autophagy, DNA damage repair (DDR), and death, as well as in organism development and reproduction. This review summarizes recent advances in the research on the diverse physiological and cytological functions of ATOX1 and the underlying mechanisms of its action in human health and diseases. The potential of ATOX1 as a therapeutic target is also discussed. This review aims to pose unanswered questions related to ATOX1 biology and explore the potential use of ATOX1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Xiao
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Qiu
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Fan Yu
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Bo Teng
- Animal Development Biology Laboratory, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lutsenko S. Dynamic and cell-specific transport networks for intracellular copper ions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272704. [PMID: 34734631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) homeostasis is essential for the development and function of many organisms. In humans, Cu misbalance causes serious pathologies and has been observed in a growing number of diseases. This Review focuses on mammalian Cu(I) transporters and highlights recent studies on regulation of intracellular Cu fluxes. Cu is used by essential metabolic enzymes for their activity. These enzymes are located in various intracellular compartments and outside cells. When cells differentiate, or their metabolic state is otherwise altered, the need for Cu in different cell compartments change, and Cu has to be redistributed to accommodate these changes. The Cu transporters SLC31A1 (CTR1), SLC31A2 (CTR2), ATP7A and ATP7B regulate Cu content in cellular compartments and maintain Cu homeostasis. Increasing numbers of regulatory proteins have been shown to contribute to multifaceted regulation of these Cu transporters. It is becoming abundantly clear that the Cu transport networks are dynamic and cell specific. The comparison of the Cu transport machinery in the liver and intestine illustrates the distinct composition and dissimilar regulatory response of their Cu transporters to changing Cu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Li Y, Chen H, Liao J, Chen K, Javed MT, Qiao N, Zeng Q, Liu B, Yi J, Tang Z, Li Y. Long-term copper exposure promotes apoptosis and autophagy by inducing oxidative stress in pig testis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55140-55153. [PMID: 34128171 PMCID: PMC8203493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which is being used widely in the industry and agriculture. However, the overuse of Cu makes it a common environmental pollutant. In order to investigate the testicular toxicity of Cu, the pigs were divided into three groups and were given Cu at 10 (control), 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The feeding period was 80 days. Serum hormone results showed that Cu exposure decreased the concentrations of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and increased the concentration of thyroxine (T4). Meanwhile, Cu exposure upregulated the expression of Cu transporter mRNA (Slc31a1, ATP7A, and ATP7B) in the testis, leading to increase in testicular Cu and led to spermatogenesis disorder. The Cu exposure led to an increased expression of antioxidant-related mRNA (Gpx4, TRX, HO-1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, CAT), along with increase in the MDA concentration in the testis. In LG group, the ROS in the testis was significantly increased. Furthermore, the apoptotic-related mRNA (Caspase3, Caspase8, Caspase9, Bax, Cytc, Bak1, APAF1, p53) and protein (Active Caspase3) and the autophagy-related mRNA (Beclin1, ATG5, LC3, and LC3B) expression increased after Cu exposure. The mitochondrial membrane potential in the testicular tissue decreased, while the number of apoptotic cells increased, as a result of oxidative stress. Overall, our study indicated that the Cu exposure promotes testicular apoptosis and autophagy by mediating oxidative stress, which is considered as the key mechanism causing testicular degeneration as well as dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Li
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Keli Chen
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwen Zeng
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingxian Liu
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiangnan Yi
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Redox-Active Metal Ions and Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147697. [PMID: 34299316 PMCID: PMC8307724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-active metal ions, Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), are essential biological molecules for the normal functioning of the brain, including oxidative metabolism, synaptic plasticity, myelination, and generation of neurotransmitters. Dyshomeostasis of these redox-active metal ions in the brain could cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, regulating the levels of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) is necessary for normal brain function. To control the amounts of metal ions in the brain and understand the involvement of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III) in the pathogenesis of AD, many chemical agents have been developed. In addition, since toxic aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been proposed as one of the major causes of the disease, the mechanism of clearing Aβ is also required to be investigated to reveal the etiology of AD clearly. Multiple metalloenzymes (e.g., neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and ADAM10) have been reported to have an important role in the degradation of Aβ in the brain. These amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE) could interact with redox-active metal ions and affect the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we introduce and summarize the roles, distributions, and transportations of Cu(I/II) and Fe(II/III), along with previously invented chelators, and the structures and functions of ADE in the brain, as well as their interrelationships.
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6
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Postrigan AE, Zhalsanova IZ, Fonova EA, Skryabin NA. Modifier Genes as a Cause of Wilson–Konovalov Disease Clinical Polymorphism. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Herman S, Lipiński P, Ogórek M, Starzyński R, Grzmil P, Bednarz A, Lenartowicz M. Molecular Regulation of Copper Homeostasis in the Male Gonad during the Process of Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239053. [PMID: 33260507 PMCID: PMC7730223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its redox properties, copper is a cofactor of enzymes that catalyze reactions in fundamental metabolic processes. However, copper-oxygen interaction, which is a source of toxic oxygen radicals generated by the Fenton reaction, makes copper a doubled-edged-sword in an oxygen environment. Among the microelements influencing male fertility, copper plays a special role because both copper deficiency and overload in the gonads worsen spermatozoa quality and disturb reproductive function in mammals. Male gametes are produced during spermatogenesis, a multi-step process that consumes large amounts of oxygen. Germ cells containing a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes are particularly vulnerable to excess copper-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, an appropriate copper level is necessary to initiate meiosis in premeiotic germ cells. The balance between essential and toxic copper concentrations in germ cells at different stages of spermatogenesis and in Sertoli cells that support their development is handled by a network of copper importers, chaperones, recipient proteins, and exporters. Here, we describe coordinated regulation/functioning of copper-binding proteins expressed in germ and Sertoli cells with special emphasis on copper transporters, copper transporting ATPases, and SOD1, a copper-dependent antioxidant enzyme. These and other proteins assure copper bioavailability in germ cells and protection against copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Herman
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Paweł Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Mateusz Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Rafał Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Magdalenka, Jastrzębiec, Poland; (P.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Paweł Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (S.H.); (M.O.); (P.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Peacey L, Peacey C, Gutzinger A, Jones CE. Copper(II) Binding by the Earliest Vertebrate Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, the Type II Isoform, Suggests an Ancient Role for the Metal. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217900. [PMID: 33114333 PMCID: PMC7663483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate reproductive biology copper can influence peptide and protein function both in the pituitary and in the gonads. In the pituitary, copper binds to the key reproductive peptides gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I) and neurokinin B, to modify their structure and function, and in the male gonads, copper plays a role in testosterone production, sperm morphology and, thus, fertility. In addition to GnRH-I, most vertebrates express a second isoform, GnRH-II. GnRH-II can promote testosterone release in some species and has other non-reproductive roles. The primary sequence of GnRH-II has remained largely invariant over millennia, and it is considered the ancestral GnRH peptide in vertebrates. In this work, we use a range of spectroscopic techniques to show that, like GnRH-I, GnRH-II can bind copper. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the proposed copper-binding ligands are retained in GnRH-II peptides from all vertebrates, suggesting that copper-binding is an ancient feature of GnRH peptides.
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9
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Ogórek M, Herman S, Pierzchała O, Bednarz A, Rajfur Z, Baster Z, Grzmil P, Starzyński RR, Szudzik M, Jończy A, Lipiński P, Lenartowicz M. Molecular machinery providing copper bioavailability for spermatozoa along the epididymial tubule in mouse. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1505-1520. [PMID: 30997485 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive functional maturation of spermatozoa is completed during the transit of these cells through the epididymis, a tubule structure connecting a testicle to a vas deferens. Epididymal epithelial cells by means of their secretory and absorptive functions determine a highly specialized luminal microenvironment containing multiple organic and inorganic components. The latter include copper ions, which due to their redox properties are indispensable for critical homeostatic processes occurring in spermatozoa floating in different part of epididymis but can be potentially toxic. Main purpose of our study was to determine epididymal region-dependent expression and localization of copper transporters ensuring a tight control of copper concentration in epididymal fluid. We also aimed at identifying proteins responsible for copper uptake by spermatozoa and verifying whether this process is coordinated with copper supply to superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a copper-dependent antioxidant enzyme. Our study identifies two ATPases-ATP7A, ATP7B and Slc31a1, major copper importers/exporters depending on their differential expression on epididymal polarized epithelial cells of the caput, corpus, and cauda. Next, ceruloplasmin seems to be a chief protein transporting copper in the epididymal fluid and providing this biometal to spermatozoa. The entry of copper to germ cells is mediated by Slc31a1 and is correlated with both expressions of copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), copper chaperone directly providing copper ions to SOD1 and with the expression and activity of the latter. Our results outline a network of cooperating copper binding proteins expressed in epididymal epithelium and in spermatozoa that orchestrate bioavailability of this microelement for gametes and protect them against copper toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogórek
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Herman
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - O Pierzchała
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Bednarz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Z Rajfur
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Z Baster
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - R R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - M Szudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - A Jończy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - P Lipiński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - M Lenartowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Ghaffari R, Richburg JH. Mice with a Sertoli cell-specific knockout of the Ctr1 gene exhibit a reduced sensitivity to cisplatin-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:972-978. [PMID: 32665841 PMCID: PMC7344760 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the chemotherapeutic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) (cDDP) is well known to instigate acute and prolonged testicular injury in male patients.
Exposure to the chemotherapeutic agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) (cDDP) is well known to instigate acute and prolonged testicular injury in male patients. Many investigators have hypothesized that cDDP-induced dysfunction of Sertoli cells (SCs) may, in part, account for the cDDP-induced lasting testicular injury. Nevertheless, the relative contribution of cDDP-induced SC injury versus direct effects on germ cells (GCs) to the pathogenesis of GC loss remains to be elucidated. The expression of the copper transporter 1 (CTR1) protein in cells directly corresponds with cDDP uptake and its cellular toxicity. Therefore, to discern the role of SCs in the pathogenic mechanism, mice were developed with a SC-specific disruption of the Ctr1 gene (SCΔCtr1) as a strategy to prevent their exposure to cDDP. Adult mice at postnatal day (PND) 60 were treated with 5 mg kg–1 cDDP and then testis collected at 48 hours. A two-fold increase in GC-apoptosis occurred in the testis of cDDP-treated wildtype (WT) mice as compared to saline-treated WT mice. In contrast, cDDP-treated SCΔCtr1 mice exhibited only a half-fold increase in GC-apoptosis as compared to the saline-treated SCΔCtr1 mice. This reduced incidence of GC apoptosis in the SCΔCtr1 mice corresponded to a significantly lower level of platinum within the testis. Taken together, these findings reveal that the uptake of cDDP by CTR1 in SCs accounts for the accumulation of cDDP in the testis and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenic sequence of events leading to the loss of germ cells via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Ghaffari
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology , College of Natural Sciences , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA .
| | - John H Richburg
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology , College of Natural Sciences , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA . .,The Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology , Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
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11
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Kang Z, Qiao N, Liu G, Chen H, Tang Z, Li Y. Copper-induced apoptosis and autophagy through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in male germ cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104639. [PMID: 31491480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Excess copper reduces sperm number and motility but the causes are unclear. We investigated the toxic effects of copper exposure on the immortalized male germ cell line GC-1. Copper addition to cells altered viability and morphology in a dose-dependent manner. Copper addition resulted in increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) while catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) declined. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP levels decreased in response to copper as did mitochondria fission that led to mitochondrial dysfunction. The apoptosis rate was also proportional to the level of copper in the growth medium. Copper also down-regulated Bcl2 and up-regulated Bax, Casp8 and Casp3 linking the effects of copper to increased apoptosis. The levels of mRNA for the autophagy-related genes (Atg3, Atg5, p62, Lc3b/Lc3a) and proteins (Lc3b/Lc3a, BECN1, Atg5, p62) all increased in copper-treated cells as were levels Lc3 determined by fluorescence microscopy. These results indicated that copper induces apoptosis and autophagy through oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanming Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Ghaffari R, Di Bona KR, Riley CL, Richburg JH. Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) expression by mouse testicular germ cells, but not Sertoli cells, is essential for functional spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215522. [PMID: 31002737 PMCID: PMC6474593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in copper (Cu) tissue homeostasis has a degenerative effect on spermatogenesis and male fertility. The high-affinity Cu transporter 1 (CTR1; SLC31A1) is the major protein responsible for Cu acquisition in eukaryotes and is highly expressed in mouse testes. Studies on yeast and Drosophila have demonstrated the conserved essential function of Cu and CTR1 for meiosis and fertility, implying that CTR1 may play an essential function in mammalian spermatogenesis. In mice, spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous epithelium, where tight junctions between somatic Sertoli cells (SCs) create a specialized microenvironment for the development of meiotic germ cells (GCs) by tightly regulating the free transport of metabolites and ions to reach these cells. Here, it is demonstrated that within the seminiferous epithelium, CTR1 is expressed on the membrane of primary pachytene spermatocytes and SCs. To examine the physiological significance of CTR1 in spermatogenesis, mice with a GC-specific (Ctr1ΔGC) and SC-specific (Ctr1ΔSC) disruption of the Ctr1 gene were generated. The testis of Ctr1ΔGC mice exhibits a severe progressive loss of GCs starting at postnatal day (PND) 28 leading to testis hypoplasia by adulthood. No spermatogenic recovery was observed in Ctr1ΔGC testis beyond PND 41, despite the presence of FOXO-1 expressing undifferentiated spermatogonial cells. However, Ctr1ΔSC mice displayed functional spermatogenesis and were fertile, even though testicular Cu levels and Cu-dependent cellular activities were significantly reduced. These results reveal, for the first time, the importance of CTR1 expression by GCs for maintaining functional spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Ghaffari
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Kristin R. Di Bona
- The Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Christopher L. Riley
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - John H. Richburg
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- The Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
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Fonseca PADS, dos Santos FC, Lam S, Suárez-Vega A, Miglior F, Schenkel FS, Diniz LDAF, Id-Lahoucine S, Carvalho MRS, Cánovas A. Genetic mechanisms underlying spermatic and testicular traits within and among cattle breeds: systematic review and prioritization of GWAS results. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4978-4999. [PMID: 30304443 PMCID: PMC6276581 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bull fertility imposes economic losses in bovine herds. Specifically, testicular and spermatic traits are important indicators of reproductive efficiency. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genomic regions associated with these fertility traits. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to perform a systematic review of GWAS results for spermatic and testicular traits in cattle and 2) to identify key functional candidate genes for these traits. The identification of functional candidate genes was performed using a systems biology approach, where genes shared between traits and studies were evaluated by a guilt by association gene prioritization (GUILDify and ToppGene software) in order to identify the best functional candidates. These candidate genes were integrated and analyzed in order to identify overlapping patterns among traits and breeds. Results showed that GWAS for testicular-related traits have been developed for beef breeds only, whereas the majority of GWAS for spermatic-related traits were conducted using dairy breeds. When comparing traits measured within the same study, the highest number of genes shared between different traits was observed, indicating a high impact of the population genetic structure and environmental effects. Several chromosomal regions were enriched for functional candidate genes associated with fertility traits. Moreover, multiple functional candidate genes were enriched for markers in a species-specific basis, taurine (Bos taurus) or indicine (Bos indicus). For the different candidate regions identified in the GWAS in the literature, functional candidate genes were detected as follows: B. Taurus chromosome X (BTX) (TEX11, IRAK, CDK16, ATP7A, ATRX, HDAC6, FMR1, L1CAM, MECP2, etc.), BTA17 (TRPV4 and DYNLL1), and BTA14 (MOS, FABP5, ZFPM2). These genes are responsible for regulating important metabolic pathways or biological processes associated with fertility, such as progression of spermatogenesis, control of ciliary activity, development of Sertoli cells, DNA integrity in spermatozoa, and homeostasis of testicular cells. This study represents the first systematic review on male fertility traits in cattle using a system biology approach to identify key candidate genes for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Lam
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Samir Id-Lahoucine
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Angela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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