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Qi X, Yu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Wang X, Feng Z, Zhou Y, Xiao H, Sun L. Structural characterization and anti-oxidation activity evaluation of pectin from Lonicera japonica Thunb. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998462. [PMID: 36204375 PMCID: PMC9530389 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are nutrient components of plants and are widely used in the food industry. In this study, one major pectin fraction (WLJP-A0.2b) with Mw of 40.6 kDa was purified from Lonicera japonica Thunb. The structural feature and antioxidant activity of it was investigated. Monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, enzymatic hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra analysis indicated that WLJP-A0.2b consisted of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), and homogalacturonan (HG) domains, with mass ratio of 0.4:1.0:2.1. The RG-I domain contained highly branched α-L-1,5-arabinan, β-D-1,4-galactan and type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chains. The HG domain was released in the form of un-esterified and partly methyl-esterified and/or acetyl-esterified oligogalacturonides with degree of polymerization 1–8 after degradation by endo-polygalacturonase. Radical scavenging assays indicated that WLJP-A0.2b exhibited antioxidant activity through the synergistic effects of different pectin domains. Oligogalacturonides, especially de-esterified oligogalacturonides, showed better antioxidant activities than RG-II and RG-I domains. Moreover, de-esterified oligogalacturonides remarkably reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production in HEK-293T cells. These results provide useful information for screening of natural antioxidants from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and application of pectin in functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhangkai Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxing Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxing Xiao,
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Lin Sun,
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DePalma RG, Hayes VW, O'Leary TJ. Optimal serum ferritin level range: iron status measure and inflammatory biomarker. Metallomics 2021; 13:6287580. [PMID: 34048587 PMCID: PMC8195161 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report provides perspectives concerning dual roles of serum ferritin as a measure of both iron status and inflammation. We suggest benefits of a lower range of serum ferritin as has occurred for total serum cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels. Observations during a prospective randomized study using phlebotomy in patients with peripheral arterial disease offered unique insights into dual roles of serum ferritin both as an iron status marker and acute phase reactant. Robust positive associations between serum ferritin, interleukin 6 [IL-6], tissue necrosis factor-alpha, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were discovered. Elevated serum ferritin and IL-6 levels associated with increased mortality and with reduced mortality at ferritin levels <100 ng mL-1. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate similar outcomes. Extremely elevated ferritin and IL-6 levels also occur in individuals with high mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Disordered iron metabolism reflected by a high range of serum ferritin level signals disease severity and outcomes. Based upon experimental and epidemiologic data, we suggest testing the hypotheses that optimal ferritin levels for cardiovascular mortality reduction range from 20 to 100 ng mL-1 with % transferrin levels from 20 to 50%, to ensure adequate iron status and that ferritin levels above 194 ng mL-1 associate with all-cause mortality in population cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph G DePalma
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Virginia W Hayes
- Virginia W Hayes, Ambulatory Care Service, Sierra Nevada Health Care System, Reno, NV 89502, USA
| | - Timothy J O'Leary
- Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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A fully human anti-BMP6 antibody reduces the need for erythropoietin in rodent models of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 2021; 136:1080-1090. [PMID: 32438400 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) and iron substitution are a standard of care for treatment of anemias associated with chronic inflammation, including anemia of chronic kidney disease. A black box warning for EPO therapy and concerns about negative side effects related to high-dose iron supplementation as well as the significant proportion of patients becoming EPO resistant over time explains the medical need to define novel strategies to ameliorate anemia of chronic disease (ACD). As hepcidin is central to the iron-restrictive phenotype in ACD, therapeutic approaches targeting hepcidin were recently developed. We herein report the therapeutic effects of a fully human anti-BMP6 antibody (KY1070) either as monotherapy or in combination with Darbepoetin alfa on iron metabolism and anemia resolution in 2 different, well-established, and clinically relevant rodent models of ACD. In addition to counteracting hepcidin-driven iron limitation for erythropoiesis, we found that the combination of KY1070 and recombinant human EPO improved the erythroid response compared with either monotherapy in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Consequently, the combination of KY1070 and Darbepoetin alfa resulted in an EPO-sparing effect. Moreover, we found that suppression of hepcidin via KY1070 modulates ferroportin expression on erythroid precursor cells, thereby lowering potentially toxic-free intracellular iron levels and by accelerating erythroid output as reflected by increased maturation of erythrocyte progenitors. In summary, we conclude that treatment of ACD, as a highly complex disease, becomes more effective by a multifactorial therapeutic approach upon mobilization of endogenous iron deposits and stimulation of erythropoiesis.
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Mu S, Yang W, Huang G. Antioxidant activities and mechanisms of polysaccharides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:628-632. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Mu
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China
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Tian Y, Lu J, Hao X, Li H, Zhang G, Liu X, Li X, Zhao C, Kuang W, Chen D, Zhu M. FTH1 Inhibits Ferroptosis Through Ferritinophagy in the 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1796-1812. [PMID: 32959272 PMCID: PMC7851296 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons associated with dysregulation of iron homeostasis in the brain. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death process that serves as a significant regulatory mechanism in PD. However, its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. By performing RNA sequencing analysis, we found that the main iron storage protein ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) is differentially expressed in the rat 6-hydroyxdopamine (6-OHDA) model of PD compared with control rats. Our present work demonstrates that FTH1 is involved in iron accumulation and the ferroptosis pathway in this model. Knockdown of FTH1 in PC-12 cells significantly inhibited cell viability and caused mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, FTH1 was found to be involved in ferritinophagy, a selective form of autophagy involving the degradation of ferritin by ferroptosis. Overexpression of FTH1 in PC-12 cells impaired ferritinophagy and downregulated microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 expression, ultimately suppressing cell death induced by ferroptosis. Consistent with these findings, the ferritinophagy inhibitors chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 inhibited ferritin degradation and ferroptosis in 6-OHDA-treated PC-12 cells. This entire process was mediated by the cyclic regulation of FTH1 and ferritinophagy. Taken together, these results suggest that FTH1 links ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in the 6-OHDA model of PD, and provide a new perspective and potential for a pharmacological target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518104, China
| | - Hang Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Guiyu Zhang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Xuelei Liu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Caiping Zhao
- Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Group), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518133, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518104, China.
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Artesunate alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2043-2053. [PMID: 30551460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease, which lacks effective therapies in the world. Attractively, more and more evidences show that natural products are safe and effective in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Artesunate, a water-soluble hemisuccinate derivative of artemisinin, exerts various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunomodulating abilities. However, the effects of artesunate on hepatic fibrosis are little-known. Here our study was performed to investigate the effect of artesunate on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse liver fibrosis and elucidate whether artesunate could alleviate liver fibrosis by regulating ferritinophagy- mediated ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Firstly, our results demonstrated that artesunate treatment could induce activated HSC ferroptosis in fibrotic livers. Moreover, primary HSCs isolated from different animal groups were cultured to detect biomarkers of ferroptosis including iron, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (ptgs2) levels. The results revealed that artesunate remarkably promoted ferroptosis of activated HSCs. Furthermore, consistent with the experimental results in vivo, the data in vitro still indicated that artesunate treatment markedly induced ferroptosis in activated HSCs, which mainly embodied as declined cell vitality, increased cell death rate, accumulated iron, elevated lipid peroxides and reduced antioxidant capacity. Conversely, inhibition of ferroptosis by deferoxamine (DFO) completely abolished artesunate-induced anti-fibrosis effect. Surprisingly, artesunate also evidently triggered ferritinophagy accompanied by up-regulation of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3), Atg3, Atg5, Atg6/beclin1, Atg12 (autophagy related genes) and down-regulation of p62, FTH1 (ferritin heavy chain), NCOA4 (nuclear receptor co-activator 4) in activated HSCs. Nevertheless, depletion of ferritinophagy by specific inhibitor lysosomal lumen alkalizer-chloroquine (CQ) inhibited artesunate-induced ferroptosis and anti-fibrosis function. These results suggested that ferritinophagy-mediated HSC ferroptosis was responsible for artesunate-induced anti-fibrosis efficacy, which provided new clues for further pharmacological study of artesunate.
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