1
|
Mollar-Cuni A, Ibáñez-Ibáñez L, Guisado-Barrios G, Mata JA, Vicent C. Introducing Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry to Identify Site-Selective C-H Bond Activation in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2291-2300. [PMID: 36374280 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of C-H bonds in a selective manner still constitutes a major challenge from a synthetic point of view; thus, it remains an active area of fundamental and applied research. Herein, we introduce ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry-based (IM-MS) approaches to uncover site-selective C-H bond activation in a series of metal complexes of general formula [(NHC)LMCl]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; L = pentamethylcyclopentadiene (Cp*) or p-cymene; M = Pd, Ru, and Ir). The C-H bond activation at the N-bound groups of the NHC ligand is promoted upon collision induced dissociation (CID). The identification of the resulting [(NHC-H)LM]+ isomers relies on the distinctive topology that such cyclometalated isomers adopt upon site-selective C-H bond activation. Such topological differences can be reliably evidenced as different mobility peaks in their respective CID-IM mass spectra. Alternative isomers are also identified via dehydrogenation at the Cp*/p-cymene (L) ligands to afford [(NHC)(L-H)M]+. The fragmentation of the ion mobility-resolved peaks is also investigated by CID-IM-CID. It enables the assignment of mobility peaks to the specific isomers formed from C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H bond activation and distinguishes them from the Cp*/p-cymene (L) dehydrogenation isomers. The conformational change of the NHC ligands upon C-H bond activation, concomitant with cyclometalation, is also discussed on the basis of the estimated collision cross section (CCS). A unique conformation change of the pyrene-tagged NHC members is identified that involves the reorientation of the NHC ring accompanied by a folding of the pyrene moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mollar-Cuni
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Ibáñez-Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregorio Guisado-Barrios
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose A Mata
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Serveis Centrals d'Intrumentació Científica (SCIC). Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A gas-phase study on the cyclometallation of a series of Cp*Ir(III) complexes bearing bidentate pyrimidine ligands. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
3
|
Niedner‐Schatteburg G, Kappes MM. Advancing Inorganic Coordination Chemistry by Spectroscopy of Isolated Molecules: Methods and Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:15027-15042. [PMID: 34636096 PMCID: PMC8596414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of the work carried out in the Collaborative Research Center 3MET continues to be its emphasis on innovative, advanced experimental methods which hyphenate mass-selection with further analytical tools such as laser spectroscopy for the study of isolated molecular ions. This allows to probe the intrinsic properties of the species of interest free of perturbing solvent or matrix effects. This review explains these methods and uses examples from past and ongoing 3MET studies of specific classes of multicenter metal complexes to illustrate how coordination chemistry can be advanced by applying them. As a corollary, we will show how the challenges involved in providing well-defined, for example monoisomeric, samples of the molecular ions have helped to further improve the methods themselves thus also making them applicable to many other areas of chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76128KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Structure-dependent regioselectivity of a roll-over cyclopalladation occuring at 2,2′-bipyridine-type ligands. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Wall T, Leist M, Dietrich F, Thiel WR, Gerhards M. Quantification of Cooperativity between Metal Sites in Dinuclear Transition Metal Complexes Containing the (2-Dimethylamino)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrimidine Ligand. Chempluschem 2021; 86:622-628. [PMID: 33851792 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A concept for the quantification of cooperative effects in transition-metal complexes is presented. It is demonstrated for a series of novel N,N- (mononuclear) and C,N-coordinated homo- and heterometallic binuclear complexes based on the (2-dimethylamino)-4-(2-pyrimidinyl)pyrimidine ligand, which are accessible by applying roll-over cyclometallation. These iridium-, platinum-, and palladium-containing compounds are investigated with respect to their absorption and fluorescence spectra. The cooperative effects in the electronic absorptions, i. e., the energetic shifts between mononuclear and dinuclear complexes, and free ligands are analyzed on the basis of the lowest energy π-π* transitions and compared to calculated data, obtained from TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore the corresponding fluorescence spectra are presented and analyzed with respect to the concept of cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Wall
- Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserlautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marko Leist
- Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Dietrich
- Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserlautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Núcleo Milenio MultiMat & Physics Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserlautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strategic evolution in transition metal-catalyzed directed C–H bond activation and future directions. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Zucca A, Pilo MI. Rollover Cyclometalation as a Valuable Tool for Regioselective C-H Bond Activation and Functionalization. Molecules 2021; 26:E328. [PMID: 33435257 PMCID: PMC7827749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rollover cyclometalation constitutes a particular case of cyclometallation reaction. This reaction occurs when a chelated heterocyclic ligand loses its bidentate coordination mode and undergoes an internal rotation, after which a remote C-H bond is regioselectively activated, affording an uncommon cyclometalated complex, called "rollover cyclometalated complex". The key of the process is the internal rotation of the ligand, which occurs before the C-H bond activation and releases from coordination a donor atom. The new "rollover" ligand has peculiar properties, being a ligand with multiple personalities, no more a spectator in the reactivity of the complex. The main reason of this peculiarity is the presence of an uncoordinated donor atom (the one initially involved in the chelation), able to promote a series of reactions not available for classic cyclometalated complexes. The rollover reaction is highly regioselective, because the activated C-H bond is usually in a symmetric position with respect to the donor atom which detaches from the metal stating the rollover process. Due to this novel behavior, a series of potential applications have appeared in the literature, in fields such as catalysis, organic synthesis, and advanced materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nährig F, Gemmecker G, Chung JY, Hütchen P, Lauk S, Klein MP, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Sitzmann H, Thiel WR. Complexes of Platinum Group Elements Containing the Intrinsically Chiral Cyclopentadienide Ligand (CpC)−1. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nährig
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerd Gemmecker
- Technische Universität München, BNMRZ, Fakultät für Chemie, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jae-Yeon Chung
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick Hütchen
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sergej Lauk
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias P. Klein
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitzmann
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Leist M, Kerner C, Ghoochany LT, Farsadpour S, Fizia A, Neu JP, Schön F, Sun Y, Oelkers B, Lang J, Menges F, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Salih KS, Thiel WR. Roll-over cyclometalation: A versatile tool to enhance the catalytic activity of transition metal complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Schön F, Leist M, Neuba A, Lang J, Braun C, Sun Y, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Bräse S, Thiel WR. A direct access to heterobimetallic complexes by roll-over cyclometallation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12016-12019. [PMID: 29057406 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the type [Cp*Ir(N,N')Cl]+ (N,N' = 2-(2-dialkylaminopyrimidin-4-yl)pyrimidine) can undergo roll-over cyclometallation leading to a novel N,N'-donor site. Following this strategy heterobimetallic complexes including iridium(iii) and a Group X metal centre in the oxidation state +II were achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Schön
- Fachbereich Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|