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Jiang T, Luo S, Wang D, Li Y, Wu Y, He L, Zhang G. A new bin size index method for statistical analysis of multimodal datasets from materials characterization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10915. [PMID: 37407657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a normalized standard error-based statistical data binning method, termed "bin size index" (BSI), which yields an optimized, objective bin size for constructing a rational histogram to facilitate subsequent deconvolution of multimodal datasets from materials characterization and hence the determination of the underlying probability density functions. Totally ten datasets, including four normally-distributed synthetic ones, three normally-distributed ones on the elasticity of rocks obtained by statistical nanoindentation, and three lognormally-distributed ones on the particle size distributions of flocculated clay suspensions, were used to illustrate the BSI's concepts and algorithms. While results from the synthetic datasets prove the method's accuracy and effectiveness, analyses of other real datasets from materials characterization and measurement further demonstrate its rationale, performance, and applicability to practical problems. The BSI method also enables determination of the number of modes via the comparative evaluation of the errors returned from different trial bin sizes. The accuracy and performance of the BSI method are further compared with other widely used binning methods, and the former yields the highest BSI and smallest normalized standard errors. This new method particularly penalizes the overfitting that tends to yield too many pseudo-modes via normalizing the errors by the number of modes hidden in the datasets, and also eliminates the difficulty in specifying criteria for acceptable values of the fitting errors. The advantages and disadvantages of the new method are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Shengmin Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yucheng Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Deposition of low-density thick silica films from burning sol-gel derived alcogels. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07675. [PMID: 34381910 PMCID: PMC8340126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study we show that the combustion of sol-gel derived alcogels with specifically tailored composition leads to the release of silica nanoparticles from the burning alcogel in a controlled manner which enables direct deposition of the released nanoparticles into low-density silica thick films. The process has some similarities to flame spray pyrolysis but requires no aerosol generator or other sophisticated instrumental setup. By the proper choice of catalysts and mixture of silicon alkoxides for the synthesis of the alcogel, preferential hydrolysis and polycondensation of one of the alkoxides is achieved. This leads to the formation of an alcogel with volatile silica precursor trapped in the gel pores. Resulting alcogels were burned to deposit uniform porous silica films with density of ~0.1 g/cm3 and primary particle size of ~10 nm. Demonstrated method yields silanol-free silica directly, without additional treatment steps and enables straightforward control over the deposition rate and coarseness of the layer by simple adjustment of the composition of the silica alcogel. The maximum layer thickness is limited only by the deposition time (in the current work up to 134 μm). Such technique of porous oxide film preparation could potentially be extended to the preparation of porous films from other oxides by using respective metal alkoxides as precursors.
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Faroux JM, Borba A, Ureta MM, Tymczyszyn EE, Gomez-Zavaglia A. A combined approach of electronic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations to assess model membrane oxidation pathways. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of lipid oxidation pathways using UV spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Faroux
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Borba
- CIEPQPF – Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. M. Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. E. Tymczyszyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular – Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología – Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Maximiano P, Durães L, Simões P. Overview of Multiscale Molecular Modeling and Simulation of Silica Aerogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Maximiano
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sı́lvio de Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sı́lvio de Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Simões
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sı́lvio de Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Noroozi M, Panahi-Sarmad M, Bahramian AR. Thermal insulation behavior of functionally graded aerogel: The role of novolac molecular-weight. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Maximiano P, Durães L, Simões PN. Organically-modified silica aerogels: A density functional theory study. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nonkumwong J, Erasquin UJ, Sy Piecco KW, Premadasa UI, Aboelenen AM, Tangonan A, Chen J, Ingram D, Srisombat L, Cimatu KLA. Successive Surface Reactions on Hydrophilic Silica for Modified Magnetic Nanoparticle Attachment Probed by Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12680-12693. [PMID: 30300547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Successive surface reactions on hydrophilic silica substrates were designed and performed to immobilize ethanolamine-modified magnetic ferrite-based nanoparticle (NP) for surface characterization. The various surfaces were monitored using sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. The surface of the hydrophilic quartz substrate was first converted to a vinyl-terminated surface by utilizing a silanization reaction, and then, the surface functional groups were converted to carboxylic-terminated groups via a thiol-ene reaction. The appearance and disappearance of the vinyl (═CH2) peak at ∼2990 cm-1 in the SFG spectra were examined to confirm the success of the silanization and thiol-ene reactions, respectively. Acyl chloride (-COCl) formation from carboxy (-COOH) functional group was then performed for further attachment of magnetic amine-functionalized magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) via amide bond formation. The scattered NPs attached on the modified silica substrate was then used to study the changes in the spectral profile of the ethanolamine modifier of the NPs for in situ lead(II) (Pb2+) adsorption at the solid-liquid interface using SFG spectroscopy. However, due to the limited number of NPs attached and sensitivity of SFG spectroscopy toward expected change in the modifier spectroscopically, no significant change was observed in the SFG spectrum of the modified silica with magnetic NPs during exposure to Pb2+ solution. Nevertheless, SFG spectroscopy as a surface technique successfully monitored the modifications from a clean fused substrate to -COCl formation that was used to immobilize the decorated magnetic nanoparticles. The method developed in this study can provide a reference for many surface or interfacial studies important for selective attachment of adsorbed organic or inorganic materials or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Nonkumwong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Uriel Joseph Erasquin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Kurt Waldo Sy Piecco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Ahmed M Aboelenen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Andrew Tangonan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Jixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - David Ingram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Ohio University , 139 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
| | - Laongnuan Srisombat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50200 , Thailand
| | - Katherine Leslee Asetre Cimatu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ohio University , 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories , Athens , Ohio 45701-2979 , United States
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Günay AA, Kim H, Nagarajan N, Lopez M, Kantharaj R, Alsaati A, Marconnet A, Lenert A, Miljkovic N. Optically Transparent Thermally Insulating Silica Aerogels for Solar Thermal Insulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12603-12611. [PMID: 29565115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rooftop solar thermal collectors have the potential to meet residential heating demands if deployed efficiently at low solar irradiance (i.e., 1 sun). The efficiency of solar thermal collectors depends on their ability to absorb incoming solar energy and minimize thermal losses. Most techniques utilize a vacuum gap between the solar absorber and the surroundings to eliminate conduction and convection losses, in combination with surface coatings to minimize reradiation losses. Here, we present an alternative approach that operates at atmospheric pressure with simple, black, absorbing surfaces. Silica based aerogels coated on black surfaces have the potential to act as simple and inexpensive solar thermal collectors because of their high transmission to solar radiation and low transmission to thermal radiation. To demonstrate their heat-trapping properties, we fabricated tetramethyl orthosilicate-based silica aerogels. A hydrophilic aerogel with a thickness of 1 cm exhibited a solar-averaged transmission of 76% and thermally averaged transmission of ≈1% (at 100 °C). To minimize unwanted solar absorption by O-H groups, we functionalized the aerogel to be hydrophobic, resulting in a solar-averaged transmission of 88%. To provide a deeper understanding of the link between aerogel properties and overall efficiency, we developed a coupled radiative-conductive heat transfer model and used it to predict solar thermal performance. Instantaneous solar thermal efficiencies approaching 55% at 1 sun and 80 °C were predicted. This study sheds light on the applicability of silica aerogels on black coatings for solar thermal collectors and offers design priorities for next-generation solar thermal aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alperen Günay
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , 2800 Plymouth Road , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Naveen Nagarajan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Mateusz Lopez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Rajath Kantharaj
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , 585 Purdue Mall , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Albraa Alsaati
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , 585 Purdue Mall , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Amy Marconnet
- School of Mechanical Engineering , Purdue University , 585 Purdue Mall , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Andrej Lenert
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , 2800 Plymouth Road , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1206 W Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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Vareda JP, Maximiano P, Cunha LP, Ferreira AF, Simões PN, Durães L. Effect of different types of surfactants on the microstructure of methyltrimethoxysilane-derived silica aerogels: A combined experimental and computational approach. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:64-76. [PMID: 29054008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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