1
|
Holey S, Nayak RR. Harnessing Glycolipids for Supramolecular Gelation: A Contemporary Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25513-25538. [PMID: 38911776 PMCID: PMC11190938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Within the scope of this review, our exploration spans diverse facets of amphiphilic glycolipid-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs). This journey explores glycolipid synthesis, self-assembly, and gelation with tailorable properties. It begins by examining the design of glycolipids and their influence on gel formation. Following this, a brief exploration of several gel characterization techniques adds another layer to the understanding of these materials. The final section is dedicated to unraveling the various applications of these glycolipid-based supramolecular gels. A meticulous analysis of available glycolipid gelators and their correlations with desired properties for distinct applications is a pivotal aspect of their investigation. As of the present moment, there exists a notable absence of a review dedicated exclusively to glycolipid gelators. This study aims to bridge this critical gap by presenting an overview that provides novel insights into their unique properties and versatile applications. This holistic examination seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of molecular design, structural characteristics, and functional applications of glycolipid gelators by offering insights that can propel advancements in these converging scientific disciplines. Overall, this review highlights the diverse classifications of glycolipid-derived gelators and particularly emphasizes their capacity to form gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal
Ashokrao Holey
- Department
of Oils, Lipid Science and Technology, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rati Ranjan Nayak
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute
of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raju L, Javan Nikkhah S, K M, Vandichel M, Eswaran R. Anticancer Potential of Dendritic Poly(aryl ether)-Substituted Polypyridyl Ligand-Based Ruthenium(II) Coordination Entities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4226-4239. [PMID: 37782900 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the anticancer potency of dendritic poly(aryl ether)-substituted polypyridyl ligand-based ruthenium(II) coordination entities. The dendritic coordination entities were successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized by different spectral methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C- NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further, to understand the structure and solvation behavior of the coordination entities, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The behavior, configuration, and size of the coordination entities in DMSO and water were studied by calculating the radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent-accessible surface area (SASA). The MTT assay was used to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of all of the coordination entities against cancerous A549 (lung cancer cells), MDA MB 231 (breast cancer cells), and HepG2 (liver cancer cells) and was found to be good with comparable IC50 values with respect to the standard drug cisplatin. The coordination entities exhibited dose dependence, and the highest activity was shown against HepG2 cell lines in comparison to the other cancer cell lines. In addition, fluorescence staining studies, such as AO/EB, DAPI, and cell death analysis by PI staining, were performed on the coordination entities to understand the apoptosis mechanism. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assays confirmed apoptosis in cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathway. The DNA fragmentation assay was done followed by molecular docking analysis with DNA executed to strengthen and support the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liju Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Tambaram East, Chennai 600059, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - MosaChristas K
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE), Loyola College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rajkumar Eswaran
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Tambaram East, Chennai 600059, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkar B, Das K, Jyoti Ghosh A, Islam R, Saha T, Prasad E, Gardas RL. Poly(alkyl ether) based ionic liquid–γ-cyclodextrin based inclusion complex and antibacterial activity of the inclusion complex. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Feng Y, Liu ZX, Chen H, Fan QH. Functional supramolecular gels based on poly(benzyl ether) dendrons and dendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8736-8753. [PMID: 35861166 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels, as a fascinating and useful class of soft materials, constructed from low-molecular-weight gelators via noncovalent interactions have attracted increasing attention in the past few decades. Dendrimers and dendrons are highly branched and monodisperse macromolecules with a well-defined three-dimensional architecture and multiple surface functionalities. In recent years, poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers and dendrons are found to be powerful candidates for constructing gel phase materials in organic or aqueous media due to the advantages of capability of forming multiple noncovalent interactions and significant steric impact. In this Feature Article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in supramolecular gels involving poly(benzyl ether) dendritic molecules. Firstly, we outline the molecular design strategies of dendritic gelators with an emphasis on the discussion of their gelating units and position in molecular structures. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of dendritic gels in light harvesting, stimuli responsive materials, sensors and environmental remediation. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives of poly(benzyl ether) dendritic gels have also been discussed. It is hoped that this feature article will attract increasing attention and provide some valuable insights for the future design and evolution of supramolecular gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kannan R, Datta A, Prabakaran P, Prasad E, Muthuvijayan V. Modular amphiphilic poly(aryl ether)-based supramolecular nanomicelles: an efficient endocytic drug carrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12695-12698. [PMID: 34782906 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rationally designed amphiphilic poly(aryl ether)-based dendrimer self-assembles into nanomicelles and exhibits tunable morphology upon varying the hydrophilic chain length. The 30 nm-sized dendrimer nanomicelles successfully entrapped Doxorubicin, demonstrated the sustained release of Doxorubicin and can successfully penetrate cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis, compared to the free drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Ayan Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Palani Prabakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Vignesh Muthuvijayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bietsch J, Olson M, Wang G. Fine-Tuning of Molecular Structures to Generate Carbohydrate Based Super Gelators and Their Applications for Drug Delivery and Dye Absorption. Gels 2021; 7:134. [PMID: 34563020 PMCID: PMC8482264 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) exhibit many desirable properties making them useful in various fields including applications as drug delivery carriers. In order to further understand the structural connection to gelation properties, especially the influence of halide substitutions, we have designed and synthesized a series of para-chlorobenzylidene acetal protected D-glucosamine amide derivatives. Fifteen different amides were synthesized, and their self-assembling properties were assessed in multiple organic solvents, as well as mixtures of organic solvents with water. All derivatives were found to be gelators for at least one solvent and majority formed gels in multiple solvents at concentrations lower than 2 wt%. A few derivatives rendered remarkably stable gels in aqueous solutions at concentrations below 0.1 wt%. The benzamide 13 formed gels in water and in EtOH/H2O (v/v 1:2) at 0.36 mg/mL. The gels were characterized using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the self-assembly mechanism was probed using variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Gel extrusion studies using H2O/DMSO gels successfully printed lines of gels on glass slides, which retained viscoelasticity based on rheology. Gels formed by the benzamide 13 were used for encapsulation and the controlled release of chloramphenicol and naproxen, as well as for dye removal for toluidine blue aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (J.B.); (M.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morris J, Bietsch J, Bashaw K, Wang G. Recently Developed Carbohydrate Based Gelators and Their Applications. Gels 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33652820 PMCID: PMC8006029 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate based low molecular weight gelators have been an intense subject of study over the past decade. The self-assembling systems built from natural products have high significance as biocompatible materials and renewable resources. The versatile structures available from naturally existing monosaccharides have enriched the molecular libraries that can be used for the construction of gelators. The bottom-up strategy in designing low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) for a variety of applications has been adopted by many researchers. Rational design, along with some serendipitous discoveries, has resulted in multiple classes of molecular gelators. This review covers the literature from 2017-2020 on monosaccharide based gelators, including common hexoses, pentoses, along with some disaccharides and their derivatives. The structure-based design and structure to gelation property relationships are reviewed first, followed by stimuli-responsive gelators. The last section focuses on the applications of the sugar based gelators, including their utilization in environmental remediation, ion sensing, catalysis, drug delivery and 3D-printing. We will also review the available LMWGs and their structure correlations to the desired properties for different applications. This review aims at elucidating the design principles and structural features that are pertinent to various applications and hope to provide certain guidelines for researchers that are working at the interface of chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (J.M.); (J.B.); (K.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Liu L, Zhu E, Yue M, Gao C, Wu X, Che G, Liu H. Gel Formed by Self-Assembly of a Urea-Modified Monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene Derivative Displays Multi-Stimuli Responsiveness and Absorption of Rhodamine B. Chempluschem 2020; 83:1109-1118. [PMID: 31950715 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene-based derivative containing a urea group was designed, synthesized and thoroughly characterized. It proved to be a non-gelator in a single solvent even when heated or sonicated. However, it could self-assemble in a CHCl3 (CH2 Cl2 )/n-hexane mixture to form a thermo-responsive supramolecular organogel. SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and SAXS revealed that in the organogel system, the gelators self-assembled into supramolecular networks with a J-type aggregation mode under the joint effect of π-π stacking, intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, and van der Waals forces. Interestingly, the gel phase was shown to undergo reversible gel-sol transformation induced by Fe3+ -Vitamin C (Vc), trifluoroacetic acid-triethylamine (TFA-TEA) and picric acid (PA)-NaOH. In particular, in the presence of picric acid, the experimental results proposed that charge transfer occurred from the electron-donor gelator to the electron-acceptor picric acid due to the possibility of complex formation. Furthermore, the formed organogel could behave as the matrix for encapsulating cationic fluorescent dye from wastewater, and the adsorption efficiency was directly proportional to the concentration of the gelator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Enwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Yue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H, Chen G, Yu B, Shen Y, Cong H. Fabrication of PEGylated Bi2S3 Nanosheets As a Multifunctional Platform for Multimodal Diagnosis and Combination Therapy for Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3870-3876. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guihuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role of hydrophobicity in tuning the intracellular uptake of dendron-based fluorophores for in vitro metal ion sensing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:180-189. [PMID: 30959230 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores are used for sensing biologically relevant ions, toxic metals or pathogenic markers. However, the mode of entry of such fluorophores into the cell greatly depends on their size, shape, surface charge, functional groups, and hydrophobicity. In particular, the influence of hydrophobicity on the intracellular uptake of fluorophores is poorly investigated. Self-assembly is a recent strategy to tune the intracellular uptake of fluorophores, facilitating increased intracellular sensing and fluorescence. Herein, self-assembly of three novel poly(aryl ether) dendron derivatives that contain rhodamine units was used to investigate the effect of hydrophobicity on the intracellular uptake of self-assembled fluorophores. The results suggest that monomer hydrophobicity plays an important role in the uptake. The dendron-based fluorophores, which upon self-assembly, formed stable spherical aggregates ranging from 300 to 500 nm. The rhodamine-based dendrons could selectively sense Hg2+ ions in the presence of other competing metal cations. Intracellular imaging of the dendron-based fluorophores displayed bright red fluorescence in human embryonic kidney cells. The rate of intracellular uptake of the three dendron-based fluorophores was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results establish the importance of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the self-assembled amphiphiles for tuning the intracellular uptake.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kannan R, Prabakaran P, Basu R, Pindi C, Senapati S, Muthuvijayan V, Prasad E. Mechanistic Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Self-Assembled Poly(aryl ether)-Based Amphiphilic Dendrimers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3212-3224. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Palani Prabakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ruchira Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Chinmai Pindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vignesh Muthuvijayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aragón J, Salerno S, De Bartolo L, Irusta S, Mendoza G. Polymeric electrospun scaffolds for bone morphogenetic protein 2 delivery in bone tissue engineering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 531:126-137. [PMID: 30029031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The development of novel scaffolds based on biocompatible polymers is of great interest in the field of bone repair for fabrication of biodegradable scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix and have osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties for enhanced bone regeneration. EXPERIMENTS Polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone/polyvinyl acetate (PCL/PVAc) core-shell fibers were synthesised and decorated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] particles loaded with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) by simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying. Hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAn) were loaded into the core of fibers. The obtained scaffolds were characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The in vitro potential of these materials for bone regeneration was assessed in biodegradation assays, osteoblast viability assays, and analyses of expression of specific bone markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). FINDINGS PLGA particles were homogeneously distributed in the entire fibre mat. The growth factor load was 1.2-1.7 μg/g of the scaffold whereas the HAn load was in the 8.8-12.6 wt% range. These scaffolds were able to support and enhance cell growth and proliferation facilitating the expression of osteogenic and osteoconductive markers (OCN and OPN). These observations underline the great importance of the presence of BMP2 in scaffolds for bone remodelling as well as the good potential of the newly developed scaffolds for clinical use in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aragón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Simona Salerno
- Institute for Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute for Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy, ITM-CNR c/o University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci cubo 17/C, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Basu N, Chakraborty A, Ghosh R. Carbohydrate Derived Organogelators and the Corresponding Functional Gels Developed in Recent Time. Gels 2018; 4:E52. [PMID: 30674828 PMCID: PMC6209255 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their multifarious applicability, studies of molecular and supramolecular gelators and their corresponding gels have gained momentum, particularly in the last two decades. Hydrophobic⁻hydrophilic balance, different solvent parameters, gelator⁻gelator and gelator⁻solvent interactions, including different noncovalent intermolecular interactive forces like H-bonding, ionic interactions, π⁻π interactions, van der Waals interactions, etc., cause the supramolecular gel assembly of micro and nano scales with different types of morphologies, depending on the gelator, solvent, and condition of gelation. These gel structures can be utilized for making template inorganic superstructures for potential application in separation, generation of nanocomposite materials, and other applications like self-healing, controlled drug encapsulation, release and delivery, as structuring agents, oil-spill recovery, for preparation of semi-conducting fabrics, and in many other fields. Sugars, being easily available, inexpensive, and nontoxic natural resources with multi functionality and well-defined chirality are attractive starting materials for the preparation of sugar-based gelators. This review will focus on compilation of sugar derived organogelators and the corresponding gels, along with the potential applications that have been developed and published recently between January 2015 and March 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Nabagram Hiralal Paul College, Konnagar, West Bengal 712246, India.
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya B. N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India.
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Christoff-Tempesta T, Lew AJ, Ortony JH. Beyond Covalent Crosslinks: Applications of Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2018; 4:E40. [PMID: 30674816 PMCID: PMC6209248 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, gels have been defined by their covalently cross-linked polymer networks. Supramolecular gels challenge this framework by relying on non-covalent interactions for self-organization into hierarchical structures. This class of materials offers a variety of novel and exciting potential applications. This review draws together recent advances in supramolecular gels with an emphasis on their proposed uses as optoelectronic, energy, biomedical, and biological materials. Additional special topics reviewed include environmental remediation, participation in synthesis procedures, and other industrial uses. The examples presented here demonstrate unique benefits of supramolecular gels, including tunability, processability, and self-healing capability, enabling a new approach to solve engineering challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ty Christoff-Tempesta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrew J Lew
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|