1
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Charge-Compensated Derivatives of Nido-Carborane. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes data on the main types of charge-compensated nido-carborane derivatives. Compared with organic analogs, onium derivatives of nido-carborane have increased stability due to the stabilizing electron-donor action of the boron cage. Charge-compensated derivatives are considered according to the type of heteroatom bonded to a boron atom.
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2
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Zhu M, Zhou Q, Cheng H, Sha Y, Bregadze VI, Yan H, Sun Z, Li X. Boron-Cluster Embedded Necklace-Shaped Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213470. [PMID: 36203221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of carbon-based nanohoops with other functional organic molecular structures should lead to the design of new molecular configurations with interesting properties. Here, necklace-like nanohoops embedded with carborane were synthesized for the first time. The unique deboronization of o-carborane has led to the facile preparation of ionic nanohoop compounds. Nanohoops functionalized by nido-o-carborane show excellent fluorescence emission, with a solution quantum yield of up to 90.0 % in THF and a solid-state quantum efficiency of 87.3 %, which opens an avenue for the applications of the nanohoops in OLEDs and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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3
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Sun F, Tan S, Cao H, Xu J, Bregadze VI, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes with Carboranes: Facile Construction of a Library of Boron Cluster‐Based AIE‐Active Luminogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207125. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuaimin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hou‐Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Deshuang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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4
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Sun F, Tan S, Cao HJ, Xu J, Bregadze V, Tu D, Lu C, Yan H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkynes with Carboranes: Facile Construction of a Library of Boron Cluster‐Based AIE‐Active Luminogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Sun
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Shuaimin Tan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hou-Ji Cao
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jingkai Xu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Vladimir Bregadze
- Russian Academy of Science A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Deshuang Tu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Changsheng Lu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hong Yan
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 22 Hankou Rd. 210093 Nanjing CHINA
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5
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Conformation-Dependent Electron Donation of Nido-Carborane Substituents and Its Influence on Phosphorescence of Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Complex. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of the nido-carborane-substituted ruthenium complexes and the substituent effects of nido-carboranes on the optical properties. Initially, from the optical measurements, it is shown that deep-red phosphorescence was obtained from the synthesized molecule, and the phosphorescent quantum yields were significantly improved by loading onto a polyethylene glycol film. This result represents that nido-carborane can work as a strong electron donor and should be an effective unit for enhancing the solid-state phosphorescence of ruthenium complexes. Further, it is suggested that the electron-donating properties of the nido-carborane units and subsequently the optical properties can be tuned by controlling the conformation of the nido-carborane units with the steric substituents. We demonstrate in this study the potential of nido-carborane as a building block for constructing optical materials as well as fundamental information regarding electronic interactions with π-conjugated systems.
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6
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Yang Z, Sun C, Wei X, Lu J, Lu JY. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Deboronation/Regioselective B−P Coupling of closo‐Carboranes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Hainan University school of science CHINA
| | | | - Xing Wei
- Hainan University school of science CHINA
| | - Jian Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute Catalysis Division Xi'an 710065, China 710065 Xi'an CHINA
| | - Ju-You Lu
- Hainan University School of Science 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, China 570228 Haikou CHINA
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7
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Chen M, Zhao D, Xu J, Li C, Lu C, Yan H. Electrooxidative B−H Functionalization of
nido
‐Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Deshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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8
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Chen M, Zhao D, Xu J, Li C, Lu C, Yan H. Electrooxidative B-H Functionalization of nido-Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7838-7844. [PMID: 33372727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economical method for the direct B-H functionalization of nido-carboranes (7,8-nido-C2 B9 H12 - ) has been developed under electrochemical reaction conditions. In this reaction system, anodic oxidation serves as a green alternative for traditional chemical oxidants in the oxidation of nido-carboranes. No transition-metal catalyst is required and different heteroatoms bearing a lone pair are reactive in this transformation. Coupling nido-carboranes with thioethers, selenides, tellurides, N-heterocycles, phosphates, phosphines, arsenides and antimonides demonstrates high site-selectivity and efficiency. Importantly, nido-carboranes can be easily incorporated into drug motifs through this reaction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deshi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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9
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Zhou Q, Zhu M, Chen W, Qin N, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li X, Sha Y, Yan H. Configuration-controllable synthesis of Z/ E isomers based on o-carborane-functionalized tetraphenylethene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two Z/E isomers, namely, Z-TPE-2Car and E-TPE-2Car, with clear configuration were synthesized using an effective route and have high solid-state fluorescence quantum yields, reaching 99% and 90%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Na Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
- China
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10
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Deboronation-Induced Ratiometric Emission Variations of Terphenyl-Based Closo- o-Carboranyl Compounds: Applications to Fluoride-Sensing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102413. [PMID: 32455846 PMCID: PMC7287808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Closo-o-carboranyl compounds bearing the ortho-type perfectly distorted or planar terphenyl rings (closo-DT and closo-PT, respectively) and their nido-derivatives (nido-DT and nido-PT, respectively) were synthesized and fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Although the emission spectra of both closo-compounds exhibited intriguing emission patterns in solution at 298 and 77 K, in the film state, closo-DT mainly exhibited a π-π* local excitation (LE)-based emission in the high-energy region, whereas closo-PT produced an intense emission in the low-energy region corresponding to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. In particular, the positive solvatochromic effect of closo-PT and theoretical calculation results at the first excited (S1) optimized structure of both closo-compounds strongly suggest that these dual-emissive bands at the high- and low-energy can be assigned to each π-π* LE and ICT transition. Interestingly, both the nido-compounds, nido-DT and nido-PT, exhibited the only LE-based emission in solution at 298 K due to the anionic character of the nido-o-carborane cages, which cannot cause the ICT transitions. The specific emissive features of nido-compounds indicate that the emissive color of closo-PT in solution at 298 K is completely different from that of nido-PT. As a result, the deboronation of closo-PT upon exposure to increasing concentrations of fluoride anion exhibits a dramatic ratiometric color change from orange to deep blue via turn-off of the ICT-based emission. Consequently, the color change response of the luminescence by the alternation of the intrinsic electronic transitions via deboronation as well as the structural feature of terphenyl rings indicates the potential of the developed closo-o-carboranyl compounds that exhibit the intense ICT-based emission, as naked-eye-detectable chemodosimeters for fluoride ion sensing.
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11
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Recent Progress in the Development of Solid‐State Luminescent
o
‐Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent Progress in the Development of Solid-State Luminescent o-Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9841-9855. [PMID: 32009291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane, a cluster compound containing boron and adjacent carbon atoms, displays intriguing luminescent properties. Recently, compounds containing o-carborane units were found to show suppressed aggregation-induced quenching and intense solid-state emission; they also show potential for the development of stimuli-responsive luminochromic materials. In this Minireview, we introduce three kinds of fundamental photochemical properties: aggregation-induced emission, twisted intramolecular charge transfer in crystals, and environment-sensitive excimer formation in solids. Based on these properties, several types of luminochromism, such as thermos-, vapo-, and mechanochromism, have been discovered. Based mainly on results from recent studies, we illustrate these mechanisms as well as unique luminescent behaviors of o-carborane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Sujith S, Nam EB, Lee J, Lee SU, Lee MH. Enhancing the thermally activated delayed fluorescence of nido-carborane-appended triarylboranes by steric modification of the phenylene linker. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a methyl group into the 4-position of the phenylene linker of nido-carborane–triarylborane D–A dyads, i.e., at the ortho position to the nido-carborane cage, largely enhances their thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendran Sujith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Nam
- Department of Bionano Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 15588
- Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju 61186
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology and Department of Applied Chemistry
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 15588
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
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14
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Nishino K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Tuning of Sensitivity in Thermochromic Luminescence by Regulating Molecular Rotation Based on Triphenylamine‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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15
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Yang Z, Zhao W, Liu W, Wei X, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liang Y, Lu C, Yan H. Metal‐Free Oxidative B−N Coupling of
nido
‐Carborane with N‐Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Yang Z, Zhao W, Liu W, Wei X, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liang Y, Lu C, Yan H. Metal‐Free Oxidative B−N Coupling of
nido
‐Carborane with N‐Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11886-11892. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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17
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Nishino K, Yamamoto H, Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Time‐Dependent Emission Enhancement of the Ethynylpyrene‐
o
‐Carborane Dyad and Its Application as a Luminescent Color Sensor for Evaluating Water Contents in Organic Solvents. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1577-1581. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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18
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Improvement of Solid-State Excimer Emission of the Aryl-Ethynyl-o
-Carborane Skeleton by Acridine Introduction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Francois Mathey
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
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20
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Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Concept of Excitation-Driven Boron Complexes and Their Applications for Functional Luminescent Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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21
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Nghia NV, Oh J, Sujith S, Jung J, Lee MH. Tuning the photophysical properties of carboranyl luminophores by closo- to nido-carborane conversion and application to OFF-ON fluoride sensing. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17441-17449. [PMID: 30488927 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A family of closo-carborane-appended luminophores (closo-OXD1-2 and closo-DPS1-2) in which 2-R-o-carboranes (R = H, Me) are attached to the diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) or diphenyl-sulfone (DPS) acceptor groups were prepared and characterized. Deboronation of the closo-carborane cage produced the corresponding nido-carboranyl luminophores (nido-OXD1-2 and nido-DPS1-2). Whereas the closo-compounds were poorly emissive in THF (ΦPL < 0.01), the nido-luminophores exhibited an intense fluorescence with good quantum yields (ΦPL = 0.1-0.45). Electrochemical studies showed that while the closo-OXD and -DPS compounds displayed only carborane-centred, quasi-reversible reduction, the nido-compounds exhibited the typical features for nido-carborane-centred, irreversible oxidation and acceptor-centred, reversible reduction. Theoretical studies suggested that while the 1ππ* state of closo-compounds is nonemissive due to the contribution of closo-carborane to the LUMO in the S1 excited state, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state from the nido-carborane to acceptor moieties in nido-compounds leads to an efficient fluorescence. Finally, THF solutions of closo-OXD1 and -DPS1 showed strong fluorescence upon the addition of fluoride anions under mild heating, but were intact to other anions, including cyanide, allowing the selective OFF-ON fluorescence sensing of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Nghia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Nishino K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Design of Thermochromic Luminescent Dyes Based on the Bis(
ortho
‐carborane)‐Substituted Benzobithiophene Structure. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:789-795. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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23
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Nghia NV, Jana S, Sujith S, Ryu JY, Lee J, Lee SU, Lee MH. Nido-Carboranes: Donors for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12483-12488. [PMID: 30091167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An approach to the design of nido-carborane-based luminescent compounds that can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is proposed. 7,8-Dicarba-nido-undecaboranes (nido-carboranes) having various 8-R groups (R=H, Me, i-Pr, Ph) are appended to the meta or para position of the phenyl ring of the dimesitylphenylborane (PhBMes2 ) acceptor, forming donor-acceptor compounds (nido-m1-m4 and nido-p1-p4). The bulky 8-R group and meta substitution of the nido-carborane are essential to attain a highly twisted arrangement between the donor and acceptor moieties, leading to a very small energy splitting between the singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST <0.05 eV for nido-m2, -m3, and -p3). These compounds exhibit efficient TADF with microsecond-range lifetimes. In particular, nido-m2 and -m3 display aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with TADF properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Nghia
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Saibal Jana
- Department of Bionano Technology, Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendran Sujith
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
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24
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Nghia NV, Jana S, Sujith S, Ryu JY, Lee J, Lee SU, Lee MH. Nido
-Carboranes: Donors for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Nghia
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC; University of Ulsan; Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
| | - Saibal Jana
- Department of Bionano Technology; Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Surendran Sujith
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC; University of Ulsan; Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology; Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering; Hanyang University; Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC; University of Ulsan; Ulsan 44610 Republic of Korea
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25
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Marsh AV, Cheetham NJ, Little M, Dyson M, White AJP, Beavis P, Warriner CN, Swain AC, Stavrinou PN, Heeney M. Carborane‐Induced Excimer Emission of Severely Twisted Bis‐
o
‐Carboranyl Chrysene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam V. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastics ElectronicsImperial College London UK
| | - Mark Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul N. Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PJ UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
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26
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Marsh AV, Cheetham NJ, Little M, Dyson M, White AJP, Beavis P, Warriner CN, Swain AC, Stavrinou PN, Heeney M. Carborane-Induced Excimer Emission of Severely Twisted Bis-o-Carboranyl Chrysene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10640-10645. [PMID: 29952051 PMCID: PMC6099267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a highly twisted chrysene derivative incorporating two electron deficient o-carboranyl groups is reported. The molecule exhibits a complex, excitation-dependent photoluminescence, including aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with good quantum efficiency and an exceptionally long singlet excited state lifetime. Through a combination of detailed optical studies and theoretical calculations, the excited state species are identified, including an unusual excimer induced by the presence of o-carborane. This is the first time that o-carborane has been shown to induce excimer formation ab initio, as well as the first observation of excimer emission by a chrysene-based small molecule in solution. Bis-o-carboranyl chrysene is thus an initial member of a new family of o-carboranyl phenacenes exhibiting a novel architecture for highly-efficient multi-luminescent fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam V. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastics ElectronicsImperial College LondonUK
| | - Mark Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul N. Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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27
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Nishino K, Hashimoto K, Tanaka K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Comparison of luminescent properties of helicene-like bibenzothiophenes with o-carborane and 5,6-dicarba-nido-decaborane. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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28
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Naito H, Uemura K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Enhancement of Luminescence Efficiencies by Thermal Rearrangement fromortho- tometa-Carborane in Bis-Carborane-Substituted Acenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
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29
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Nishino K, Uemura K, Tanaka K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Modulation of the cis
- and trans
-Conformations in Bis-o
-carborane Substituted Benzodithiophenes and Emission Enhancement Effect on Luminescent Efficiency by Solidification. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 8510 Kyoto 615- Japan
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30
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Nishino K, Uemura K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Dual emission via remote control of molecular rotation of o-carborane in the excited state by the distant substituents in tolane-modified dyads. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-emissive properties are reported based on the tolane-o-carborane dyads with various substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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31
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Nishino K, Uemura K, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Enhancement of Aggregation-Induced Emission by Introducing Multiple o-Carborane Substitutions into Triphenylamine. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112009. [PMID: 29156590 PMCID: PMC6150215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is presented on the basis of the strategy for improving solid-state luminescence by employing multiple o-carborane substituents. We synthesized the modified triphenylamines with various numbers of o-carborane units and compared their optical properties. From the optical measurements, the emission bands from the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state were obtained from the modified triphenylamines. It was notable that emission efficiencies of the multi-substituted triphenylamines including two or three o-carborane units were enhanced 6- to 8-fold compared to those of the mono-substituted triphenylamine. According to mechanistic studies, it was proposed that the single o-carborane substitution can load the AIE property via the TICT mechanism. It was revealed that the additional o-carborane units contribute to improving solid-state emission by suppressing aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Subsequently, intense AIEs were obtained. This paper presents a new role of the o-carborane substituent in the enhancement of AIEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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