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Shilov RA, Podkorytov IS, Kisel KS, Galenko EE, Karpitskaya DO, Rodionov IA, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP. DPPM-Bridged Binuclear Pt(II) Pincer Complexes: Chemistry, Structure, and Photophysics in Solution Revisited. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11194-11208. [PMID: 38836300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of luminescent binuclear ([dppm{Pt(NNC)}2]2+) and mononuclear ([PPh3Pt(NNC)]+) complexes containing pincer ligands were synthesized and characterized. Photophysical characteristics of both types of complexes were studied in dichloromethane solution. In the solid phase, the binuclear compounds adopt a syn configuration where the {Pt(NNC)} fragments are held together due to intramolecular Pt-Pt bonding and π-stacking of the pincer ligand aromatic systems. Analysis of the complexes' molecular structure in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy showed that the stacked intramolecular configuration is retained in fluid media, which is in complete agreement with a considerable red shift of the emission wavelength due to formation of the intramolecular Pt-Pt bond, leading to the transformation of an emissive excited state to 3MMLCT. It was also found that triethylamine quenches the emission of both types of complexes; the mechanism of quenching is a combination of dynamic and static channels of excited-state deactivation. In the case of binuclear complexes, deprotonation of the dppm methylene bridge by triethylamine also contributes to the chromophore quenching. To explain the observed chemistry of binuclear complex interactions with Et3N, a chemical equilibrium scheme was suggested, which was confirmed by quantitative monitoring of the 31P signal variations as a function of triethylamine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Shilov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan S Podkorytov
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria O Karpitskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan A Rodionov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Sadeghian M, Gómez de Segura D, Golbon Haghighi M, Safari N, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. Luminescent Anionic Cyclometalated Organoplatinum (II) Complexes with Terminal and Bridging Cyanide Ligand: Structural and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1513-1529. [PMID: 36651903 PMCID: PMC9890487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of two series of mononuclear heteroleptic anionic cycloplatinated(II) complexes featuring terminal cyanide ligand Q+[Pt(C^N)(p-MeC6H4)(CN)]- [C^N = benzoquinolate (bzq), Q+ = K+ 1 and NBu4+ 4; 2-phenylpyridinate (ppy), Q+ = K+ 2 and NBu4+ 5 and 2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)pyridinate (dfppy), Q+ = K+ 3 and NBu4+ 6] and a series of symmetrical binuclear complexes (NBu4)[Pt2(C^N)2(p-MeC6H4)2(μ-CN)] (C^N = bzq 7, ppy 8, dfppy 9). Compounds 5, 6, and 7-9 were further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. There are no apparent intermolecular Pt···Pt interactions owing to the presence of bulky NBu4+ counterion. Slow crystallization of K[Pt(ppy)(p-MeC6H4)(CN)] 2 in acetone/hexane evolves with formation of yellow crystals, which were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods as the salt complex {[Pt(ppy)(p-MeC6H4)(CN)]2K3(OCMe2)4(μ-OCMe2)2}[Pt(ppy)(p-MeC6H4)(μ-CN)Pt(ppy)(p-MeC6H4)]·2acetone (10), featuring the binuclear anionic unit 8- neutralized by an hybrid inorganic-organometallic coordination polymer {[Pt(ppy)(p-MeC6H4)(CN)]2K3(OCMe2)4(μ-OCMe2)2}+. The photophysical properties of all compounds were recorded in powder, polystyrene film, and solution states with a quantum yield up to 21% for 9 in the solid state. All complexes displayed bright emission in rigid media, and for the interpretation of their absorption and emission properties, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghian
- Department
of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran,Departamento
de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja
(CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento
de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja
(CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Nasser Safari
- Department
of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento
de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja
(CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain,
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento
de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja
(CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain,
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3
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Moradpour B, Omidyan R. DFT/TD-DFT study of electronic and phosphorescent properties in cycloplatinated complexes: implications for OLEDs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34217-34225. [PMID: 36545612 PMCID: PMC9709923 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High level density functional and time-dependent density functional (DFT, TD-DFT) theoretical methods have been employed to investigate the photophysical properties of 5 inorganic compounds resulting from Pt(ii) and ppy (2-phenyl-pyridine) ligands. This study is intended to provide insight into the capability of the selected systems to be used in OLED devices. In addition to an exploration of their ground and excited state geometry and electronic structures, the electronic transitions responsible for their absorption and spectra, as well as other photophysical properties, have been analyzed. To this end, their charge transfer parameters, the triplet exciton generation, phosphorescence quantum yield, and radiative decay rates have been studied. Overall, the results confirm that the selected systems are promising candidates to be used in OLED devices. Moreover, the results of this study assist in understanding the photophysical properties of Pt(ii) complexes with ppy ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Moradpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan81746-73441 IsfahanIran+98 31 3668 9732
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan81746-73441 IsfahanIran+98 31 3668 9732
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Mandegani Z, Nahaei A, Nikravesh M, Nabavizadeh SM, Shahsavari HR, Abu-Omar MM. Synthesis and Characterization of RhIII–MII (M = Pt, Pd) Heterobimetallic Complexes Based on a Bisphosphine Ligand: Tandem Reactions Using Ethanol. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mandegani
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Asma Nahaei
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Mahshid Nikravesh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - S. Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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5
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Shakirova JR, Hendi Z, Zhukovsky DD, Sokolov VV, Jamali S, Pavlovskiy VV, Porsev VV, Evarestov RA, Tunik SP. NIR emitting platinum pincer complexes based on the N^N^C ligand containing {benz[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin} aromatic system; synthesis, characterization and photophysical study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Jamshidi M, Barzegar-Kiadehi SR, Golbon Haghighi M, Notash B. Dual-Emissive Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine Platinum Complexes: Structural, Reactivity, Photophysical, and Theoretical Investigations. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Behrouz Notash
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
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7
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The history of organoplatinum chemistry in Iran: 40-year research. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Alavianmehr MM, Ashrafi A, Yousefi R, Haghighi MG, Abolmaali SS, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Rad MNS. Anticancer Activity Assessment and DNA Binding Properties of Two Binuclear Platinum (II) Complexes using Spectroscopic and Molecular Simulation Approaches. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2066-2073. [PMID: 32628598 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705221325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the biological properties and anticancer activities of platinum-based drugs and metal coordination complexes have been receiving particular attention. These compounds have revealed clinical potential in cancer chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE In this research, two binuclear platinum complexes including [Pt2Cl2(bhq)2(μ-dppm)] (1) and [(p- MeC6H4)(bhq) Pt(μ-dppm)Pt(bhq)(CF3CO2)] (2) with bhq: benzo[h] quinolone and dppm: bis(diphenylphosphino) methane have been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against A2780 and A2780/RCIS cancer cell lines. METHODS The DNA binding and interaction of AMP/GMP nucleotide with these complexes were explored by several experimental and theoretical methods, including UV-Visible, fluorescence spectroscopic techniques and docking analysis. These complexes have demonstrated significant anticancer properties against cisplatinsensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780/RCIS) human ovarian cancer cell lines. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that these complexes interact with DNA. Additionally, the fluorescence emission measurements indicated that the platinum complexes binding with DNA structure occurs through nonintercalative interaction. The molecular docking assessments have also revealed the binding of these platinum complexes through DNA grooves. Moreover, the results have indicated that complex 1 exhibited more anticancer activity than complex 2. CONCLUSION The results of the DNA binding with these platinum complexes confirmed their potential antitumor properties. The substitution of -C6H4CH3 and -CO2CF3 groups in complex 2 with two chlorine atoms in complex 1 acquired the significant improvement of the anticancer activity against the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Mohsen G Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Samira S Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad N S Rad
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
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Alvarez S. Coordinating Ability of Anions, Solvents, Amino Acids, and Gases towards Alkaline and Alkaline-Earth Elements, Transition Metals, and Lanthanides. Chemistry 2020; 26:4350-4377. [PMID: 31910294 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After briefly reviewing the applications of the coordination ability indices proposed earlier for anions and solvents toward transition metals and lanthanides, a new analysis of crystal structures is applied now to a much larger number of coordinating species: anions (including those that are present in ionic solvents), solvents, amino acids, gases, and a sample of neutral ligands. The coordinating ability towards s-block elements is now also considered. The effect of several factors on the coordinating ability will be discussed: (a) the charge of an anion, (b) the chelating nature of anions and solvents, (c) the degree of protonation of oxo-anions, carboxylates and amino carboxylates, and (d) the substitution of hydrogen atoms by methyl groups in NH3 , ethylenediamine, benzene, ethylene, pyridine and aldehydes. Hit parades of solvents and anions most commonly used in the areas of transition metal, s-block and lanthanide chemistry are deduced from the statistics of their presence in crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Department de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Nikahd S, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, Nabavizadeh SM, Niroomand Hosseini F, Hoseini SJ, Pfitzner A, Samandar Sangari M. Luminescent mononuclear and dinuclear cycloplatinated (II) complexes comprising azide and phosphine ancillary ligands. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahebeh Nikahd
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71467‐13565 Iran
| | | | - S. Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71467‐13565 Iran
| | | | - S. Jafar Hoseini
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71467‐13565 Iran
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Mozhgan Samandar Sangari
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71467‐13565 Iran
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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11
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Nazari M, Shahsavari HR. Strong red emissions induced by Pt–Pt interactions in binuclear cycloplatinated(II) complexes containing bridging diphosphines. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Nazari
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45137‐66731 Iran
| | - Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of ChemistryInstitute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45137‐66731 Iran
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12
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Shahsavari HR, Giménez N, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Fereidoonnezhad M, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, Khatami M, Kalantari F, Jamshidi Z, Mohammadpour M. Heterobimetallic PtII
-AuI
Complexes Comprising Unsymmetrical 1,1-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane Bridges: Synthesis, Photophysical, and Cytotoxic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); 45137-66731 Zanjan Iran
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Masood Fereidoonnezhad
- Toxicology Research Center; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Student Research Committee; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Reza Babadi Aghakhanpour
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); 45137-66731 Zanjan Iran
| | - Mehri Khatami
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); 45137-66731 Zanjan Iran
| | - Foroogh Kalantari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Student Research Committee; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Student Research Committee; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; 14968-13151 Tehran Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Mohammadpour
- Student Research Committee; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; 14968-13151 Tehran Iran
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Paziresh S, Babadi Aghakhanpour R, Fuertes S, Sicilia V, Niroomand Hosseini F, Nabavizadeh SM. A double rollover cycloplatinated(ii) skeleton: a versatile platform for tuning emission by chelating and non-chelating ancillary ligand systems. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5713-5724. [PMID: 30968899 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Described here is the synthesis and characterization of heteroleptic binuclear platinum(ii) complexes of the type [Pt2(μ-bpy-2H)(S^S)2] and [Pt2(μ-bpy-2H)(L)2(X)2], containing a 2,2'-bipyridine-based double rollover cycloplatinated core (Pt(μ-bpy-2H)Pt), in combination with the anionic S^S- chelate ligands di(ethyl)dithiocarbamate (dedtc) and O,O'-di(cyclohexyl)dithiophosphate (dcdtp) or non-chelating L/X ancillary ligands (PPh3/Me, t-BuNC/Me, PPh3/SCN and PPh3/N3). The new complexes were characterized using multinuclear (1H, 31P and 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy and some of them additionally using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The absorption and photoluminescence of the complexes show a strong dependence on the ancillary ligands. Upon excitation at 365 nm, in a CH2Cl2 rigid matrix (77 K), the complexes exhibit structured emission bands with λmax between 488 nm and 525 nm and vibrational spacing around 1350 cm-1, indicating the excited states centered on the cyclometalated ligand (3ILCT) with some mixing 3MLCT characteristics. In the case of the PPh3/N3 complex, a dual emission band (orange color) is observed in the solid state at 298 K for which the low energy band arises from an aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Upon lowering the temperature (77 K), thermochromism is observed (orange to yellow) which is accompanied by the intensification of the high energy band (ligand-centered structured band). Finally, in order to rationalize the obtained photophysical data, complete DFT (density functional theory) and TD-DFT (time-dependent DFT) calculations were performed on the selected complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Paziresh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
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14
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Molaee H, Nabavizadeh SM, Jamshidi M, Vilsmeier M, Pfitzner A, Samandar Sangari M. Phosphorescent heterobimetallic complexes involving platinum(iv) and rhenium(vii) centers connected by an unsupported μ-oxido bridge. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16077-16088. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic compounds containing an unsupported Pt(iv)–O–Re(vii) bridge are synthesized. The complexes exhibit rare phosphorescence emission in solid and frozen states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Molaee
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shiraz University
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | | | | | - Max Vilsmeier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Arno Pfitzner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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