1
|
Satheeshkumar K, Saravanakumar P, Kalavathi A, Vennila KN, Elango KP. Spectroscopic and TD-DFT studies on the chromo-fluorogenic detection of cyanide ions in organic and aquo-organic media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123054. [PMID: 37364411 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A new naked-eye chromogenic and fluorogenic probe KS5 has been developed for the detection of CN- ions in neat DMSO and H2O:DMSO (1:1 v/v) media. The probe KS5 exhibited selectivity towards CN- and F- ions in organic and high selectivity towards CN- ions in aquo-organic media resulting in a colour change from brown to colourless and a turn-on fluorescence response. The probe could able to detect CN- ions via a deprotonation process, which was conceived by consecutive addition of hydroxide and hydrogen ions and confirmed using 1H NMR studies. The limit of detection (LOD) of KS5 towards CN- ions were in the range of 0.07-0.62 µM in both these solvent systems. Suppression of intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of KS5 by the added CN- ions are responsible for the chromogenic and fluorogenic changes observed, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations strongly supported the proposed mechanism along with the optical properties of the probe before and after the addition of CN- ions. To prove the practical applicability, KS5 was successfully utilized to detect CN- ions in cassava powder and bitter almonds as well as to determine CN- ions in various real water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - P Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - K N Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yadav I, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Synthesis, Spectral, Redox, and Sensing Studies of β-Dicyanovinyl-Appended Corroles and Their Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7738-7752. [PMID: 37146287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new family of β-dicyanovinyl (DCV)-appended corroles represented as MTPC(MN) (where M = 3H, Cu, Ag, and Co(PPh3) and MN = malononitrile and TPC = 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole) were synthesized starting from the free base mono β-formyl corrole, H3TPC(CHO), and characterized along with their respective MTPC(CHO) and MTPC complexes as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. Comparisons between the two series of corroles demonstrate a pronounced substituent effect of the β-DCV group on the physicochemical properties making the MTPC(MN) derivatives substantially easier to reduce and more difficult to oxidize than the formyl or unsubstituted corroles. In addition, the colorimetric and spectral detection of 11 different anions (X) in the form of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX, X = PF6-, OAc-, H2PO4-, CN-, HSO4-, NO3-, ClO4-, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) were also investigated in nonaqueous media. Of the investigated anions, only CN- was found to induce changes in the UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra of the β-DCV metallocorroles. This data revealed that CuTPC(MN) and AgTPC(MN) act as chemodosimeters for selective cyanide ion detection via a nucleophilic attack at the vinylic carbon of the DCV substituent, while (PPh3)CoTPC(MN) acts as a chemosensor for cyanide ion sensing via axial coordination to the cobalt metal center. A low-limit detection of cyanide ions was observed at 1.69 ppm for CuTPC(MN) and 1.17 ppm for AgTPC(MN) in toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Wang Y, Chen C, To CT. Mechanochemical
β
‐Halogenation of nickel(II) porphyrins at room temperature. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
4
|
|
5
|
Ishizuka T, Grover N, Kingsbury CJ, Kotani H, Senge MO, Kojima T. Nonplanar porphyrins: synthesis, properties, and unique functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7560-7630. [PMID: 35959748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00391k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are variously substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, with wide-ranging biological and chemical applications derived from metal chelation in the core and the 18π aromatic surface. Under suitable conditions, the porphyrin framework can deform significantly from regular planar shape, owing to steric overload on the porphyrin periphery or steric repulsion in the core, among other structure modulation strategies. Adopting this nonplanar porphyrin architecture allows guest molecules to interact directly with an exposed core, with guest-responsive and photoactive electronic states of the porphyrin allowing energy, information, atom and electron transfer within and between these species. This functionality can be incorporated and tuned by decoration of functional groups and electronic modifications, with individual deformation profiles adapted to specific key sensing and catalysis applications. Nonplanar porphyrins are assisting breakthroughs in molecular recognition, organo- and photoredox catalysis; simultaneously bio-inspired and distinctly synthetic, these molecules offer a new dimension in shape-responsive host-guest chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the synthetic methods and design aspects of nonplanar porphyrin formation, key properties, structure and functionality of the nonplanar aromatic framework, and the scope and utility of this emerging class towards outstanding scientific, industrial and environmental issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prakash K, Osterloh WR, Rathi P, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Facile synthesis of antipodal β-arylaminodibromoporphyrins through Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling reaction and exploring their spectral and electrochemical redox properties. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Kumar S, Chaudhri N, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Nickel(II) monobenzoporphyrins and chlorins: synthesis, electrochemistry and anion sensing properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17086-17100. [PMID: 34779452 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of nickel(II) monobenzochlorins (MBCs) and monobenzoporphyrins (MBPs) containing β-appended or meso,β-fused indanedione (IND) or malononitrile (MN) groups were synthesized and characterized for their physicochemical, electrochemical and anion sensing properties. Each investigated compound contained four meso-phenyl rings and a single β,β'-fused 4,5-di(methoxycarbonyl)benzene ring, with the chlorins represented as NiMBC(Y)2(R)4 and the porphyrins as NiMBP(YF)2, where Y is an indanedione (IND) or malononitrile (MN) group, R = H or Br and YF is a meso,β-fused IND or MN substituent. One of the investigated compounds, NiMBP(IND)2, was structurally characterized and shown to possess a ruffled macrocyclic conformation. The monobenzochlorins, NiMBC(IND)2, NiMBC(IND)2Br4 and NiMBC(MN)2, reversibly respond to basic anions such as CN-, F-, OAc- and H2PO4- through a visible color change assigned to the deprotonation of the vicinal proton on the appended IND or MN substituents. The malononitrile-fused NiII monobenzoporphyrin, NiMBP(MN)2, exhibited a selective but irreversible visual detection of cyanide ions (LOD = 2.23 ppm). This reaction afforded a tri-fused π-extended monobenzoporphyrin product represented as NiMBP(VCN)2 (where VCN = meso,β-fused vinyl cyanide) in non-aqueous media and proceeded via anion induced electron transfer (AIET). The in situ generated π-extended porphyrin was also isolated and characterized as to its physicochemical and electrochemical properties and found to possess a narrow electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.46 V along with a near-IR (NIR) absorption band located at 861 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osadchuk I, Aav R, Borovkov V, Clot E. Chirogenesis in Zinc Porphyrins: Theoretical Evaluation of Electronic Transitions, Controlling Structural Factors and Axial Ligation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1817-1833. [PMID: 34213815 PMCID: PMC8457158 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, sixteen different zinc porphyrins (possessing different meso substituents) with and without a chiral guest were modelled using DFT and TD-DFT approaches in order to understand the influence of various controlling factors on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Two major aspects are influenced by these factors: excitation energy of the electronic transitions and their intensity. In the case of excitation energy, the influence increases in the following order: orientation of the peripheral substituents
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crystallographic and (spectro)electrochemical characterizations of cobalt(II) 10-phenyl-5,15-di-p-tolylporphyrin. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Lvova L, Pomarico G, Mandoj F, Caroleo F, Di Natale C, Kadish KM, Nardis S. Smartphone coupled with a paper-based optode: Towards a selective cyanide detection. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost on-paper sensor based on 5,10,15-tritolylcorrolatocobalt(III) triphenylphosphine, CoTTCorr(PPh3), was developed for cyanide detection in aqueous solutions. The sensor was coupled to a smartphone and used a home-written color intensity analysis software in order to record and interpret the colorimetric response. The detection of cyanide was possible down to 0.053 mg/L, an order of magnitude lower than the value of 0.5 mg/L set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for safe short-term exposure of cyanide in potable water. The colorimetric sensor had selectivity toward cyanide ions over the anions Cl-, Br, F-, NO2, SCN-, OA[Formula: see text]-,ClO4-, H2PO4- and HCO3- while the influence of NO3- ions on the sensor optical response towards cyanide was overcome by optimization of the ionophore/anion-exchanger ratio inside the sensing material. The best performance was obtained for the optode with an ionophore to exchanger ratio of 1:3. The optimized optodes were employed for quantification of cyanide content added to potable water and saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Lvova
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa, 11 - 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Mandoj
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caroleo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University “Tor Vergata”, via Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Nardis
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University “Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|