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Zhang GQ, Shi YH, Wu W, Zhao Y, Xu ZH. A fluorescent carbon dots synthesized at room temperature for automatic determination of nitrite in Sichuan pickles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122025. [PMID: 36308829 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, highly fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized from sodium ascorbate and polyethyleneimine at room temperature (R-CDs). The proposed green synthesis method was energy-saving, environmentally friendly and easy online. R-CDs exhibit an optimal emission peak of 490 nm under excitation at 380 nm with a quantum yield of 32 %. R-CDs morphology, composition, and properties were characterized using TEM, FTIR, XPS, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The study revealed that nitrite quenched the fluorescence of R-CDs under acidic conditions. Subsequently, this discovered reaction of R-CDs and nitrite was combined with flow-injection technology, and a simple, precise and automatic fluorescence strategy for nitrite determination was accomplished. The response to nitrite was linear in 5-300 μg·L-1 concentration range and the limit of detection was 2.85 μg·L-1 (3.3 S/k). This method was applied to nitrite determination in Sichuan pickles during the pickling process and results were consistent with the standard method, demonstrating its feasibility in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yu-Han Shi
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Shenzhen Changlong Technology Co Ltd., Longgang District, Shenzhen 518117, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China.
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Rehman HU, Kakar AUR, Yaqoob M, Asghar M, Saeed Ahmed S, Nisa KU. Determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride by flow injection chemiluminescence tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-silver(III) complex system. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:99-108. [PMID: 36494159 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) approach is proposed for the assay of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG-HCl) based on its enhancing influence on the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-silver(III) complex (Ru(bipy)3 2+ -DPA) CL system in sulfuric acid medium. The possible CL reaction mechanism is discussed with CL and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The optimum experimental conditions were found as: Ru(bipy)3 2+ , 5.0 × 10-5 M; sulfuric acid, 1.0 × 10-3 M; diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA), 1.0 × 10-4 M; potassium hydroxide, 1.0 × 10-3 M; flow rate 4.0 ml min-1 for each flow stream and sample loop volume, 180 μl. The CL intensity of PG-HCl was linear in the range of 1.0 × 10-3 to 5.0 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9998, n = 10) with limit of detection [LOD, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3] of 2.2 × 10-4 mg L-1 , limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 6.7 × 10-4 mg L-1 , relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0 to 3.3% and sampling rate of 106 h-1 . The methodology was satisfactorily used to quantify PG-HCl in pharmaceutical tablets with recoveries ranging from 93.17 to 102.77 and RSD from 1.9 to 2.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ur Rehman
- Baluchistan Residential College Turbat, Kech, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammed Yaqoob
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Syed Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Khair Un Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
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Zhang GQ, Shi YH, Zhao Y, Xu ZH. Flow injection spectrophotometric determination total antioxidant capacity in human serum samples based on response surface methodology to optimize synthesized peroxidase-like activity carbon dots. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121832. [PMID: 36088741 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is an important indicator for evaluating oxidative stress of the human body. Since TAC is related to the concentration of reducing substances, it can be detected by using peroxidase-like or oxidase-like activity of nanozyme materials. In this work, the cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Co/N-CDs) are fabricated for building stability and high peroxidase-like nanozyme through the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. The morphology and luminescence properties of obtained Co/N-CDs were characterized by TEM and fluorophotometer, respectively. Interestingly, the surface charge of Co/N-CDs are innovatively investigated by a simple and widespread gel electrophoresis, which holds the potential to be an alternative to Zeta potential analysis. In addition, a flow injection spectrophotometric assay to detect ascorbic acid is develop with a high sensitivity and automation based on a Co/N-CDs/guaiacol/H2O2 catalytic reaction system. The proposed method is also responsive to other reducing substances such as cysteine and glutathione. Therefore, the presented sensor can realize the determination of TAC, and then, some actual human serum samples are detected accurately and quickly (the recovery rates are 93.46-105.61 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yu-Han Shi
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Shenzhen Changlong Technology Co. Ltd., Longgang District, Shenzhen 518117, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Department of Chemisty, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, PR China.
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Rocha FRP, Zagatto EAG. Chemical Derivatization in Flow Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:1563. [PMID: 35268664 PMCID: PMC8912107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical derivatization for improving selectivity and/or sensitivity is a common practice in analytical chemistry. It is particularly attractive in flow analysis in view of its highly reproducible reagent addition(s) and controlled timing. Then, measurements without attaining the steady state, kinetic discrimination, exploitation of unstable reagents and/or products, as well as strategies compliant with Green Analytical Chemistry, have been efficiently exploited. Flow-based chemical derivatization has been accomplished by different approaches, most involving flow and manifold programming. Solid-phase reagents, novel strategies for sample insertion and reagent addition, as well as to increase sample residence time have been also exploited. However, the required alterations in flow rates and/or manifold geometry may lead to spurious signals (e.g., Schlieren effect) resulting in distorted peaks and a noisy/drifty baseline. These anomalies can be circumvented by a proper flow system design. In this review, these aspects are critically discussed mostly in relation to spectrophotometric and luminometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias A. G. Zagatto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil;
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Kumar A, Srivastava SK, Srivastava M, Prakash R. Electrochemical sensing of pioglitazone hydrochloride on N-doped r-GO modified commercial electrodes. Analyst 2021; 146:3578-3588. [PMID: 33913938 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00224d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explain the electrochemical sensing of commercially available pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIOZ) tablets on a nitrogen (N) doped r-GO (Nr-GO) modified commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a commercial screen printed graphite electrode (SPGE). Nr-GO is synthesized by the chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and simultaneous insertion of an N-dopant by hydrazine monohydrate. Pristine GO itself is prepared by chemical exfoliation of bulk graphite. Upon chemical reduction, the exfoliated GO sheets restack together leaving behind the doped N-atom as evidenced by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The N-atom exists in the pyrrolinic and pyridinic form at the edge of graphitic domains which is confirmed by XPS. The as-synthesized Nr-GO is used for the preparation of electro-active electrodes with the help of the GCE and SPGE. These electrodes have the capability to oxidize PIOZ by a diffusion dominated process as evidenced by the impedance spectroscopic technique. The differential pulse voltammetric responses of different concentrations of PIOZ are assessed over the Nr-GO modified GCE and SPGE, which exhibit better limits of detection (LODs) of 67 nM and 29 nM, respectively, compared to those from earlier reports. These assays exhibit non-interfering capability in the presence of various body interferents at pH = 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India.
| | - S K Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, UP, India
| | - Monika Srivastava
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India.
| | - Rajiv Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India.
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Zhang GQ, Zhang XY, Luo YX, Li YS, Zhao Y, Gao XF. A flow injection fluorescence "turn-on" sensor for the determination of metformin hydrochloride based on the inner filter effect of nitrogen-doped carbon dots/gold nanoparticles double-probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119384. [PMID: 33422879 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an ultrasensitive and rapid "turn-on" fluorescence sensor, integrating flow-injection (FI) with nitrogen-doped carbon dots/gold nanoparticles (N-CDs/AuNPs) double-probe is established for the determination of metformin hydrochloride (MET) in biological fluids. The sensing strategy involves the weak inner filter effect between AuNPs and N-CDs due to aggregation products of MET with AuNPs. Unfortunately, the degree of AuNPs aggregation is difficult to control through manual assays, resulting in intolerable measurement error that limits further applications. However, the proposed method overcomes the above problem, and significantly lowers the consumption of expensive reagents (AuNPs: about 60 μL per test). Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity at 400 nm excitation and 505 nm emission wavelengths display a linear correlation with MET concentration (5-100 μg L-1) and the limit of detection is 2.32 μg L-1 (3.3 S/k). The advantages of the presented method include high sensitivity, rapid speed (60 sample h-1), good accuracy and precision (RSD ≤ 2.1%, n = 11) and low cost. Since MET is the first-line hypoglycemic agent in patients with type II diabetes, this method can preliminarily determine MET content in urine samples, giving satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu-Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Gao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zhang GQ, Li YS, Zhao Y, Luo YX, Gao XF. A rapid and automated flow injection spectrophotometric determination method for pioglitazone/metformin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation and to confirmation of its reaction principle using PCX column. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Badeggi UM, Ismail E, Adeloye AO, Botha S, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped with Procyanidins from Leucosidea sericea as Potential Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Agents. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030452. [PMID: 32183213 PMCID: PMC7175165 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, procyanidins fractions of dimers and trimers (F1-F2) from the Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were investigated for their chemical constituents. The total extract and the procyanidins were employed in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and fully characterized. Au NPs of 6, 24 and 21 nm were obtained using LSTE, F1 and F2 respectively. Zeta potential and in vitro stability studies confirmed the stability of the particles. The enzymatic activity of LSTE, F1, F2 and their corresponding Au NPs showed strong inhibitory alpha-amylase activity where F1 Au NPs demonstrated the highest with IC50 of 1.88 µg/mL. On the other hand, F2 Au NPs displayed the strongest alpha-glucosidase activity at 4.5 µg/mL. F2 and F2 Au NPs also demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, 1834.0 ± 4.7 μM AAE/g and 1521.9 ± 3.0 μM TE/g respectively. The study revealed not only the ability of procyanidins dimers (F1 and F2) in forming biostable and bioactive Au NPs but also, a significant enhancement of the natural products activities, which could improve the smart delivery in future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M. Badeggi
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Enas Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Adewale O. Adeloye
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Subelia Botha
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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