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Eno EA, Louis H, Unimuke TO, Agwamba EC, Etim AT, Mbonu JI, Edet HO, Egemoye T, Adegoke KA, Ameuru US. Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, synthesis, characterization, DFT, TD-DFT study of some novel reactive azobenzoquinoline dye structures to elucidate their photovoltaic properties. The azobenzoquinoline compounds were experimentally synthesized through a series of reaction routes starting from acenaphthene to obtained aminododecylnaphthalimide and finally coupled with diazonium salts to get the desired azobenzoquinoline. Azo dye synthesized differ in the number of alkyl chains designated as (AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4) which were experimentally analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The synthesized structures were modelled for computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with B3LYP and 6-31+G(d) basis set level of theory. The results showed that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap was steady at approximately 2.8 eV as the alkyl chain increases, which has been proven to be within the material energy gap limit for application in photovoltaic. The highest intramolecular natural bond orbital (NBO) for the studied compounds is 27.60, 55.06, 55.06, and 55.04 kcal/mol for AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4 respectively and the donor and acceptor interacting orbitals for the highest stabilization energy (E
(2)) are LP(1)N
18 and π*C
16−O
19 respectively. The photovoltaic properties in terms of light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), Short circuit current density (J
SC), Gibbs free energy of injection (ΔG
inj), open-circuit voltage (V
OC) and Gibbs free energy of regeneration (ΔG
reg) were evaluated to be within the required limit for DSSC design. Overall, the obtained theoretical photovoltaic results were compared with other experimental and computational findings, thus, are in excellent agreement for organic solar cell design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ededet A. Eno
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Clifford University , Owerrinta , Abia State , Nigeria
| | - Anita T. Etim
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Justina I. Mbonu
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Petroleum Resources Efurun , Efurun , Delta State , Nigeria
| | - Henry O. Edet
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - ThankGod Egemoye
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Kayode A. Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Umar S. Ameuru
- Department of polymer and Textile Engineering , Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria
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Housecroft CE, Constable EC. Solar energy conversion using first row d-block metal coordination compound sensitizers and redox mediators. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1225-1262. [PMID: 35222908 PMCID: PMC8809415 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renewable energy is essential for the future of the Earth, and solar photons are the ultimate source of energy to satisfy the ever-increasing global energy demands. Photoconversion using dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is becoming an established technology to contribute to the sustainable energy market, and among state-of-the art DSCs are those which rely on ruthenium(ii) sensitizers and the triiodide/iodide (I3 -/I-) redox mediator. Ruthenium is a critical raw material, and in this review, we focus on the use of coordination complexes of the more abundant first row d-block metals, in particular copper, iron and zinc, as dyes in DSCs. A major challenge in these DSCs is an enhancement of their photoconversion efficiencies (PCEs) which currently lag significantly behind those containing ruthenium-based dyes. The redox mediator in a DSC is responsible for regenerating the ground state of the dye. Although the I3 -/I- couple has become an established redox shuttle, it has disadvantages: its redox potential limits the values of the open-circuit voltage (V OC) in the DSC and its use creates a corrosive chemical environment within the DSC which impacts upon the long-term stability of the cells. First row d-block metal coordination compounds, especially those containing cobalt, and copper, have come to the fore in the development of alternative redox mediators and we detail the progress in this field over the last decade, with particular attention to Cu2+/Cu+ redox mediators which, when coupled with appropriate dyes, have achieved V OC values in excess of 1000 mV. We also draw attention to aspects of the recyclability of DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058 Basel Switzerland
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Bhuse DV, Bhagat PR. Synthesis and characterization of a conjugated porphyrin dyad entangled with carboxyl functionalized benzimidazolium: an efficient metal free sensitizer for DSSCs. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel metal free porphyrin dyad with excellent electronic coupling and anti-aggregating stability via strong anchoring to semiconductor through six carboxyl groups exhibiting 6.9% PCE in a truly energy generating DSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan V. Bhuse
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
| | - Pundlik R. Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
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Investigating Various Permutations of Copper Iodide/FeCu Tandem Materials as Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with a Natural Dye. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040784. [PMID: 32325901 PMCID: PMC7221774 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and deposition of CuI and FeCu materials on copper substrates for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. FeCu is a metastable alloy of iron and copper powders and possesses good optical and intrinsic magnetic properties. Coupled with copper iodide as tandem layers, the deposition of these two materials was permutated over a pure copper substrate, characterized and then tested within a solar cell. The cell was sensitized with a natural dye extracted from a local desert plant (Calotropis gigantea) and operated with an iodine/triiodide electrolyte. The results show that the best layer arrangement was Cu/FeCu/CuI, which gave an efficiency of around 0.763% (compared to 0.196% from reported cells in the literature using a natural sensitizer).
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Ladomenou K, Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Sharma GD, Coutsolelos AG. Ru(II) porphyrins as sensitizers for DSSCs: Axial vs. peripheral carboxylate anchoring group. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461950072x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two porphyrin chromophores metallated with ruthenium, RuTBP and RuTBPPy, were prepared and studied as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The difference between the two dyes is the position (axial vs. peripheral) of the carboxylic anchoring group. This work examines the impact of this variation towards the optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The thorough photophysical and photovoltaic measurements indicated that the peripherally substituted sensitizer (RuTBP) presented higher photovoltaic performance compared to RuTBPPy. More specifically, DSSCs sensitized with RuTBP and RuTBPPy displayed an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.12% and 4.08%, respectively. The higher PCE value of the DSSC sensitized with RuTBP is mainly attributed to the enhancement of [Formula: see text] and FF values. These factors were enhanced due to the efficient dye regeneration process, the suppression of back-charge recombination reactions and the longer electron lifetimes as evidenced from the electrochemical impedance spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Hellenic Mediterranean University, Department of Agriculture, Estavromenos, 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasilis Nikolaou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Molecular Electronics and Optoelectronics Device Research Laboratory Department of Physics, LNMIIT, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Raj, 302031, India
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Prakash G, Subramanian K. Interaction of pyridine π-bridge-based poly(methacrylate) dyes for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells with the influence of different strength phenothiazine, fluorene and anthracene sensitizers as donor units with new anchoring mode. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost approach for the synthesis of three novel propeller-shaped (D2)–π–A type organic polymer dyes has been developed; a new acceptor and π-bridge (PYN) were used to tune the photoelectric properties: DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Prakash
- Department of Chemistry
- Anna University
- Chennai-600025
- India
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