Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 4,5-Dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-ones

The synthesis of previously unattainable 2,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-ones has been developed. Electrochemical reductions of readily available 2,2,2-trichloroethylideneacetophenones were followed by reaction with hydrazine, leading to 3-aryl-5-dichloromethyl-2-pyrazolines. These were treated with isocyanates to obtain the corresponding aminocarbonyl derivatives, which were found to be able to form an otherwise almost inaccessible imidazo[1,5-b]pyrazole ring system via a one-step reaction involving internal condensation followed by hydrogen chloride elimination and aromatization. The molecular­ structures of 2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-tosyl-4,5-dihydro­imidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-one, 5-dichloromethyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-p-tolylpyrazole-1-carboxamide, and 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-one were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Development of Novel and Efficient Processes for the Synthesis of 5-Amino and 5-Iminoimidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles via Three-Component Reaction Catalyzed by Zirconium(IV) Chloride

General and efficient approaches for the synthesis of new 5-amino and 5-iminoimidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles were developed through a three-component reaction of 1-unsubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles with various aldehydes and isocyanides mediated by zirconium(IV) chloride. The protocols were established considering the reactivity of the starting substrate, which varies depending on the presence of a substituent on the 2-aminoimidazole moiety. A library of new N-fused ring systems with wide structural diversification, novel synthetic, and potential pharmacological interest was obtained in moderate to good yields.

Unusual rearrangement of imidazo[1,5-a]imidazoles and imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles into imidazo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

A multicomponent reaction giving easy and cheap access to a variety of bicyclic 5,5-fused hetero-rings has been developed.