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Sahiner M, Yilmaz AS, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microgels for Sustained Delivery of Vancomycin and Long-Lasting Antibacterial Effects. Gels 2023; 9:708. [PMID: 37754390 PMCID: PMC10529976 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) is a unique polysaccharide with functional groups that can develop positive and negative charges due to the abundant numbers of amine and carboxylic acid groups. CMCh is widely used in different areas due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and chelating ability. CMCh microgels were synthesized in a microemulsion environment using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinking agent. CMCh microgel with tailored size and zeta potential values were obtained in a single stem by crosslinking CMCh in a water-in-oil environment. The spherical microgel structure is confirmed by SEM analysis. The sizes of CMCh microgels varied from one micrometer to tens of micrometers. The isoelectric point of CMCh microgels was determined as pH 4.4. Biocompatibility of CMCh microgels was verified on L929 fibroblasts with 96.5 ± 1.5% cell viability at 1 mg/mL concentration. The drug-carrying abilities of CMCh microgels were evaluated by loading Vancomycin (Van) antibiotic as a model drug. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity efficiency of Van-loaded CMCh microgels (Van@CMCh) was investigated. The MIC values of the released drug from Van@CMCh microgels were found to be 68.6 and 7.95 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, at 24 h contact time. Disk diffusion tests confirmed that Van@CMCh microgels, especially for Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, revealed long-lasting inhibitory effects on bacteria growth up to 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale, Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Aynur S. Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S. Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd., MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Jing D, Jiang N, Wang F, Mao C, Han S, Ho PY, Xiao W, Li Y, Li JJ, Zhang L, Lam KS. Nanoradiosensitizer with good tissue penetration and enhances oral cancer radiotherapeutic effect. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121769. [PMID: 36084485 PMCID: PMC10021813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low dose non-toxic disulfide cross-linked micelle (DCM) encapsulated paclitaxel (PTX) was found to be highly efficacious as a radiosensitizer against oral cancer preclinical model. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was locally administered for three consecutive days 24 h after intravascular injection of DCM-[PTX] at 5 mg/kg PTX. DCM-[PTX] NPs combined with conventional radiotherapy (2 Gy) resulted in a 1.7-fold improvement in therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional PTX plus radiotherapy. Interestingly, we found that radiotherapy can decrease tight junctions and increase the accumulation of DCM-[PTX] in tumor sites. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) given at 6 Gy was used to further investigate the synergistic anti-tumor effect. Tumor tissues were collected to analyze the relationship between the time interval after SBRT and the biodistribution of the nanomaterials. Compared to combination DCM-[PTX] with conventional radiation dose, combination DCM-PTX with SBRT was found to be more efficacious in inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunping Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujun Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Pui Yan Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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3
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Rehman U, Parveen N, Sheikh A, Abourehab MAS, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Polymeric nanoparticles-siRNA as an emerging nano-polyplexes against ovarian cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112766. [PMID: 35994990 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is considered fifth-deadliest cancer globally responsible for high mortality in women. As the conventional therapeutic and diagnostic approaches are ineffective in increasing the survival rates of advanced staged patients by more than 5 years, OC has resulted in high morbidity and mortality rates over the last two decades. As a result, there is a dire need for innovative treatment approaches to address the issues. RNAi and nanotechnology can be considered the most appropriate strategies that can be used to improve OC therapy and help circumvent the chemo-resistance. siRNA is considered highly successful in facilitating the knockdown of specific genes on entering the cytosol when administered in-vivo via inhibiting the mRNA expression responsible for translation of those specific genes through the mechanism called RNA interference (RNAi). However, the primary barrier of utmost importance in the clinical efficacy of employed siRNA for the treatment of OC is the systemic distribution to the targeted site from the administration site. As a result, nanoparticles are constructed to carry the siRNA molecules inside them to the targeted site by preventing serum degradation and enhancing the serum stability of administered siRNA. The present review assesses the developments made in the polymeric-based nanoparticle siRNA delivery for targeting particular genes involved in the prognosis of ovarian cancers and surpassing the chemo-resistance and thus improving the therapeutic potentials of administered agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urushi Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neha Parveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Afsana Sheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Lőrincz A, Mihály J, Wacha A, Németh C, Besztercei B, Gyulavári P, Varga Z, Peták I, Bóta A. Combination of multifunctional ursolic acid with kinase inhibitors for anti-cancer drug carrier vesicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112481. [PMID: 34857267 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A sterically stabilized unilamellar nanocarrier vesicle (SSV) system containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, ursolic acid and PEGylated phospholipid has been developed by exploiting the structural advantages of ursolic acid: by spontaneously attaching to the lipid head groups, it induces curvature at the outer side of the bilayers, allowing the preparation of size-limited vesicles without extrusion. Ursolic acid (UA) also interacts with the PEG chains, supporting steric stabilization even when the amount of PEGylated phospholipid is reduced. Using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, vesicles containing ursolic acid (UA-SSVs) were found to accumulate in the tumor in 3 h on xenografted mouse, suggesting the potential use of these vesicles for passive tumor targeting. Further on, mono- and combination therapy with UA and six different kinase inhibitors (crizotinib, erlotinib, foretinib, gefitinib, refametinib, trametinib) was tested on seven cancer cell-lines. In most combinations synergism was observed, in the case of trametinib even at very low concentration (0.001 μM), which targets the MAPK pathway most often activated in human cancers. The coupled intercalation of UA and trametinib (2:1 molar ratio) into vesicles causes further structural advantageous molecular interactions, promoting the formation of small vesicles. The high drug:lipid molar ratio (~0.5) in the novel type of co-delivery vesicles enables their direct medical application, possibly also overcoming the multidrug resistance effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lőrincz
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Mihály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - A Wacha
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cs Németh
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Besztercei
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Gyulavári
- Semmelweis University, Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Tűzoltó street 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Peták
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, 833 S. Wood street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Oncompass Medicine Ltd., Retek street 34, 1024 Budapest, Hungary; Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Nagyvárad square 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Group of Biological Nanochemistry, Magyar tudósok boulevard 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Shome A, Moses JC, Rather AM, Mandal BB, Manna U. Unconventional and Facile Fabrication of Chemically Reactive Silk Fibroin Sponges for Environmental Remediation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24258-24271. [PMID: 33985331 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin and silk microfibers, both derived from silk cocoon, have been widely used for prospective biomedical, energy, and environmental applications. However, various complex and catalyst-based approaches have been adopted for chemical modification and integration of different functionalities in silk fibroin-based materials. Here, both tailored water wettability and mechanical property have been associated with silk microfiber reinforced silk fibroin sponges (SMFRSFSs) through the strategic introduction of β-sheets and a facile and catalyst-free chemical reaction at ambient conditions. While the controlled tailoring of β-sheets in the silk fibroin skeletal framework of the sponges allowed us to modulate the compressive modulus, the 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between amine residues of silk (fiber and fibroin) and acrylate groups of a multifunctional cross-linker provided residual chemical reactivity. Further, the chemically "reactive" sponge was postmodified with the selected alkylamines to introduce a wide range of water wettability (from 36 to 161°) without affecting the mechanical property. Thereafter, the silk cocoon-derived and extremely water-repellent sponge was used for environment-friendly cleaning of oil spillages through selective absorption-based and filtration-based oil/water separation at different and severe aqueous conditions. This silk cocoon-derived mechanically tailorable and chemically reactive sponge could also be useful for various biomedical and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Shome
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Adil M Rather
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uttam Manna
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Materials Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781039, India
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6
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Xiao K, Liu Q, Suby N, Xiao W, Agrawal R, Vu M, Zhang H, Luo Y, Li Y, Lam KS. LHRH-Targeted Redox-Responsive Crosslinked Micelles Impart Selective Drug Delivery and Effective Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001196. [PMID: 33200571 PMCID: PMC7858235 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is efficacious against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but it is often associated with serious side effects. Here, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor-targeted and tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticle system to selectively deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to TNBC cells, is reported. This delivery system (termed "LHRH-DCMs") contains poly(ethylene glycol) and dendritic cholic acid as a micellar carrier, reversible intra-micellar disulfide bond as a redox-responsive crosslink, and synthetic high-affinity (D-Lys)-LHRH peptide as a targeting moiety. LHRH-DCMs exhibit high drug loading efficiency, optimal particle size, good colloidal stability, and glutathione-responsive drug release. As expected, LHRH-DCMs are more efficiently internalized into human TNBC cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, resulting in stronger cytotoxicity against these cancer cells than the non-targeted counterpart when encapsulated with paclitaxel (PTX). Furthermore, near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate that LHRH-DCMs facilitate the tumor distribution and penetration of payloads in three different animal models of breast cancer, including cell line-derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived xenograft (PDX), and transgenic mammary carcinoma. Finally, in vivo therapeutic studies show that PTX-LHRH-DCMs outperform both the corresponding nontargeted PTX-DCMs and the current clinical formulation (Taxol) in an orthotopic TNBC model. These results provide new insights into approaches for precise drug delivery of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Nell Suby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Rinki Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Michael Vu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
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Jung D, Rust T, Völlmecke K, Schoppa T, Langer K, Kuckling D. Backbone vs. side-chain: two light-degradable polyurethanes based on 6-nitropiperonal. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel polyurethanes, which are based on 6-nitropiperonal and differ in the implementation of the light-cleavable unit, were synthesized to develop a drug delivery system that only releases cargo upon application of a certain trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- Paderborn University
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | - Tarik Rust
- Department of Chemistry
- Paderborn University
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
| | | | - Timo Schoppa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
- University of Münster
- D-48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry
- Paderborn University
- D-33098 Paderborn
- Germany
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Nandi S, Kale N, Patil A, Banerjee S, Patil Y, Khandare J. A graphene-sandwiched DNA nano-system: regulation of intercalated doxorubicin for cellular localization. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5746-5759. [PMID: 36133866 PMCID: PMC9417510 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Control of the sub-cellular localization of nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced drug-loading capacity, employing graphene oxide (GO), iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs and sandwiched deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bearing intercalated anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) has been investigated in this work. The nanosystems G-DNA-DOX-Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-DNA-DOX differentially influence serum protein binding and deliver DOX to lysosomal compartments of cervical cancer (HeLa) cells with enhanced retention. Stern-Volmer plots describing BSA adsorption on the nanosystems demonstrated the quenching constants, K sv for G-DNA-DOX-Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-DNA-DOX (0.025 mL μg-1 and 0.0103 mL μg-1 respectively). Nuclear DOX intensity, measured at 24 h, was ∼2.0 fold higher for Fe3O4-DNA-DOX in HeLa cells. Parallelly, the cytosol displayed ∼2.2 fold higher DOX intensity for Fe3O4-DNA-DOX compared to G-DNA-DOX-Fe3O4. Fe3O4-DNA-DOX was more efficacious in the cytotoxic effect than G-DNA-DOX-Fe3O4 (viability of treated cells: 33% and 49% respectively). The DNA:nanosystems demonstrated superior cytotoxicity compared to mole-equivalent free DOX administration. The results implicate DNA:DOX NPs in influencing the cellular uptake mechanism and were critically subject to cellular localization. Furthermore, cell morphology analysis evidenced maximum deformation attributed to free-DOX with 34% increased cell roundness, 63% decreased cell area and ∼1.9 times increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio after 24 h. In the case of Fe3O4-DNA-DOX, the N/C ratio increased 1.2 times and a maximum ∼37% decrease in NSA was noted suggesting involvement of non-canonical cytotoxic pathways. In conclusion, the study makes a case for designing nanosystems with controlled and regulated sub-cellular localization to potentially exploit secondary cytotoxic pathways, in addition to optimized drug-loading for enhanced anticancer efficacy and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semonti Nandi
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy Kothrud Pune 411038 India
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University MIT Campus, S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
| | - Narendra Kale
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy Kothrud Pune 411038 India
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University MIT Campus, S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
| | - Ashwini Patil
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy Kothrud Pune 411038 India
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University MIT Campus, S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
| | - Shashwat Banerjee
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College Talegaon Dabhade Pune 410507 India
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College Talegaon Dabhade Pune 410507 India
| | - Jayant Khandare
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University MIT Campus, S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
- School of Consciousness, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University MIT Campus, S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
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Rehan F, Ahemad N, Islam RA, Gupta M, Gan SH, Chowdhury EH. Optimization and Formulation of Nanostructured and Self-Assembled Caseinate Micelles for Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects of Paclitaxel on Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100984. [PMID: 33080962 PMCID: PMC7589039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used anti-cancer drug for treating various types of solid malignant tumors including breast, ovarian and lung cancers. However, PTX has a low therapeutic response and is linked with acquired resistance, as well as a high incidence of adverse events, such as allergic reactions, neurotoxicity and myelosuppression. The situation is compounded when its complex chemical structure contributes towards hydrophobicity, shortening its circulation time in blood, causing off-target effects and limiting its therapeutic activity against cancer cells. Formulating a smart nano-carrier may overcome the solubility and toxicity issues of the drug and enable its more selective delivery to the cancerous cells. Among the nano-carriers, natural polymers are of great importance due to their excellent biodegradability, non-toxicity and good accessibility. The aim of the present research is to develop self-assembled sodium caseinate nanomicelles (NaCNs) with PTX loaded into the hydrophobic core of NaCNs for effective uptake of the drug in cancer cells and its subsequent intracellular release. METHODS The PTX-loaded micelle was characterized with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Following treatment with PTX-loaded NaCNs, cell viability, cellular uptake and morphological changes were analyzed using MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found that PTX-loaded NaCNs efficiently released PTX in an acidic tumor environment, while showing an enhanced cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and in-vivo anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse model of breast cancer when compared to free drug and blank micelles. Additionally, the nanomicelles also presented improved colloidal stability for three months at 4 °C and -20 °C and when placed at a temperature of 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the newly developed NaCNs is a promising carrier of PTX to enhance tumor accumulation of the drug while addressing its toxicity issues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rehan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.R.); (N.A.); (M.G.); (S.H.G.)
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.R.); (N.A.); (M.G.); (S.H.G.)
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Global Asia in the 21st century Research Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rowshan Ara Islam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Manish Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.R.); (N.A.); (M.G.); (S.H.G.)
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248009, India
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.R.); (N.A.); (M.G.); (S.H.G.)
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Miller EM, Samec TM, Alexander-Bryant AA. Nanoparticle delivery systems to combat drug resistance in ovarian cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102309. [PMID: 32992019 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of early symptoms and difficulty of accurate diagnosis, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer faced by women. First-line therapy includes a combination of tumor resection surgery and chemotherapy regimen. However, treatment becomes more complex upon recurrence due to development of drug resistance. Drug resistance has been linked to many mechanisms, including efflux transporters, apoptosis dysregulation, autophagy, cancer stem cells, epigenetics, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, developing and choosing effective therapies is exceptionally complex. There is a need for increased specificity and efficacy in therapies for drug-resistant ovarian cancer, and research in targeted nanoparticle delivery systems aims to fulfill this challenge. Although recent research has focused on targeted nanoparticle-based therapies, few of these therapies have been clinically translated. In this review, non-viral nanoparticle delivery systems developed to overcome drug-resistance in ovarian cancer were analyzed, including their structural components, surface modifications, and drug-resistance targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Miller
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Timothy M Samec
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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11
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Mejlsøe S, Kakkar A. Telodendrimers: Promising Architectural Polymers for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:E3995. [PMID: 32887285 PMCID: PMC7504730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Architectural complexity has played a key role in enhancing the efficacy of nanocarriers for a variety of applications, including those in the biomedical field. With the continued evolution in designing macromolecules-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, the combination approach of using important features of linear polymers with dendrimers has offered an advantageous and viable platform. Such nanostructures, which are commonly referred to as telodendrimers, are hybrids of linear polymers covalently linked with different dendrimer generations and backbones. There is considerable variety in selection from widely studied linear polymers and dendrimers, which can help tune the overall composition of the resulting hybrid structures. This review highlights the advances in articulating syntheses of these macromolecules, and the contributions these are making in facilitating therapeutic administration. Limited progress has been made in the design and synthesis of these hybrid macromolecules, and it is through an understanding of their physicochemical properties and aqueous self-assembly that one can expect to fully exploit their potential in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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12
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He Y, Cong C, Li X, Zhu R, Li A, Zhao S, Li X, Cheng X, Yang M, Gao D. Nano-drug System Based on Hierarchical Drug Release for Deep Localized/Systematic Cascade Tumor Therapy Stimulating Antitumor Immune Responses. Theranostics 2019; 9:2897-2909. [PMID: 31244931 PMCID: PMC6568183 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inaccessibility of deep-seated malignant cells in the central region of tumors and uncontrollable tumor recurrence represent a significant challenge for conventional synergistic cancer therapy. Herein, we designed a novel nanoplatform based on hierarchical drug release for deep cascade cancer therapy including localized photothermal therapy, systematic chemotherapy, and elicited immune responses. Methods: The first-step chemotherapy could be carried out by polydopamine (PDA) releasing doxorubicin (DOX) in the specific microenvironment of lysosomes (pH 5.5). The branched gold nanoshells and PDA converted the light to heat efficiently to accomplish the second-step photothermal therapy and collapsed biomimetic vesicles (BVs) to release paclitaxel (PTX), which promoted the third-step of chemotherapy and triggered immune responses. Results: After 10 days of treatment, there were no obvious residual tumors in tumor-bearing mice. Significantly, 10 days after stopping treatment, mice in the drug immune-therapeutic group showed little tumor recurrence (1.5 times) compared to substantial recurrence (20 times) in the conventional treatment group. Conclusion: The hierarchical drug release and cascade therapeutic modality enhance the penetration of drugs deep into the tumor tissue and effectively inhibit recurrence. This cascade therapeutic modality provides a novel approach for more effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu He
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Cong Cong
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhu
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Anshuo Li
- Department of Prosthodontics Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuxian Zhao
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Dawei Gao
- Applyied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No.438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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13
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Guo W, Deng L, Chen Z, Chen Z, Yu J, Liu H, Li T, Lin T, Chen H, Zhao M, Zhang L, Li G, Hu Y. Vitamin B12-conjugated sericin micelles for targeting CD320-overexpressed gastric cancer and reversing drug resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:353-370. [PMID: 30328369 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Lizhi Deng
- PCFM Lab & GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Mingli Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Liming Zhang
- PCFM Lab & GDHPPC Lab, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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14
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Zhang X, Liu F, Li X, Tian Y, Ma L, Yu C, Wei H. The fabrication of hybrid micelles with enhanced permeability for drug delivery via a diethoxymethylsilyl-based crosslinking strategy. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel reducible silica monomer, DESSPMA with diethoxysilyl groups for in situ crosslinking to give a lower crosslinking density and greater permeability than the triethoxysilyl-based TESSPMA was developed to realize enhanced therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
| | - Fangjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiaochen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yunfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Cuiyun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- University of South China
- Hengyang
- China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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15
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Sun Y, Wang H, Wang P, Zhang K, Geng X, Liu Q, Wang X. Tumor targeting DVDMS-nanoliposomes for an enhanced sonodynamic therapy of gliomas. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:985-994. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
UTMD-assisted intelligent DVDMS encapsulate iRGD-Liposomes mediate SDT with deep tumor penetration and specific targeting ability enhanced anti-glioma efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Haiping Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xiaorui Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- The Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Shaanxi Normal University
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16
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Sun L, Liu F, Wang M, Peng J, Wang Y, Ma L, Wang B, Wei H. Fabrication of biocleavable shell cross-linked hybrid micelles for controlled drug release using a reducible silica monomer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13495-13498. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported the first preparation of triblock copolymer-based biocleavable shell cross-linked (SCL) hybrid micelles using a reducible silica monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Fangjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jinlei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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