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Cheng X, Zhou J, Yue J, Wei Y, Gao C, Xie X, Huang L. Recent Development in Sensitizers for Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Luminescence. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15998-16050. [PMID: 36194772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown great potentials in life science, information technology, and energy materials. Therefore, UCL modulation is highly demanded toward expected emission wavelength, lifetime, and relative intensity in order to satisfy stringent requirements raised from a wide variety of areas. Unfortunately, the majority of efforts have been devoted to either simple codoping of multiple activators or variation of hosts, while very little attention has been paid to the critical role that sensitizers have been playing. In fact, different sensitizers possess different excitation wavelengths and different energy transfer pathways (to different activators), which will lead to different UCL features. Thus, rational design of sensitizers shall provide extra opportunities for UCL tuning, particularly from the excitation side. In this review, we specifically focus on advances in sensitizers, including the current status, working mechanisms, design principles, as well as future challenges and endeavor directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jingyi Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
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Raab M, Skripka A, Bulmahn J, Pliss A, Kuzmin A, Vetrone F, Prasad P. Decoupled Rare-Earth Nanoparticles for On-Demand Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy and High-Contrast Near Infrared Imaging in NIR IIb. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4948-4954. [PMID: 36153945 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth doped multi-shell nanoparticles slated for theranostic applications produce a variety of emission bands upon near-infrared (NIR) excitation. Their downshifting emission is useful for high-contrast NIR imaging, while the upconversion light can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT). Unfortunately, integration of imaging and therapy is challenging. These modalities are better to be controlled independently so that, with the help of imaging, selective delivery of a theranostic agent at the site of interest could be ensured prior to on-demand PDT initiation. We introduce here multi-shell rare-earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs) arranged in a manner to produce only downshifting emission for NIR imaging when excited at one NIR wavelength and upconversion emission for therapeutic action by using a different excitation wavelength. In this work, multi-shell RENPs with a surface-bound sensitizer have been synthesized for decoupled 1550 nm downshifting emission upon 800 nm excitation and 550 nm upconversion emission caused by 980 nm irradiation. The independently controlled emission bands allow for high-contrast NIR imaging in NIR-IIb of optical transparency that gives high-contrast images due to significantly reduced light scattering. This can be conducted prior to PDT using 980 nm to produce upconverted light at 550 nm that excites the RENP surface-bound photosensitizer, Rose Bengal (RB), to effect photodynamic therapy with high specificity and safer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Raab
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes (Montréal), Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Julia Bulmahn
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Andrey Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Varennes (Montréal), Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Paras Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Lv R, Raab M, Wang Y, Tian J, Lin J, Prasad PN. Nanochemistry advancing photon conversion in rare-earth nanostructures for theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ling B, Wang Y, Mi R, Wang D, Chen H, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang L. Multimodal Imaging and Synergetic Chemodynamic/Photodynamic Therapy Achieved Using an NaGdF4,Yb,Er@ NaGdF4,Yb,Tm@NaYF4@Fe-MOFs Nanocomposite. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200161. [PMID: 35485259 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here, NaGdF 4 ,Yb,Er@NaGdF 4 ,Yb,Tm@NaYF 4 core@shell@shell three-layer structure of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with Fe-Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) nanocomposite (UCNPs@MOFs) was designed and constructed for multimodal imaging and synergetic chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. The UCNPs@MOFs were successfully applied for tumor cells imaging in vitro and in vivo in near-infrared (NIR) region. The doped Gd was used as contrast agent for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of mouse tumors. The luminescence in the UV-vis region was absorbed by the Fe-MOFs to produce singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for PDT. The Fe 3+ doped in the MOFs can catalyze H 2 O 2 to produce oxygen and hydroxyl radical (•OH). Hydroxyl radical is used in CDT and cooperates with the 1 O 2 of PDT. Based on the CDT/PDT synergistic effects, the UCNPs@MOFs nanocomposite had obviously enhanced tumor inhibitory efficiency in vivo. These results described that the asprared UCNPs@MOFs nanocomposite have great potential in the effective multimodal imaging and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ling
- Anhui Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Yaguang Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Department of Anesthesia and perioperative Medicine, CHINA
| | - Ruo Mi
- Anhui Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
| | - Di Wang
- Anhui Medical University, Department of Anesthesia and perioperative Medicine, CHINA
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Anhui Normal University, college of chemistry and materials science, wuhu, 241002, wuhu, CHINA
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Anhui Medical University, Department of Radiology, CHINA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Anhui Medical University, Department of Anesthesia and perioperative Medicine, CHINA
| | - Lun Wang
- Anhui Normal University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, CHINA
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Zheng B, Fan J, Chen B, Qin X, Wang J, Wang F, Deng R, Liu X. Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5519-5603. [PMID: 34989556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impurity doping is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been extensively explored as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices since the 18th century. Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy harvesting and conversion. A better understanding of the critical role of rare-earth doping is a prerequisite for the development of an extensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for practical applications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in rare-earth doping in inorganic nanomaterials and the associated applications in many fields. This review covers the key criteria for rare-earth doping, including basic electronic structures, lattice environments, and doping strategies, as well as fundamental design principles that enhance the electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties of the material. We also discuss future research directions and challenges in controlling rare-earth doping for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jingyue Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Renren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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A Synergy Approach to Enhance Upconversion Luminescence Emission of Rare Earth Nanophosphors with Million-Fold Enhancement Factor. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln3+)–doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer an ennormous future for a broad range of biological applications over the conventional downconversion fluorescent probes such as organic dyes or quantum dots. Unfortunately, the efficiency of the anti−Stokes upconversion luminescence (UCL) process is typically much weaker than that of the Stokes downconversion emission. Albeit recent development in the synthesis of UCNPs, it is still a major challenge to produce a high−efficiency UCL, meeting the urgent need for practical applications of enhanced markers in biology. The poor quantum yield efficiency of UCL of UCNPs is mainly due to the fol-lowing reasons: (i) the low absorption coefficient of Ln3+ dopants, the specific Ln3+ used here being ytterbium (Yb3+), (ii) UCL quenching by high−energy oscillators due to surface defects, impurities, ligands, and solvent molecules, and (iii) the insufficient local excitation intensity in broad-field il-lumination to generate a highly efficient UCL. In order to tackle the problem of low absorption cross-section of Ln3+ ions, we first incorporate a new type of neodymium (Nd3+) sensitizer into UCNPs to promote their absorption cross-section at 793 nm. To minimize the UCL quenching induced by surface defects and surface ligands, the Nd3+-sensitized UCNPs are then coated with an inactive shell of NaYF4. Finally, the excitation light intensity in the vicinity of UCNPs can be greatly enhanced using a waveguide grating structure thanks to the guided mode resonance. Through the synergy of these three approaches, we show that the UCL intensity of UCNPs can be boosted by a million−fold compared with conventional Yb3+–doped UCNPs.
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7
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Lanthanides-doped near-infrared active upconversion nanocrystals: Upconversion mechanisms and synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xu L, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Sun X, Ud Din I, Khan F, Li Y, Li H, Ren J, Carvajal JJ, Zhang J, Liu L. A new role of Yb 3+-an energy reservoir for lanthanide upconversion luminescence. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9978-9988. [PMID: 34032238 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thus far, Yb3+ has usually served as a sensitizer to improve energy harvesting in lanthanide ion based luminescent materials. Herein, besides the well accepted character as a sensitizer, we revealed a new role of Yb3+, namely an energy reservoir, to improve the upconversion efficiency of several lanthanide activators. The energy cycling between lanthanide activator A3+ and energy reservoir Yb3+ is mainly responsible for the improvement. This energy cycling can facilitate energy utilization by A3+ for the generated upconversion luminescence. Specifically, this energy cycling not only alleviates the dissipation of energy produced at the intermediate level, needed to promote electrons to a higher energy level, but also provides an additional excited-state absorption route for A3+. The benefits of the proposed Yb3+ energy reservoir as well as the energy cycling mechanisms were verified using three representative activators, Nd3+, Tm3+, and Er3+. This study can open new possible avenues to exploit Yb3+ and enrich the available upconversion luminescence pathways of lanthanide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Synergistic upconversion photodynamic and photothermal therapy under cold near-infrared excitation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:513-529. [PMID: 34034118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively investigated due to their unique capabilities of upconverting near-infrared light (NIR) to visible/ultraviolet emission. However, use of conventional Yb-based UCNPs under 980 nm excitation for biomedical applications is limited due to the overheating caused by the strong light absorption by water at this wavelength. Although this could be improved by using Nd3+-Yb3+ codoped UCNPs and changing the excitation wavelength to 808 nm, the amount of Nd3+ doping is usually below 20 mol% due to the lattice strain in highly Nd-doped core-shell structures. In this study, we report Nd3+-sensitized NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaLuF4:Nd@NaLuF4 UCNPs, in which the NaLuF4 in the intermediate shell can accommodate more structural changes caused by the Nd3+ doping, and allow for high concentration of Nd3+ doping (up to 50 mol%). Due to such high Nd3+ doping in the nanostructure, the red and green upconversion emissions of as-synthesized UCNPs are significantly increased upon 808 nm excitation, which are used to activate two photosensitizer drugs, MC540 (merocyanine 540) and FePc (iron phthalocyanine), for the dual photodynamic and photothermal therapy. The results show that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 808 nm light excitation is substantially boosted due to the synergistic therapeutic effect, which significantly prohibits the growth of cancer cells. It is believed that the nanoplatform specially developed in this study can solve the overheating issue associated with the 980 nm light excitation and the combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy can significantly improve the cancer therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20044, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhou Z, Liu Y, Sun X, Xu L, Khan F, Li Y, Li L, Li H, Ren J, Zhang J, Liu L. Color tuning in a compact core-shell nanocrystal based on intense and high-purity green and red photon upconversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:900-903. [PMID: 33577543 DOI: 10.1364/ol.412376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, color-tunable photon upconversion (UC) in a single nanocrystal (NC) still suffers from cumbersome structures. Herein, we prepared a compact two-layer NC with bright and high-purity red and green UC emission upon 980 and 1530 nm excitation, respectively. The effects of trace Tm3+ doping and inert-shell coating on the UC color and intensity were discussed. In addition, the color tuning via various dual-excitation configurations and the color stability with temperature and excitation intensity were demonstrated. The proposed UC NC, featuring compact structure and high-quality color tuning, can lower the synthesis time cost and difficulty of its kind and can find wide applications in multi-channel imaging, display devices, anti-counterfeiting, and so on.
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Hong AR, Han JS, Kang G, Ko H, Jang HS. Bright Blue, Green, and Red Luminescence from Dye-Sensitized Core@Shell Upconversion Nanophosphors under 800 nm Near-Infrared Light. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5338. [PMID: 33255745 PMCID: PMC7728324 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Li-based blue- and green-emitting core@shell (C@S) upconversion nanophosphors (UCNPs) and NaGdF4-based red-emitting C@S UCNPs were synthesized, and IR-808 dyes were conjugated with the C@S UCNPs to enhance upconversion (UC) luminescence. The surface of the as-synthesized C@S UCNPs, which was originally capped with oleic acid, was modified with BF4- to conjugate the IR-808 dye having a carboxyl functional group to the surface of the UCNPs. After the conjugation with IR-808 dyes, absorbance of the UCNPs was significantly increased. As a result, dye-sensitized blue (B)-, green (G)-, and red (R)-emitting UCNPs exhibited 87-fold, 10.8-fold, and 110-fold enhanced UC luminescence compared with B-, G-, and R-emitting Nd3+-doped C@S UCNPs under 800 nm near-infrared (NIR) light excitation, respectively. Consequently, dye-sensitized UCNPs exhibiting strong UC luminescence under 800 nm NIR light excitation have high applicability in a variety of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ra Hong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.-R.H.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Joon Soo Han
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.-R.H.); (J.S.H.)
| | - Gumin Kang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (G.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyungduk Ko
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (G.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Ho Seong Jang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.-R.H.); (J.S.H.)
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Fritzen DL, Giordano L, Rodrigues LCV, Monteiro JHSK. Opportunities for Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems and Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2015. [PMID: 33066063 PMCID: PMC7600618 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of luminescence in biological systems allows us to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Persistent luminescent materials have emerged as an attractive system for application in luminescence imaging of biological systems; the afterglow emission grants background-free luminescence imaging, there is no need for continuous excitation to avoid tissue and cell damage due to the continuous light exposure, and they also circumvent the depth penetration issue caused by excitation in the UV-Vis. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging of biological systems, persistent luminescence, and synthetic methods for obtaining persistent luminescent materials, and discuss selected examples of recent literature on the applications of persistent luminescent materials in luminescence imaging of biological systems and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and future directions, pointing to the development of compounds capable of executing multiple functions and light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L. Fritzen
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Luidgi Giordano
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucas C. V. Rodrigues
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP 05508-000, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (L.G.)
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Joshi T, Mamat C, Stephan H. Contemporary Synthesis of Ultrasmall (sub-10 nm) Upconverting Nanomaterials. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:703-712. [PMID: 32547900 PMCID: PMC7290284 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique photophysical properties, upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), i. e. particles capable of converting near-infrared (NIR) photons into tunable emissions in the range of ultraviolet (UV) to NIR, have great potential for use in various biomedical fields such as bioimaging, photodynamic therapy and bioanalytical applications. As far as biomedical applications are concerned, these materials have a number of advantageous properties such as brilliant luminescence and exceptional photostability. Very small "stealth" particles (sub-10 nm), which can circulate in the body largely undetected by the immune system, are particularly important for in vivo use. The fabrication of such particles, which simultaneously have a defined (ultrasmall) size and the required optical properties, is a great challenge and an area that is in its infancy. This minireview provides a concise overview of recent developments on appropriate synthetic methodologies to produce such UCNPs. Particular attention was given to the influence of both surfactants and dopants used to precisely adjust size, crystalline phase and optical properties of UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D 01328DresdenGermany
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Monteiro JHSK. Recent Advances in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems Using Lanthanide(III) Luminescent Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E2089. [PMID: 32365719 PMCID: PMC7248892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of luminescence in biological systems allows one to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Molecular systems, particularly lanthanide(III) complexes, have emerged as an attractive system for application in cellular luminescence imaging due to their long emission lifetimes, high brightness, possibility of controlling the spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, and tailoring of the ligand structure that adds sensing and therapeutic capabilities. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging and lanthanide spectroscopy and discuss selected examples from the recent literature on lanthanide(III) luminescent complexes in cellular luminescence imaging, published in the period 2016-2020. Finally, the challenges and future directions that are pointing for the development of compounds that are capable of executing multiple functions and the use of light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption will be discussed.
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15
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Cheng S, Liu L, Yang Q, Li Y, Zeng S. In vivo optical bioimaging by using Nd-doped LaF3 luminescent nanorods in the second near-infrared window. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Fischer S, Mehlenbacher RD, Lay A, Siefe C, Alivisatos AP, Dionne JA. Small Alkaline-Earth-based Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Efficient Upconversion. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3878-3885. [PMID: 31056918 PMCID: PMC6613352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The optical efficiency of lanthanide-based upconversion is intricately related to the crystalline host lattice. Different crystal fields interacting with the electron clouds of the lanthanides can significantly affect transition probabilities between the energy levels. Here, we investigate six distinct alkaline-earth rare-earth fluoride host materials (M1- xLn xF2+x, MLnF) for infrared-to-visible upconversion, focusing on nanoparticles of CaYF, CaLuF, SrYF, SrLuF, BaYF, and BaLuF doped with Yb3+ and Er3+. We first synthesize ∼5 nm upconverting cores of each material via a thermal decomposition method. Then we introduce a dropwise hot-injection method to grow optically inert MYF shell layers around the active cores. Five distinct shell thicknesses are considered for each host material, resulting in 36 unique, monodisperse upconverting nanomaterials each with size below ∼15 nm. The upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) is measured for all core/shell nanoparticles as a function of shell thickness and compared with hexagonal (β-phase) NaGdF4, a traditional upconverting host lattice. While the UCQY of core nanoparticles is below the detection limit (<10-5%), it increases by 4 to 5 orders of magnitude as the shell thickness approaches 4-6 nm. The UCQY values of our cubic MLnF nanoparticles meet or exceed the β-NaGdF4 reference sample. Across all core/shell samples, SrLuF nanoparticles are the most efficient, with UCQY values of 0.53% at 80 W/cm2 for cubic nanoparticles with ∼11 nm edge length. This efficiency is 5 times higher than our β-NaGdF4 reference material with comparable core size and shell thickness. Our work demonstrates efficient and bright upconversion in ultrasmall alkaline-earth-based nanoparticles, with applications spanning biological imaging and optical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding Author:,
| | - Randy D. Mehlenbacher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice Lay
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris Siefe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding Author:,
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17
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Serge Correales YE, Hazra C, Ullah S, Lima LR, Ribeiro SJL. Precisely tailored shell thickness and Ln 3+ content to produce multicolor emission from Nd 3+-sensitized Gd 3+-based core/shell/shell UCNPs through bi-directional energy transfer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1936-1947. [PMID: 36134241 PMCID: PMC9418845 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln3+)-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been paid great attention as multiplexing agents due to their numerous uses in biological and clinical applications such as bioimaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to name a few. To achieve efficient multicolor emission from UCNPs under single 808 nm excitation and avoid detrimental cross-relaxations between the Ln3+ activator ions (positioned in either the core and/or shell in the core/shell), it is essential to design an adequate nanoparticle architecture. Herein, we demonstrate the tailoring of multicolor upconversion luminescence (UCL) from Nd3+-sensitized Gd3+-based core/shell/shell UCNPs with an architecture represented as NaGdF4:Tm3+(0.75)/Yb3+(40)/Ca2+(7)/Nd3+(1)@NaGdF4:Ca2+(7)/Nd3+(30)@NaGdF4:Yb3+(40)/Ca2+(7)/Nd3+(1)/Er3+(X = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7) [hereafter named CSS (Er3+ = 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 mol%)]. Such UCNPs can be excited at a single wavelength (∼808 nm) without generation of any local heat. Incorporation of substantial Nd3+-sensitizers with an appropriate concentration in the middle layer allows efficient harvesting of excitation light which migrates bi-directionally across the core/shell interfaces in sync to produce blue emission from Tm3+ (activator) ions in the core as well as green and red emission from Er3+ (activator) ions in the outermost shell. Introduction of Ca2+ lowers the local crystal field symmetry around Ln3+ ions and subsequently affects their intra 4f-4f transition probability, thus enhancing the upconversion efficiency of the UCNPs. By simple and precise control of the shell thickness along with tuning the content of Ln3+ ions in each domain, multicolor UCL can be produced, ranging from blue to white. We envision that our sub-20 nm sized Nd3+-sensitized Gd3+-based UCNPs are not only potential candidates for a variety of multiplexed biological applications (without impediment of any heating effect), but also can act as MRI contrast agents in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- York E Serge Correales
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP 14800-060 Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Chanchal Hazra
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP 14800-060 Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Sajjad Ullah
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar 25120 Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Laís R Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP 14800-060 Araraquara SP Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP 14800-060 Araraquara SP Brazil
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18
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Li M, Yang Z, Ren Y, Ruan J, Qiu J, Song Z. Reversible Modulated Upconversion Luminescence of MoO 3:Yb 3+,Er 3+ Thermochromic Phosphor for Switching Devices. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6950-6958. [PMID: 31074271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible modulation of upconversion luminescence induced by the external field stimuli exhibits potential applications in various fields, such as photoswitches, optical sensing, and optical memory devices. Herein, a new MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ thermochromic phosphor was synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method, and the reversible color modification of the MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor was obtained by alternating the sintering conditions either in a reducing atmosphere or in air. The color of the MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor changed from light-yellow to blue under sintering in the reducing atmosphere and returned back after sintering again in air. The influence of reversible thermochromism on the upconversion luminescence of MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor was investigated. The MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor prepared in air exhibited visible upconversion luminescence, while the MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor has no upconversion luminescence after sintering in the reducing atmosphere. This up-conversion luminescence modulation shows excellent reproducibility after several cycles. The thermochromic MoO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor with reversible modulated upconversion luminescence shows great potential for practical applications in optical switches and optoelectronic multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Zhengwen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Youtao Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Jiufeng Ruan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Jianbei Qiu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Zhiguo Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
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19
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Ba Z, Zheng Y, Hu M, Fu L, He Y, Wang J, Zhang Z. Tunable color emission based on the activator shell thickness of multilayer core–shell nanoparticles under double NIR excitation. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare earth luminescent nanomaterials are hot topic due to their unique fluorescence properties. Effective spectral regulation could be achieved by adjusting the coating thickness to affect the energy transfer process in core–shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Ba
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Yuansuo Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Lei Fu
- The Biomedical-information Engineering laboratory of State Ministry of Education
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Yida He
- The Biomedical-information Engineering laboratory of State Ministry of Education
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Biomedical-information Engineering laboratory of State Ministry of Education
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- The Biomedical-information Engineering laboratory of State Ministry of Education
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- China
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20
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Yu Z, Xia Y, Xing J, Li Z, Zhen J, Jin Y, Tian Y, Liu C, Jiang Z, Li J, Wu A. Y 1-receptor-ligand-functionalized ultrasmall upconversion nanoparticles for tumor-targeted trimodality imaging and photodynamic therapy with low toxicity. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17038-17052. [PMID: 29850734 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Achieving efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deeper biological tissue is still the biggest bottleneck that limits its widespread application in clinic. Although deeper biological tissue PDT could be realized through a combination of upconversion nanoparticles with a photosensitizer, issues with particle-size-induced upconversion fluorescence (UF) reduction and the related in vivo toxicity still cannot be solved properly. In this study, we synthesized Y1Rs-ligand [Pro30, Nle31, Bpa32, Leu34]NPY(28-36) (NPY)-modified and photosensitizer MC540-loaded LiLuF4:Yb,Er@nLiGdF4@mSiO2 multifunctional nanocomposites (MNPs) with a core-multishell structure and ultrasmall size. Their in vitro and in vivo breast tumor targeting, trimodality imaging performance, PDT therapeutic efficacy, and acute toxicity were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the core-multishell MNPs(MC540) could achieve excellent UF imaging, and that doping with Gd3+ and Lu3+ rare earth ions could enhance the MR and CT imaging performance. In addition, the mSiO2 shell provided a higher loading rate for the photosensitizer MC540, and the DSPE-PEG thin layer coating outside the MNPs(MC540) further improved the water solubility and biocompatibility, reducing the acute toxicity of the nanocomposites. Finally, the NPY modification enhanced the targetability of MNPs(MC540)/DSPE-PEG-NPY to breast tumors, improving the trimodality UF, CT, and MR imaging performance and PDT efficacy for Y1-receptor-overexpressed breast cancer. In general, our developed multifunctional nanocomposites can serve as a theranostic agent with low toxicity, providing great potential for their use in clinical breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, and Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
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21
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Li Q, Li X, Zhang L, Zuo J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Tu L, Xue B, Chang Y, Kong X. An 800 nm driven NaErF 4@NaLuF 4 upconversion platform for multimodality imaging and photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12356-12363. [PMID: 29694473 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodality imaging-guided therapy based on lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has become a trend in cancer theranostics. However, the overheating effect of 980 nm excitation in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the difficulties in optimizing multimodality imaging integration within a single particle are still challenges. Herein, 800 nm driven NaErF4@NaLuF4 UCNPs have been explored for optimized multimodality imaging and near-infrared (NIR) triggered PDT. Our results confirmed that the optimal ∼5 nm shell thickness can well balance the enhancement of upconversion luminescence and the attenuation of energy transfer efficiency from Er3+ towards a photosensitizer, to achieve efficient production of singlet oxygen (1O2) for PDT under 800 nm excitation. Furthermore, the as-obtained NaErF4@NaLuF4 UCNPs showed effective and applicable performance for upconversion luminescence (UCL) imaging, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and high-field T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This nanomaterial can serve as an excellent theranostic agent for multimodality imaging and image-guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.
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22
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Wen S, Zhou J, Zheng K, Bednarkiewicz A, Liu X, Jin D. Advances in highly doped upconversion nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2415. [PMID: 29925838 PMCID: PMC6010470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are capable of converting near-infra-red excitation into visible and ultraviolet emission. Their unique optical properties have advanced a broad range of applications, such as fluorescent microscopy, deep-tissue bioimaging, nanomedicine, optogenetics, security labelling and volumetric display. However, the constraint of concentration quenching on upconversion luminescence has hampered the nanoscience community to develop bright UCNPs with a large number of dopants. This review surveys recent advances in developing highly doped UCNPs, highlights the strategies that bypass the concentration quenching effect, and discusses new optical properties as well as emerging applications enabled by these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kezhi Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Wroclaw Research Center, EIT+, Stablowicka 147, 54-066, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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23
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Ruan J, Yang Z, Huang A, Zhang H, Qiu J, Song Z. Thermomchromic Reaction-Induced Reversible Upconversion Emission Modulation for Switching Devices and Tunable Upconversion Emission Based on Defect Engineering of WO 3:Yb 3+,Er 3+ Phosphor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14941-14947. [PMID: 29620845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reversible luminescence modulation of upconversion phosphors has the potential applications as photoswitches and optical memory and data storage devices. Previously, the photochromic reaction was extensively used for the realization of reversible luminescence modulation. It is very necessary to develop other approaches such as thermomchromic reaction to obtain the reversible upconversion luminescence modulation. In this work, the WO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors with various colors were prepared at various temperatures, exhibiting tunable upconversion luminescence attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies in the host. Upon heat treatment in the reducing atmosphere or air, the WO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors show a reversible thermomchromic property. The reversible upconversion luminescence modulation of WO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors was observed based on thermomchromic reaction. Additionally, the upconversion luminescence modulation is maintained after several cycles, indicating its excellent stability. The WO3:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphors with reversible upconversion luminescence and excellent reproducibility have potential applications as the photoswitches and optical memory and data storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Ruan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Zhengwen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Anjun Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Jianbei Qiu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
| | - Zhiguo Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650093 , China
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24
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Chen X, Zhang X, Xia LY, Wang HY, Chen Z, Wu FG. One-Step Synthesis of Ultrasmall and Ultrabright Organosilica Nanodots with 100% Photoluminescence Quantum Yield: Long-Term Lysosome Imaging in Living, Fixed, and Permeabilized Cells. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1159-1167. [PMID: 29368935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-dispersible nanomaterials with superbright photoluminescence (PL) emissions and narrow PL bandwidths are urgently desired for various imaging applications. Herein, for the first time, we prepared ultrasmall organosilica nanodots (OSiNDs) with an average size of ∼2.0 nm and ∼100% green-emitting PL quantum efficiency via a one-step hydrothermal treatment of two commercial reagents (a silane molecule and rose bengal). In particular, the structural reorganization and halide loss of rose bengal during the hydrothermal treatment contribute to the ultrahigh quantum yield and low phototoxicity of OSiNDs. Owing to their low pH-induced precipitation/aggregation property, the as-prepared OSiNDs can be used as excellent lysosomal trackers with many advantages: (1) They have superior lysosomal targeting ability with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.98; (2) The lysosomal monitoring time of OSiNDs is up to 48 h, which is much longer than those of commercial lysosomal trackers (<2 h); (3) They do not disturb the pH environment of lysosomes and can be used to visualize lysosomes in living, fixed, and permeabilized cells; (4) They exhibit intrinsic lysosomal tracking ability without the introduction of lysosome-targeting ligands (such as morpholine) and superior photostability; (5) The easy, cost-effective, and scalable synthetic method further ensures that these OSiNDs can be readily used as exceptional lysosomal trackers. We expect that the ultrasmall OSiNDs with superior fluorescence properties and easily modifiable surfaces could be applied as fluorescent nanoprobes, light-emitting diode phosphor, and anticounterfeiting material, which should be able to promote the preparation and application of silicon-containing nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hong-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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25
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Hesse J, Klier DT, Sgarzi M, Nsubuga A, Bauer C, Grenzer J, Hübner R, Wislicenus M, Joshi T, Kumke MU, Stephan H. Rapid Synthesis of Sub-10 nm Hexagonal NaYF 4-Based Upconverting Nanoparticles using Therminol ® 66. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:159-168. [PMID: 29435401 PMCID: PMC5792831 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a simple one-pot method for the rapid preparation of sub-10 nm pure hexagonal (β-phase) NaYF4-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Using Therminol® 66 as a co-solvent, monodisperse UCNPs could be obtained in unusually short reaction times. By varying the reaction time and reaction temperature, it was possible to control precisely the particle size and crystalline phase of the UCNPs. The upconversion (UC) luminescence properties of the nanocrystals were tuned by varying the concentrations of the dopants (Nd3+ and Yb3+ sensitizer ions and Er3+ activator ions). The size and phase-purity of the as-synthesized core and core-shell nanocrystals were assessed by using complementary transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and small-angle X-ray scattering studies. In-depth photophysical evaluation of the UCNPs was pursued by using steady-state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. An enhancement in the UC intensity was observed if the nanocrystals, doped with optimized concentrations of lanthanide sensitizer/activator ions, were further coated with an inert/active shell. This was attributed to the suppression of surface-related luminescence quenching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Dennis T. Klier
- Institute of Chemistry (Physical Chemistry)University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Massimo Sgarzi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Anne Nsubuga
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 66b01062DresdenGermany
| | - Jörg Grenzer
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Marcus Wislicenus
- Center Nanoelectronic TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Photonic MicrosystemsKönigsbrücker Straße 17801099DresdenGermany
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Michael U. Kumke
- Institute of Chemistry (Physical Chemistry)University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
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26
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Sun T, Ai F, Zhu G, Wang F. Upconversion in Nanostructured Materials: From Optical Tuning to Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:373-385. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Sun
- Department Materials Science and Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong SAR China
- City Universities of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Fujin Ai
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong SAR China
- City Universities of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong SAR China
- City Universities of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department Materials Science and Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong SAR China
- City Universities of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen 518057 China
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27
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu X, Huang J, Lu Z, Qiu D. One-step synthesis and upconversion luminescence properties of hierarchical In2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ nanorod flowers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In2O3:Yb3+,Er3+ nanorod flowers (NRFs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method, where sucrose was used as a ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
| | - Zhiwen Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
| | - Dongfang Qiu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- China
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