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Sancho-Albero M, Sebastian V, Perez-Lopez AM, Martin-Duque P, Unciti-Broceta A, Santamaria J. Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Bio-Orthogonal Catalysis in Growing Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38667306 PMCID: PMC11048864 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the successful use of bio-orthogonal catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer therapy. However, the delivery of the catalysts to the target tissues in vivo remains an unsolved challenge. The combination of catalytic NPs with extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been proposed as a promising approach to improve the delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials to the desired organs. In this study, we have developed a nanoscale bio-hybrid vector using a CO-mediated reduction at low temperature to generate ultrathin catalytic Pd nanosheets (PdNSs) as catalysts directly inside cancer-derived EVs. We have also compared their biodistribution with that of PEGylated PdNSs delivered by the EPR effect. Our results indicate that the accumulation of PdNSs in the tumour tissue was significantly higher when they were administered within the EVs compared to the PEGylated PdNSs. Conversely, the amount of Pd found in non-target organs (i.e., liver) was lowered. Once the Pd-based catalytic EVs were accumulated in the tumours, they enabled the activation of a paclitaxel prodrug demonstrating their ability to carry out bio-orthogonal uncaging chemistries in vivo for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Perez-Lopez
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (A.M.P.-L.); (A.U.-B.)
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (A.M.P.-L.); (A.U.-B.)
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Tian L, Martine E, Yu X, Hu W. Amine-Anchored Aromatic Self-Assembled Monolayer Junction: Structure and Electric Transport Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12223-12233. [PMID: 34606290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure and transport properties of aromatic amine self-assembled monolayers (NH2-SAMs) on an Au surface. The oligophenylene and oligoacene amines with variable lengths can form a densely packed and uniform monolayer under proper assembly conditions. Molecular junctions incorporating an eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) top electrode were used to characterize the charge transport properties of the amine monolayer. The current density J of the junction decreases exponentially with the molecular length (d), as J = J0 exp(-βd), which is a sign of tunneling transport, with indistinguishable values of J0 and β for NH2-SAMs of oligophenylene and oligoacene, indicating a similar molecule-electrode contact and tunneling barrier for two groups of molecules. Compared with the oligophenylene and oligoacene molecules with thiol (SH) as the anchor group, a similar β value (∼0.35 Å-1) of the aromatic NH2-SAM suggests a similar tunneling barrier, while a lower (by 2 orders of magnitude) injection current J0 is attributed to lower electronic coupling Γ of the amine group with the electrode. These observations are further supported by single-level tunneling model fitting. Our study here demonstrates the NH2-SAMs can work as an effective active layer for molecular junctions, and provide key physical parameters for the charge transport, paving the road for their applications in functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Esther Martine
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Gorenskaia E, Turner KL, Martín S, Cea P, Low PJ. Fabrication of metallic and non-metallic top electrodes for large-area molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9055-9074. [PMID: 34042128 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions have proven invaluable tools through which to explore the electronic properties of molecules and molecular monolayers. In seeking to develop a viable molecular electronics based technology it becomes essential to be able to reliably create larger area molecular junctions by contacting molecular monolayers to both bottom and top electrodes. The assembly of monolayers onto a conducting substrate by self-assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett and other methods is well established. However, the deposition of top-contact electrodes without film penetration or damage from the growing electrode material has proven problematic. This Review highlights the challenges of this area, and presents a selective overview of methods that have been used to solve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kelly L Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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4
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Sebastian V, Sancho-Albero M, Arruebo M, Pérez-López AM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Martin-Duque P, Unciti-Broceta A, Santamaría J. Nondestructive production of exosomes loaded with ultrathin palladium nanosheets for targeted bio-orthogonal catalysis. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:131-163. [PMID: 33247282 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of exosomes as selective delivery vehicles of therapeutic agents, such as drugs or hyperthermia-capable nanoparticles, is being intensely investigated on account of their preferential tropism toward their parental cells. However, the methods used to introduce a therapeutic load inside exosomes often involve disruption of their membrane, which may jeopardize their targeting capabilities, attributed to their surface integrins. On the other hand, in recent years bio-orthogonal catalysis has emerged as a new tool with a myriad of potential applications in medicine. These bio-orthogonal processes, often based on Pd-catalyzed chemistry, would benefit from systems capable of delivering the catalyst to target cells. It is therefore highly attractive to combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the bio-orthogonal potential of Pd nanoparticles to create new therapeutic vectors. In this protocol, we provide detailed information on an efficient procedure to achieve a high load of catalytically active Pd nanosheets inside exosomes, without disrupting their membranes. The protocol involves a multistage process in which exosomes are first harvested, subjected to impregnation with a Pd salt precursor followed by a mild reduction process using gas-phase CO, which acts as both a reducing and growth-directing agent to produce the desired nanosheets. The technology is scalable, and the protocol can be conducted by any researcher having basic biology and chemistry skills in ~3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-López
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institut für Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO) and Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-Fundación Araid/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Pérez-López AM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Valero T, Contreras-Montoya R, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Sebastián V, Santamaría J, Unciti-Broceta A. Bioorthogonal Uncaging of Cytotoxic Paclitaxel through Pd Nanosheet-Hydrogel Frameworks. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9650-9659. [PMID: 32787091 PMCID: PMC7497487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising potential of bioorthogonal catalysis in biomedicine is inspiring incremental efforts to design strategies that regulate drug activity in living systems. To achieve this, it is not only essential to develop customized inactive prodrugs and biocompatible metal catalysts but also the right physical environment for them to interact and enable drug production under spatial and/or temporal control. Toward this goal, here, we report the first inactive precursor of the potent broad-spectrum anticancer drug paclitaxel (a.k.a. Taxol) that is stable in cell culture and labile to Pd catalysts. This new prodrug is effectively uncaged in cancer cell culture by Pd nanosheets captured within agarose and alginate hydrogels, providing a biodegradable catalytic framework to achieve controlled release of one of the most important chemotherapy drugs in medical practice. The compatibility of bioorthogonal catalysis and physical hydrogels opens up new opportunities to administer and modulate the mobility of transition metal catalysts in living environs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Pérez-López
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology; Instituto de
Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-
BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology; Instituto de
Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-
BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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6
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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7
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Eraghi Kazzaz A, Fatehi P. Interaction of synthetic and lignin-based sulfonated polymers with hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and charged self-assembled monolayers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36778-36793. [PMID: 35517948 PMCID: PMC9057052 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to understand the role of polymer structure on its interaction with surfaces to produce effective functional surfaces. In this work, we produced two anionic polymers of lignin-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (L-S) and poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate)-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate (PVA-S) with similar charge densities and molecular weights. On the gold-coated surface, we deposited self-assembled monolayers (SAM) bearing different terminal moieties namely, hydroxyl, carboxyl, methyl, and amine groups of alkanethiols. This study highlighted the difference between the interaction of L-S and PVA-S and functionalized self-assembled surfaces. The information was generated using advanced tools, such as an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), which facilitated the correlation development between polymer properties and deposition performance on the functionalized surfaces. The higher deposition of PVA-S than L-S onto OH and COOH surfaces was observed due to its greater hydrogen bonding development and higher solubility. The solubility and structure of PVA-S were also beneficial for its higher adsorption than L-S onto CH3 and NH2 surfaces. However, the variation in pH, temperature, and salt significantly affected the adsorption of the macromolecules. The interaction mechanism of synthetic and lignin based sulfonated materials with well-designed functional surfaces was investigated systematically.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Eraghi Kazzaz
- Biorefining Research Institute
- Green Processes Research Centre
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute
- Green Processes Research Centre
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
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8
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Sancho-Albero M, Rubio-Ruiz B, Pérez-López AM, Sebastián V, Martín-Duque P, Arruebo M, Santamaría J, Unciti-Broceta A. Cancer-derived exosomes loaded with ultrathin palladium nanosheets for targeted bioorthogonal catalysis. Nat Catal 2019; 2:864-872. [PMID: 31620674 PMCID: PMC6795537 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The transformational impact of bioorthogonal chemistries has inspired new strategies for the in vivo synthesis of bioactive agents through non-natural means. Among these, palladium (Pd) catalysts have played a prominent role in the growing subfield of bioorthogonal catalysis by producing xenobiotics and uncaging biomolecules in living systems. However, delivering catalysts selectively to specific cell types still lags behind catalyst development. Here we have developed a bio-artificial device consisting of cancer-derived exosomes loaded with Pd catalysts by a method that enables the controlled assembly of Pd nanosheets directly inside the vesicles. This hybrid system mediates Pd-triggered dealkylation reactions in vitro and inside cells and displays preferential tropism for their progenitor cells. The use of Trojan exosomes to deliver abiotic catalysts into designated cancer cells creates the opportunity for a new targeted therapy modality: exosome-directed catalyst prodrug therapy, whose first steps are presented herein with the cell-specific release of the anticancer drug panobinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho-Albero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ana M. Pérez-López
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín-Duque
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud//Fundación Araid//IIS Aragón. Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón, Avda San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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9
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She Z, Yao Z, Ménard H, Tobish S, Lahaye D, Champness NR, Buck M. Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13773-13782. [PMID: 31305824 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for the generation of bimetallic nanoparticles is presented which combines electrodeposition of one type of metal, coordinated to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with another metal deposited from the bulk electrolyte. In this way PdCu nanoparticles are generated by initial complexation of Pd2+ to a SAM of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol (PyP3) on Au/mica and subsequent reduction in an acidic aqueous CuSO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of Cu deposition is triggered by Pd reduction. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that layers of connected particles are formed with an average thickness of less than 3 nm and lateral dimensions of particles in the range of 2 to 5 nm. In X-ray photoelectron spectra a range of binding energies for the Pd 3d signal is observed whereas the Cu 2p signal appears at a single binding energy, even though chemically different Cu species are present: normal and more noble Cu. Up to three components are seen in the N 1s signal, one originating from protonated pyridine moieties, the others reflecting the SAM-metal interaction. It is suggested that the coordination controlled electrodeposition yields layers of particles composed of a Pd core and a Cu shell with a transition region of a PdCu alloy. Deposited on top of the PyP3 SAM, the PdCu particles exhibit weak adhesion which is exploited for patterning by selective removal of particles employing scanning probe techniques. The potential for patterning down to the sub-10 nm scale is demonstrated. Harnessing the deposition contrast between native and PdCu loaded PyP3 SAMs, structures thus created can be developed into patterned continuous layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe She
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Hervé Ménard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Sven Tobish
- Drochaid Research Services, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dorothée Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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