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Alaya Y, Souissi R, Toumi M, Madani M, El Mir L, Bouguila N, Alaya S. Annealing effect on the physical properties of TiO 2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21852-21860. [PMID: 37475757 PMCID: PMC10354590 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at 350 °C using the spray pyrolysis technique. As deposited and annealed thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and photodetection. Unlike the as deposited samples which were amorphous, annealed samples show an anatase phase. Films were absorbent in the UV region and the band gap energy decreases from 3.78 eV to 3.4 eV with annealing. The photoresponse of TiO2 photodetectors was recorded under UV (λ1 = 365 nm, λ2 = 254 nm) and visible light illumination by reversible switching (ON/OFF) cycles using DC electrical characterization. Photosensitive properties such as reproducible photosensitivity, responsivity, and detectivity were also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alaya
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - R Souissi
- Carthage University, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Molécules et Applications IPEST BP 51, La Marsa 2070, Tunis Tunisia
| | - M Toumi
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - M Madani
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - L El Mir
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - N Bouguila
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - S Alaya
- Gabès University, Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Nanomatériaux Appliquée à l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Gabès Cité Erriadh, Zrig 6072 Gabès Tunisia
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Polypyrrole Film Deposited-TiO2 Nanorod Arrays for High Performance Ultraviolet Photodetectors. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-based ultraviolet photodetectors have drawn great attention and are intensively explored. However, the construction of TiO2-based nanocomposites with excellent ultraviolet responses remains challenging. Herein, a TiO2 nanorod array was successfully prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass by a one-step hydrothermal method. Then, polypyrrole (PPy)-TiO2 nanorod array composites were designed via subsequent in situ oxidative polymerization. The morphologies, structures, and photocurrent responses of the nanocomposites were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that polypyrrole-TiO2 exhibited a stronger photocurrent response than pure TiO2 due to the p-n junction formed between n-type TiO2 nanorod arrays and p-type polypyrrole. The PPy-TiO2 composite obtained by deposition three times had the best photoelectric properties, exhibiting good performance with a sensitivity of 41.7 and responsivity of 3.5 × 10−3 A/W. Finally, the mechanism of the photoelectrical response of PPy-TiO2 composites was discussed, guiding the design of high-performance TiO2-based ultraviolet photodetectors.
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Ezhilmaran B, Dhanasekar M, Bhat SV. Solution processed transparent anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles/MoO 3 nanostructures heterojunction: high performance self-powered UV detector for low-power and low-light applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1047-1056. [PMID: 36133282 PMCID: PMC9419760 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are considered as the major players in energy saving technology of the future. Efforts are needed to further develop such devices, which are capable of operating efficiently at low driving potential as well as with weak illumination. Herein, we report an all-oxide, highly transparent TiO2/MoO3 bilayer film, with nanoparticulate anatase TiO2 as the platform, fabricated by a simple solution based method and demonstrate its use in UV photodetection. Photoconductivity measurement with 352 nm light reveals the self-powered UV detection capability of the device due to the built-in potential at the bilayer interface. The device exhibits a high photoresponsivity (46.05 A W-1), detectivity (2.84 × 1012 Jones) and EQE (16 223%) even with a weak illumination of 76 μW cm-2, at a low bias of only -1 V. The self-powered performance of the bilayer device is comparable to that of commercial Si photodetectors as well as other such UV detectors reported based on metal oxide heterojunctions. The improved and faster photoresponse shown by the device is due to the formation of an effective heterojunction, as evidenced by XPS, electrochemical and I-V studies. It can be further attributed to the better charge transport through the densely aligned nanostructures, reduced recombination and the better mobility of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The performance is best-in-class and proves the potential of the transparent heterojunction to be used in highly responsive, self-powered UV detectors for low bias, low light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Ezhilmaran
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
| | - M Dhanasekar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
| | - S Venkataprasad Bhat
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Kancheepuram-603203 India
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Liu D, Yu BB, Liao M, Jin Z, Zhou L, Zhang X, Wang F, He H, Gatti T, He Z. Self-Powered and Broadband Lead-Free Inorganic Perovskite Photodetector with High Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30530-30537. [PMID: 32527083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite materials have opened up a great opportunity for high-performance optoelectronic devices owing to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. More than lead halide ones, stable and nontoxic bismuth halide perovskites exhibit more promise in their future commercialization. In this work, we developed for the first time photodetectors based on full-inorganic Cs3Bi2I9-xBrx perovskites and modulate their performance by varying x in the composition systematically. Among those self-powered photodetectors, those based on Cs3Bi2I6Br3 shows the best performance with excellent photosensitivity of 4.1 × 104 at zero bias as well as the responsivity and detectivity reaching 15 mA/W and 4.6 × 1011 Jones, respectively. More strikingly, the full-inorganic perovskite photodetectors exhibit excellent stability in the ambient environment and can maintain over 96% of the initial value after 100 days owing to the high stability of the core perovskite film. The paper definitely paves an alternative and promising strategy for the design of future commercial photodetectors that are self-powered, stable, nontoxic, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- College of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin-Bin Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuxing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- College of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongtao He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Teresa Gatti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zhubing He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Kalb J, Weller F, Irmler L, Knittel V, Graus P, Boneberg J, Schmidt-Mende L. Position-controlled laser-induced creation of rutile TiO 2 nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335302. [PMID: 30986780 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For potential applications of nanostructures, control over their position is important. In this report, we introduce two continuous wave laser-based lithography techniques which allow texturing thin TiO2 films to create a fine rutile TiO2 structure on silicon via spatially confined oxidation or a solid-liquid-solid phase transition, for initial layers, we use titanium and anatase TiO2, respectively. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 532 nm is employed for the lithography process and the samples are characterized with scanning electron microscopy. The local orientation of the created rutile crystals is determined by the spatial orientation of hydrothermally grown rutile TiO2 nanorods. Depending on the technique, we obtain either randomly aligned or highly ordered nanorod ensembles. An additional chemically inert SiO2 cover layer suppresses the chemical and electronic surface properties of TiO2 and is removed locally with the laser treatment. Hence, the resulting texture provides a specific topography and crystal structure as well as a high contrast of surface properties on a nanoscale, including the position-controlled growth of TiO2 nanorods.
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Kalb J, Knittel V, Schmidt-Mende L. Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO 2 nanorods. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:412-418. [PMID: 30800580 PMCID: PMC6369993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the position-controlled hydrothermal growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods using a new scanning probe lithography method in which a silicon tip, commonly used for atomic force microscopy, was pulled across an anatase TiO2 film. This process scratches the film causing tiny anatase TiO2 nanoparticles to form on the surface. According to previous reports, these anatase particles convert into rutile nanocrystals and provide the growth of rutile TiO2 nanorods in well-defined areas. Due to the small tip radius, the resolution of this method is excellent and the method is quite inexpensive compared to electron-beam lithography and similar methods providing a position-controlled growth of semiconducting TiO2 nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kalb
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Knittel
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Zhang D, Liu C, Li K, Chen Y, Ruan S, Zhang X, Li C. Facilitated extrinsic majority carrier depletion and photogenerated exciton dissociation in an annealing-free ZnO:C photodetector. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:6459-6466. [PMID: 29565440 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Applications of ZnO in photodetectors are limited by the great quantity of extrinsic majority carriers due to structural defects and difficult exciton dissociation due to the large exciton binding energy; these generally lead to a higher dark current (Id) and lower light current (Il), severely degrading the responsivity and detectivity. C dots are incorporated into an annealing-free ZnO layer to innovatively construct a local built-in electric field (Ebi) using the difference in the work functions; this simultaneously overcomes the drawbacks of the pristine ZnO photosensitive layer. In dark, the extrinsic majority carrier of ZnO is depleted around the incorporated C dots due to the self-depleting effect; thus, the Id decreases. Under UV illumination, the photogenerated exciton driven by the local Ebi is easily dissociated into a free charge carrier, contributing to the improved Il. This study paves a universal way to effectively improve the detection characteristics of photoconductive devices by incorporating the local Ebi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Kanzhe Li
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Ruan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xindong Zhang
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuannan Li
- College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Cao Y, Xing Z, Hu M, Li Z, Wu X, Zhao T, Xiu Z, Yang S, Zhou W. Mesoporous black N-TiO2−x hollow spheres as efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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