1
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Pu Y, Wang M, Tian W, Ge X, Zhu D, Wang C, Zeng Y, Tao F, Deng Y, Lu J. N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [2 + 3] annulation reaction for the synthesis of trifluoroethyl 3,2'-spirooxindole γ-lactam. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18453-18458. [PMID: 38860250 PMCID: PMC11163332 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalytic processes promoted by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) hold great potential for the sustainable preparation of chiral molecules. However, catalyzing the reactions by manipulating the reactive intermediates is challenging. We report herein that the known NHC-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation reaction between ketimine and enal can also be turned into a [2 + 3] annulation reaction for the highly enantioselective direct synthesis of trifluoroethyl 3,2'-spirooxindole γ-lactams (4) through timely catalysis of the intermediates. DFT calculations revealed that this transformation included the key step of the nucleophilic attack of the Breslow intermediate M2 derived from NHC and enal (2) to the unattacked ketimine (1). Our study demonstrates that it is possible to tune the desired selectivities through the dynamic catalysts of the reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong Province 515000 China
| | - Wanrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Xian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Dikai Zhu
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Yingjie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Feiyan Tao
- Research and Development Centre, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
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2
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Li MM, Chen X, Deng Y, Lu J. Recent advances of N-heterocyclic carbenes in the applications of constructing carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks with potential biological activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38060-38078. [PMID: 35498096 PMCID: PMC9044055 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have established themselves as a masterful and promising type of organocatalyst for the speedy construction of medicinally and biologically significant molecules from common and accessible small molecules. In particular, various cyclic scaffolds, including carbocycles and heterocycles, have been synthesized using NHCs via cycloaddition reaction. An exhaustive review focused on the chemistry of NHCs in these cyclic molecules has yet to be reported. In this contribution, a general picture of the utilization of NHCs in constructing twelve kinds of bioactive cyclic skeletons is firstly presented. We provide a systematic and comprehensive overview from the perspective of cycloaddition reactions; moreover, the limitations, challenges, and future prospects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education Shenzhen 518000 China
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3
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Yang Z, He H, Tian R, Wu R, Hu S, Wu Y, Zhou H. A zinc/PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of N-tosyl imines with 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7460-7469. [PMID: 34612364 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Zn-PyBisulidine catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles has been developed. Various quaternary substituted 3-acyloxy-2-oxindoles bearing vicinal amino alcohol motifs were obtained in good to excellent yields with moderate to excellent dr and excellent enantioselectivities. The utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the easy removal of the acyl group to give C3-hydroxy derivatives and their application as a key skeleton of the ligand for the Ni-catalyzed enantioselective Henry reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Yang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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4
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Ghosh A, Barik S, Barik S, Shee S, Biju AT. Oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis for the rapid access to functionalized pyrrolo-oxazinones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Pavithra T, Devi ES, Maheswari CU. Recent Advances in N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Formation of Heterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pavithra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
| | - E. Sankari Devi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
| | - C. Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
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6
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Ghosh A, Shee S, Barik S, Gonnade RG, Biju AT. Enantioselective Synthesis of 5,6-Dihydroindolizines by N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Core-Structure-Inspired Strategy of Azolium-Enolate Cascade. Org Lett 2021; 23:5223-5228. [PMID: 34160226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The core-structure motivated design has allowed the enantioselective synthesis of 5,6-dihydroindolizines via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. The NHC-catalyzed reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with the suitably substituted pyrrole derivatives proceed via the initial generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums from enals, and enolates from pyrroles and the reaction culminated in an efficient cascade process involving the Michael-aldol-lactonization-decarboxylation sequence to afford the products in reasonable yields and high selectivities. The method is further extended to the construction of spirocyclic 5,6-dihydroindolizines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sayan Shee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Shilpa Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Centre for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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7
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Ghosh A, Biju AT. Revealing the Similarities of α,β-Unsaturated Iminiums and Acylazoliums in Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13712-13724. [PMID: 33205860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The secondary amine-catalyzed reactions proceeding via α,β-unsaturated iminiums and the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed transformations taking place via α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums are the two widely used electrophilic intermediates in organocatalysis. Over the last two decades, these two intermediates are extensively utilized for the enantioselective construction of valuable molecules. Both intermediates are generated by the covalent binding of catalysts to the substrates leading to LUMO activation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. A variety of soft nucleophiles are known to add to the α,β-unsaturated iminiums and acylazoliums in a conjugate fashion, and in many cases, striking similarity in reactivity has been observed. Having said this, there are few cases where these intermediates exhibit difference in reactivity. This Minireview is aimed at highlighting the resemblances in reactivity between α,β-unsaturated iminiums and acylazoliums thereby shedding light on the unnoticed parallels of the two intermediates in organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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8
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Ghosh A, Biju AT. Revealing the Similarities of α,β‐Unsaturated Iminiums and Acylazoliums in Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Gou C, Li Q, Dai Q, Leng H, Li J. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐Furanyl Spirooxindoles via [3+2] Annulations of 3‐Hydroxyoxindoles and Cyclic Ketolactams. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian‐Wei Huang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Gou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Song Dai
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai‐Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
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11
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Hosseinzadeh E, Heydari A. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] annulation of dioxindoles and enals: mechanism, role of NHC, role of a mixture of bases with different strength, and origin of stereoselectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28269-28276. [PMID: 33295368 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, in-depth understanding of the mechanism of oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions in the presence of a mild oxidant and the structure of key radical intermediates have been considered as an important challenge in organic chemistry. Furthermore, the role of using a mixture of bases with different strengths is unclear in NHC-catalyzed reactions. In this paper, the detailed competing oxidative mechanisms, origin of stereoselectivity, and role of the NHC-organocatalyst in the NHC-catalyzed reactions of dioxindoles with enals were studied using the density functional theory method. In addition, the roles of newly produced Brønsted acids of the applied bases, i.e.DBU·H+ and DABCO·H+, are examined. The computational results indicated that the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by nitrobenzene (NB) occurs first through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway from the Breslow intermediate, and then it is oxidized into acyl azolium by single electron transfer (SET). We found that the energy barrier of the proton transfer processes is remarkably reduced by the conjugated Brønsted acid of the weaker base in the solution. Further, the calculated results revealed that the NHC catalyst has different behavior before and after the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate in these reactions. Before oxidation, the nucleophilicity of R1 increased by adding R1 to NHC, while, after the oxidation process, the electrophilicity of R1 increases, and as a result the product of oxidation, α, β unsaturated acyl azolium, acts as an electrophile. This mechanistic study paves the way for the rational design of oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Chen KQ, Sheng H, Liu Q, Shao PL, Chen XY. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical reactions. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Sharique M, Tambar UK. N-Heterocyclic carbene based catalytic platform for Hauser-Kraus annulations. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7239-7243. [PMID: 34123009 PMCID: PMC8159274 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03116j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The venerable Hauser–Kraus annulation is an effective and convergent method for generating oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds. Despite its application in complex molecule synthesis, the harsh and strongly basic conditions can limit its utility in more functionalized molecular settings. We have developed the first catalytic Hauser–Kraus annulation based on N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis that proceeds under milder conditions. We demonstrate the scope of the transformation in the presence of several functional groups. We also propose a concerted mechanism for the annulation that proceeds through a non-canonical Breslow intermediate. The venerable Hauser–Kraus annulation is an effective and convergent method for generating oxygenated polycyclic aromatic compounds. A catalytic Hauser–Kraus annulation has been developed based on N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharique
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas Texas 75390-9038 USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas Texas 75390-9038 USA
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14
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Chen XY, Gao ZH, Ye S. Bifunctional N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Derived from l-Pyroglutamic Acid and Their Applications in Enantioselective Organocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:690-702. [PMID: 32142245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In nature, enzymes are a powerful medium for the construction of enantiomerically pure chemicals, which always inspires synthetic chemists to explore new catalysts to imitate the enzyme machinery for asymmetric transformations. Vitamin B1, a bifunctional thiazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor, is the coenzyme for transketolase. In the past two decades, a series of chiral NHCs, including monocyclic, bicyclic, tetracyclic, and even bridged ones, have been synthesized and successfully utilized as efficient organocatalysts for a wide variety of asymmetric organic reactions. The utility of bifunctional catalysts can enhance catalytic activity and improve stereochemical control through their synchronous activation of both reaction partners. However, the NHCs possessing multiple activation sites are far less developed.This Account gives an overview of our research on the design, development, and applications of bifunctional NHCs in organocatalysis. We synthesized a series of l-pyroglutamic acid-derived bifunctional NHCs bearing a free hydroxyl group which can interact with carbonyl or imino groups via hydrogen-bonding. Further studies revealed that these bifunctional catalysts worked well for a variety of reactions. We have developed bifunctional NHC-catalyzed aza-benzoin reactions, [2 + 2], [2 + 3], and [2 + 4] cycloadditions of ketenes, [3 + 2] and [3 + 4] annulations of enals, and aza-MBH and Rauhut-Currier reactions of Michael acceptors. In addition to these reactions via nucleophilic Breslow intermediates, enolates, homoenolates, and zwitterionic azolium intermediates, the bifunctional NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation via 1,3-biselectrophilic α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates was also developed.In these reactions, bifunctional NHCs showed amazing effects compared to normal nonbifunctional NHCs. In some cases, the bifunctional NHCs facilitated reactions which did not work under normal NHC catalysis, possibly due to additional activation via H-bonding. More interestingly, the bifunctional NHCs could not only improve but also switch the enantioselectivity to get products with opposite stereochemistry through H-bond controlled stereochemical directing. Furthermore, the reaction mode could be totally changed from [3 + 2] to [3 + 4] annulation to give kinetically favored products when bifunctional NHCs were employed. In future, the applications of bifunctional NHCs in other challenging reactions, such as asymmetric reactions with carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds, and the reactions involving alkyl or heteroatom radicals will be the major focus in our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Song Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
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15
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Ghosh A, Barik S, Biju AT. NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of Thioamides and Modified Enals for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Thiazinones. Org Lett 2019; 21:8598-8602. [PMID: 31618035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of thioamides with modified enals allowing the enantioselective synthesis of functionalized 1,3-thiazin-4-ones is reported. The NHC generated from the chiral triazolium salt was optimal and the reaction is initiated by the thia-Michael addition to catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates derived from 2-bromoenals, followed by intramolecular cyclization. This operationally simple procedure offers a straightforward and rapid access to target compounds in moderate to good yields and enantiomeric ratio values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore - 560012 , India
| | - Soumen Barik
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore - 560012 , India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore - 560012 , India
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16
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Mahto P, Rana NK, Shukla K, Das BG, Joshi H, Singh VK. Asymmetric Multifunctional Modular Organocatalysis: One-Pot Direct Strategy to Enantiopure α,β-Disubstituted γ-Butyrolactones. Org Lett 2019; 21:5962-5966. [PMID: 31322898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient approach to enantioenriched α,β-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones has been developed through multifunctional modular organocatalysis in a highly enantioselective (>99% ee) and diastereoselective (>30:1) manner following a one-pot sequential Michael-hemiacetalization-oxidation reaction. The catalytic process has great substrate compatibility, and the products have been transformed to synthetically useful molecules. The methodology has also been applied to the formal synthesis of (+)-Pilocarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Mahto
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur - 208 016 , UP , India
| | - Nirmal K Rana
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur , Jodhpur - 342 037 , Rajasthan , India
| | - Khyati Shukla
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur - 208 016 , UP , India
| | - Braja G Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur - 208 016 , UP , India
| | - Harshit Joshi
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur - 208 016 , UP , India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur - 208 016 , UP , India
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17
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Liu Q, Chen X, Li S, Rissanen K, Enders D. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Pentacyclic Spirooxindoles via [3+3] Annulations of Isatin‐Derived Enals and Cyclic N‐Sulfonyl Ketimines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Xiang‐Yu Chen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Sun Li
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Aachen 52074 Germany
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18
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Mondal S, Yetra SR, Mukherjee S, Biju AT. NHC-Catalyzed Generation of α,β-Unsaturated Acylazoliums for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Heterocycles and Carbocycles. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:425-436. [PMID: 30653296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Account is aimed at highlighting the recent developments in the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates and their subsequent reactivity with (bis)nucleophiles thereby shedding light on the power of this NHC-bound intermediate in organocatalysis. This key intermediate can be generated by the addition of NHCs to α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or acid derivatives. A wide variety of bisnucleophiles can add across the α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums to form various five and six-membered heterocycles and carbocycles. Moreover, suitably substituted nucleophiles can add to this intermediate and result in valuable products following cascade processes. Employing chiral NHCs in the process can result in the enantioselective synthesis of valuable compounds. In 2013, we developed a unified strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyranones and dihydropyridinones by the NHC-catalyzed formal [3 + 3] annulation of 2-bromoenals with readily available 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds or primary vinylogous amides. This reaction takes place under mild conditions with low catalyst loading. Interestingly, employing enolizable aldehydes as the bisnucleophiles in this annulation afforded chiral 4,5-disubstituted dihydropyranones in spite of the competing benzoin/Stetter pathways. Moreover, the use of cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxy coumarin/pyrazolone afforded the coumarin/pyrazole-fused dihydropyranones. In addition, a [3 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of spiro γ-butyrolactones was demonstrated using 3-hydroxy oxindoles as the bisnucleophile. The interception of α,β-unsaturated acylazolium intermediates with malonic ester derivatives having a γ-benzoyl group resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes via a cascade process involving a Michael-intramolecular aldol-β-lactonization-decarboxylation sequence. The use of cyclic β-ketoamides as the coupling partner for catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of spiro-glutarimide and the reaction proceeds in a Michael addition-intramolecular amidation pathway. We have recently demonstrated the enantioselective synthesis of tricyclic δ-lactones with three contiguous stereocenters by the reaction of enals with dinitrotoluene derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing groups, under oxidative conditions. This atom-economic cascade reaction proceeds in a Michael/Michael/lactonization sequence tolerating a range of functional groups. This technique was also used for the N-H functionalization of indoles for the enantioselective synthesis of pyrroloquinolines following the aza-Michael/Michael/lactonization sequence. The use of α-arylidene pyrazolinones as the bisnucleophiles for the tandem generation of dienolate/enolates combined with the NHC-catalyzed generation of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums resulted in the enantioselective synthesis of pyrazolone-fused spirocyclohexadienones. This formal [3 + 3] annulation proceeds via the vinylogous Michael/spiroannulation/dehydrogenation sequence to afford spirocyclic compounds with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. It is reasonable to believe that the chemistry of α,β-unsaturated acylazoliums, catalytically generated through NHCs, will continue to flourish and will lead to amazing results. Future challenges in this area include the applications of this key intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | | | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Akkattu T. Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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19
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Yang ZT, Zhao J, Yang WL, Deng WP. Enantioselective Construction of CF3-Containing Spirooxindole γ-Lactones via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael/Lactonization. Org Lett 2019; 21:1015-1020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianhong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wu-Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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20
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Zhu SY, Zhang H, Ma QW, Liu D, Hui XP. Oxidative NHC catalysis: direct activation of β sp3 carbons of saturated acid chlorides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:298-301. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first activation of saturated acid chlorides by an oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst has been utilized to synthesize enantio-enriched spirooxindole lactones and δ-lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Dou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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21
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Liu M, Zhang X, Huang X, Dhawan G, Evans J, Kaur M, Jasinski JP, Zhang W. Recyclable Organocatalyst for One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofuranone and Tetrahydropyranone Spirooxindoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Gagan Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
- Department of Biomedical Science; Acharya Narendra Dev College; University of Delhi; -110019 New Delhi India
| | - Jason Evans
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry; Keene State College; 229 Main Street 03435 Keene NH USA
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry; Keene State College; 229 Main Street 03435 Keene NH USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
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22
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Feng TT, Gong Y, Wei QD, Wang GL, Liu HH, Tian MY, Liu XL, Chen ZY, Zhou Y. Diversity-oriented Construction of Chromanone-fused Polycyclic Pyrrolidinyl-dispirooxindoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Feng
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Qi-Di Wei
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Guan-Lian Wang
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Min-Yi Tian
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Xiong-Li Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guiyang 550025 Guizhou China
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23
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Sun D, Zhao X, Zhang B, Cong Y, Wan X, Bao M, Zhao X, Li B, Zhang-Negrerie D, Du Y. Synthesis of Spirofurooxindoles via Phenyliodine(III) Bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA)-Mediated Cascade Oxidative C−O and C−C Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desong Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Wan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmai Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin; University; Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 People's Republic of China
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24
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Murauski KJR, Jaworski AA, Scheidt KA. A continuing challenge: N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed syntheses of γ-butyrolactones. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1773-1782. [PMID: 29372207 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic, stereoselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed reactions facilitate efficient construction of many different heterocyclic compounds, such as the enantioenriched 5-membered (γ) lactones highlighted in this tutorial review. Herein, various strategies to enable formal [3+2] type annulations between electrophilic carbonyl equivalents and homoenolate nucleophiles for the synthesis of γ-lactones are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J R Murauski
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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25
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Xu H, Zhu Z, Guo Y, Liu C, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Tang M. A DFT study on N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed [4+2] annulation reaction with in situ generated heterocyclic ortho-quinodimethane: Mechanism, origin of enantioselectivity and role of catalyst. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Double Michael Addition: Stereoselective Synthesis of Spirofluorenes and Multisubstituted Indanes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Mei GJ, Shi F. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of spirooxindoles: recent developments. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6607-6621. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The past four years have witnessed significant developments in the field of the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of spirooxindoles, and this feature article outlines the recent progress in this area, including the contributions of our group. This article is divided into sections according to the size and type of the generated spiro-ring fused at the C3-position of the oxindole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian Mei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- China
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28
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Gao Y, Ma Y, Xu C, Li L, Yang T, Sima G, Fu Z, Huang W. Potassium 2-oxo-3-enoates as Effective and Versatile Surrogates for α, β-Unsaturated Aldehydes in NHC-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Sima
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE); Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU); 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
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29
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Spiroheterocycles via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111882. [PMID: 29117098 PMCID: PMC6150278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiroheterocycles are regarded as a privileged framework because of their wide distribution in various natural products and synthetic molecules and promising bioactivities. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of spiroheterocycles by using the strategy of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis, and is organized based on the stereoselectivity and the reactive intermediates. According to the stereochemistry, this review was divided into two main parts, covering racemic and enantioselective versions. In each part, we firstly describe the synthetic transformations using nucleophilic Breslow intermediates, and then discuss the reactions that employ electrophilic acylazolium or radical cation intermediates. With those distinct catalytic activation modes of NHC organocatlysis, we expect this synthetic protocol will possibly produce new molecules with structural novelty and complexity, which may warrant further research in the field of drug discovery.
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Ming S, Zhao BL, Du DM. Chiral squaramide-catalysed enantioselective Michael/cyclization cascade reaction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with α,β-unsaturated N-acylated succinimides. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6205-6213. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A squaramide-catalysed asymmetric Michael/cyclization cascade reaction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with α,β-unsaturated N-acylated succinimides afforded spirooxindole lactones in good yields with high stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ming
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Liang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- People's Republic of China
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