1
|
Xie R, Han Y, Luo W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Chen G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Olefination for Nucleic Acid Production. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e829. [PMID: 37498139 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed direct C-H olefination of unprotected uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate, and uridine analogues are described here. This protocol provides an efficient, atom-economical, and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of an alkenyl group at the C5 position of the uracil without pre-functionalization. A series of C5-alkenylated uridine analogues, including some biologically significant compounds and potential pharmaceutical candidates, were synthesized with exposed hydroxyl groups on the ribose. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: The reaction of uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, and sofosbuvir for the C-H olefination with methyl acrylate Basic Protocol 2: The reaction of uridine and 2'-deoxyuridine for the C-H olefination with styrene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqian Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxi Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maikhuri VK, Maity J, Srivastava S, Prasad AK. Transition metal-catalyzed double C vinyl-H bond activation: synthesis of conjugated dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9522-9588. [PMID: 36412483 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated dienes have occupied a pivotal position in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. They act as important synthons for the synthesis of various biologically important molecules and therefore, gain tremendous attention worldwide. A wide range of synthetic routes to access these versatile molecules have been developed in the past decades. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) has emerged as one of the utmost front-line research areas in current synthetic organic chemistry due to its high atom economy, efficiency, and viability. In this review, an up-to-date summary including scope, limitations, mechanistic studies, stereoselectivities, and synthetic applications of transition metal-catalyzed double Cvinyl-H bond activation for the synthesis of conjugated dienes has been reported since 2013. The literature reports mentioned in this review have been classified into three different categories, i.e. (a) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via oxidative homo-coupling of terminal alkenes; (b) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via non-directed oxidative cross-coupling of linear/cyclic alkenes and terminal/internal alkenes, and (c) Cvinyl-Cvinyl bond formation via oxidative cross-coupling of directing group bearing alkenes and terminal/internal alkenes. Overall, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the current status of the considerable development in this field and is expected to stimulate further innovation and research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry, St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Smriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barboza AA, Dantas JA, Jardim GADM, Ferreira MAB, Costa MO, Chiavegatti A. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Couplings in the Synthesis/Functionalization of Cyclic Scaffolds Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1701-7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past years, Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative couplings have enabled the construction of molecular scaffolds with high structural diversity via C–C, C–N and C–O bond-forming reactions. In contrast to the use of stoichiometric amounts of more common oxidants, such as metal salts (Cu and Ag) and benzoquinone derivatives, the use of molecular oxygen for the direct or indirect regeneration of Pd(II) species presents itself as a more viable alternative in terms of economy and sustainability. In this review, we describe recent advances on the development of Pd-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations/functionalizations, where molecular oxygen plays a pivotal role as the sole stoichiometric oxidant.1 Introduction2 Oxidative C–C and C–Nu Coupling2.1 Intramolecular Oxidative C–Nu Heterocyclization Reactions2.1.1 C–H Activation2.1.2 Wacker/Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization2.1.3 Tandem Wacker/Aza-Wacker and Cyclization/Cross-Coupling Reactions2.2 Intermolecular Oxidative C–Nu Heterocoupling Reactions2.3 Intramolecular Oxidative (C–C) Carbocyclization Reactions2.4 Intermolecular Oxidative C–C Coupling Reactions2.4.1 Cyclization Reactions2.4.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions2.4.3 Homo-Coupling Reactions3 Aerobic Dehydrogenative Coupling/Functionalization4 Oxidative C–H Functionalization5 Summary
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Q, Xie R, Zeng Y, Li W, Xiao G, Li Y, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed C–H olefination of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24930-24934. [PMID: 36199883 PMCID: PMC9434382 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefinations of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues are reported herein. This protocol provides an efficient, atom-economic and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of biologically important C5-alkene modified uracil/uridine-containing derivatives and pharmaceutical candidates. The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefinations of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues are reported herein.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqian Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Villalba F, Albéniz AC. Non‐Chelate‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Heck Reaction of Fluorobenzenes and Other Arenes: When Does the C−H Activation Need Help? Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villalba
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica. Universidad de Valladolid. 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica. Universidad de Valladolid. 47071 Valladolid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2- or 7-Arylindoles with Alkenes/Alkynes Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant Enabled by Quaternary Ammonium Salt. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175329. [PMID: 34500762 PMCID: PMC8433977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an efficient catalytic system using molecular oxygen as the oxidant for rhodium-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling remains highly desirable. Herein, rhodium-catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2- or 7-phenyl-1H-indoles with alkenes or alkynes to assemble valuable 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles, pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridines, or indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines using the atmospheric pressure of air as the sole oxidant enabled by quaternary ammonium salt has been accomplished. Mechanistic studies provided evidence for the fast intramolecular aza-Michael reaction and aerobic reoxidation of Rh(I)/Rh(III), facilitated by the addition of quaternary ammonium salt.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shyamlal BRK, Mathur M, Yadav DK, Chaudhary S. Microwave-assisted modified synthesis of C 8-analogues of naturally occurring methylxanthines: Synthesis, biological evaluation and their practical applications. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104533. [PMID: 32145313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, microwave-assisted, oxidant-interceded, transition-metal-free, cross-dehydrogenative Csp2-Csp3 coupling of C8-Caffeine 2/Theobromine 3/theophylline 4 with substituted aliphatic alcohols 11a-lvia CH bond activation for the preparation of series of substituted C8-(hydroxymethyl) Caffeine 12a-l/theobromine 13a-c/theophylline 14a-b has been developed using microwave irradiation upto 98% yield. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) under solvolysis condition at 120 °C for 20 min to corresponding substituted C8-(hydroxymethyl)-methylxanthine derivatives in good to excellent yields. The good substrate scope, control experiments, gram-scale synthesis, and practical synthetic transformations further highlights the practicality of this methodology. These C8-(hydroxymethyl) Caffeine 12a-l, 13a-c and 14a-b have been found to show promising in vitro antioxidant as well as antiplatelet activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Rajesh Kumar Shyamlal
- Laboratory of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Manas Mathur
- School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Dharmendra K Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 21936, South Korea
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vivek Kumar S, Banerjee S, Punniyamurthy T. Transition metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via C–H functionalization: recent trends and applications. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic alkenes and their derivatives are an important class of reactive feedstock and valuable synthons. This review highlights the transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of heterocyclic alkenes via a C–H functionalization strategy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cirujano FG, Leo P, Vercammen J, Smolders S, Orcajo G, De Vos DE. MOFs Extend the Lifetime of Pd(II) Catalyst for Room Temperature Alkenylation of Enamine-Like Arenes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Cirujano
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Pedro Leo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, ESCET; Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipan s/n; 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Jannick Vercammen
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Smolders
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Gisela Orcajo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, ESCET; Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipan s/n; 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| |
Collapse
|