1
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Mandal D, Kumar A, Patil NT. Gold catalysis in organic synthesis: fifteen years of research in India. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Ashraf A, Islam M, Khalid M, Davis AP, Ahsan MT, Yaqub M, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Bahkali AH, Shafiq Z. Naphthyridine derived colorimetric and fluorescent turn off sensors for Ni 2+ in aqueous media. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19242. [PMID: 34584124 PMCID: PMC8479070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly selective and sensitive 2,7-naphthyridine based colorimetric and fluorescence "Turn Off" chemosensors (L1-L4) for detection of Ni2+ in aqueous media are reported. The receptors (L1-L4) showed a distinct color change from yellow to red by addition of Ni2+ with spectral changes in bands at 535-550 nm. The changes are reversible and pH independent. The detection limits for Ni2+ by (L1-L4) are in the range of 0.2-0.5 µM by UV-Visible data and 0.040-0.47 µM by fluorescence data, which is lower than the permissible value of Ni2+ (1.2 µM) in drinking water defined by EPA. The binding stoichiometries of L1-L4 for Ni2+ were found to be 2:1 through Job's plot and ESI-MS analysis. Moreover the receptors can be used to quantify Ni2+ in real water samples. Formation of test strips by the dip-stick method increases the practical applicability of the Ni2+ test for "in-the-field" measurements. DFT calculations and AIM analyses supported the experimentally determined 2:1 stoichiometries of complexation. TD-DFT calculations were performed which showed slightly decreased FMO energy gaps due to ligand-metal charge transfer (LMCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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3
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Sreenivasulu G, Kadiyala V, Raju CE, Sridhar B, Karunakar GV. Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5‐
a
]pyridines Regioselectively
via
6‐
endo‐dig
Cyclization. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gottam Sreenivasulu
- Division of Fluoro and Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India)
| | - Veerabhushanam Kadiyala
- Division of Fluoro and Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India)
| | - Chittala Emmaniel Raju
- Division of Fluoro and Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India)
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India)
| | - Galla V. Karunakar
- Division of Fluoro and Agrochemicals CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India)
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4
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Emmaniel Raju C, Kadiyala V, Sreenivasulu G, Kumar PB, Sridhar B, Karunakar GV. Gold-catalyzed synthesis of 1 H-isochromene-4-carbaldehydes via oxidative cascade cyclization. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3634-3643. [PMID: 33908556 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-catalyzed formation of indenylidene-derived 1H-isochromene-4-carbaldehydes from substituted 1,5,10-triyne-O-silanes was developed under mild reaction conditions. In this reaction, gold-catalyzed selective oxidation, 1,2-migration, nucleophilic addition and then 5-endo-dig cyclization took place regioselectively. The indenylidene-derived isochromene-4-carbaldehydes were synthesized in moderate to very good yields via the formation of new C-C and C-O bonds in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittala Emmaniel Raju
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Veerabhushanam Kadiyala
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gottam Sreenivasulu
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Perla Bharath Kumar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Galla V Karunakar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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5
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Kadiyala V, Kumar PB, Sunil K, Raju CE, Sridhar B, Karunakar GV. Gold(iii) promoted formation of dihydroquinazolinones: double X-H activation by gold. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35681-35691. [PMID: 35517079 PMCID: PMC9056963 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06537d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient 2-furyl gold-carbene promoted synthetic method was developed for the formation of dihydroquinazolinones from enynones by dual insertion of anthranilamides. In this organic transformation a new C-O and two C-N bond formations occurred and dihydroquinazolinones were obtained with a quaternary centre in moderate to very good yields in one-pot synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhushanam Kadiyala
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Perla Bharath Kumar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Komalla Sunil
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Chittala Emmaniel Raju
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Galla V Karunakar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002 India
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6
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Wang MS, Xu HC, Gong Y, Qu RY, Zhuo LS, Huang W. Efficient Arylation of 2,7-Naphthyridin-1(2 H)-one with Diaryliodonium Salts and Discovery of a New Selective MET/AXL Kinase Inhibitor. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:457-467. [PMID: 32589005 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New 8-chloro-2-phenyl-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one building blocks bearing diverse substitutes on the 2-phenyl group were synthesized via an efficient diaryliodonium salt-based N-arylation strategy with the advantage of mild conditions, short reaction times, and high yields. A small combinatorial library of 8-amino substituted 2-phenyl-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one was further conveniently constructed based on the above chlorinated naphthyridinones and substituted aniline. Preliminary biochemical screening resulted in the discovery of the new 2,7-naphthyridone-based MET/AXL kinase inhibitors. More importantly, 17c (IC50,MET of 13.8 nM) or 17e (IC50,AXl of 17.2 nM) and 17i (IC50,AXl of 31.8 nM) can efficient selectively inhibit MET or AXL kinase, respectively, while commercial cabozantinib showed no selectivity. The further exploration of the 8-substituted 2-phenyl-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one combinatorial library would significantly accelerate the discovery of more potent and selective inhibitors against diverse kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Sheng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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7
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Ashraf A, Shafiq Z, Mahmood K, Yaqub M, Rauf W. Regioselective, one-pot, multi-component, green synthesis of substituted benzo[ c]pyrazolo[2,7]naphthyridines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5938-5950. [PMID: 35497456 PMCID: PMC9049208 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09148c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally benign synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[c]pyrazolo[2,7]naphthyridine derivatives through regioselective multi-component "on-water" reaction of isatin, malononitrile and 3-aminopyrazole. The Knoevenagel condensation of isatin with malononitrile resulted in the formation of arylidene, which subsequently underwent Michael addition with 3-aminopyrazole followed by basic hydrolysis, cyclization, decarboxylation and aromatization to give the target naphthyridines in good to excellent yields. The one-pot multi-component protocol was also employed to obtain the said naphthyridines in a lower yield (10-15%) than obtained by basic hydrolysis of spiro-intermediates. The present study shows attractive features such as the use of water as a green solvent, short reaction time, reduced waste products and transition metal free C-C and C-N bond formation. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were established through FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Kutchery Campus, The Women University Multan Multan 60000 Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Waqar Rauf
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) PO Box 577 Faisalabad Pakistan
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8
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Kadiyala V, Bharath Kumar P, Balasubramanian S, Karunakar GV. Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of 6-Hydroxyindoles from Alkynylcyclohexadienones and Substituted Amines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12228-12236. [PMID: 31460758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-catalyzed formation of 6-hydroxyindoles from substituted alkynylcyclohexadienones and amines have been developed. In this reaction two new C-N bonds were formed, and moderate to very good yields of the 6-hydroxyindole derivatives were obtained in one pot. This organic transformation tolerates a range of substituted alkynylcyclohexadienones and amines, which resulted in 6-hydroxyindole derivatives selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhushanam Kadiyala
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Perla Bharath Kumar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
| | - Sridhar Balasubramanian
- Center for X-ray Crystallography , CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500007 , India
| | - Galla V Karunakar
- Fluoro and Agrochemicals Department , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Ghaziabad 201002 , India
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9
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Purnachandar D, Suneel K, Balasubramanian S, Karunakar GV. Gold-carbene assisted formation of tetraarylmethane derivatives: double X-H activation by gold. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4856-4864. [PMID: 31038501 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-carbene promoted generation of tetraarylmethane derivatives from enynones and indoles was accomplished by the formation of a new C-O bond and two C-C bonds. It is significant that (2-furyl) gold-carbene assisted addition of two nucleophiles resulted in the formation of tetraarylmethane derivatives with a quaternary centre in moderate to good yields in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalovai Purnachandar
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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10
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Nagaraju V, Raju CE, Purnachandar D, Rao VJ, Karunakar GV. Conversion ofO-Propargylβ-enones to 2-Allylidene 1,3-Diones and Furan Derivativesvia[3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vemu Nagaraju
- Division of Fluoro and Agro Chemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Chittala Emmaniel Raju
- Division of Fluoro and Agro Chemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Ghaziabad- 201002 India
| | - Dalovai Purnachandar
- Division of Fluoro and Agro Chemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Ghaziabad- 201002 India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Division of Fluoro and Agro Chemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Galla V. Karunakar
- Division of Fluoro and Agro Chemicals; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; Ghaziabad- 201002 India
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11
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Sunil K, Thummala Y, Dalovai P, Balasubramanian S, Karunakar GV. A gold-catalyzed facile intramolecular rearrangement and cyclization sequence for synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6015-6024. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement and cyclization protocol was developed for synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives via formation of a new C–C and C–O bond with a quaternary centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komalla Sunil
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Yadagiri Thummala
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Purnachandar Dalovai
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | | | - Galla V. Karunakar
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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12
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Liu C, Wang G, Wang Y, Pereshivko OP, Peshkov VA. Copper-Catalyzed Reaction of Secondary Propargylamines with Ethyl Buta-2,3-dienoate for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dihydropyridines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Dushu Lake Campus 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Gaigai Wang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Dushu Lake Campus 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Dushu Lake Campus 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Olga P. Pereshivko
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Dushu Lake Campus 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
| | - Vsevolod A. Peshkov
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Dushu Lake Campus 215123 Suzhou P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science and Technology; Nazarbayev University; 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Block 7 010000 Astana Republic of Kazakhstan
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13
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Alyabyev SB, Beletskaya IP. Gold as a catalyst. Part II. Alkynes in the reactions of carbon–carbon bond formation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Fernández P, Alonso P, Fañanás FJ, Rodríguez F. Simultaneous Generation and Subsequent Cycloaddition of ortho
-Quinonemethides and Cyclic Enecarbamates Promoted by a Gold/Lewis Acid Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Pedro Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fañanás
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Félix Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería, 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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15
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Yi R, Li X, Wan B. Merging Gold Catalysis and Brønsted Acid Catalysis for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxia Yi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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