1
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Rasmussen MG, Jespersen MF, Blacque O, Mikkelsen KV, Juríček M, Nielsen MB. Subphthalocyanine-triangulene dyads: Property tuning for light-harvesting device applications. ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:1752-1762. [PMID: 35909459 PMCID: PMC9306930 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics relies on the development of stable chromophores and redox-active organic molecules with tailor-made HOMO/LUMO energies. Here, we present the synthesis and properties of novel dyads composed of boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and triangulene units, connected either at the peripheral position of the subphthalocyanine or at the axial boron. The connectivity has strong implications for the absorption and fluorescence properties of the dyads, as well as their redox properties. While the SubPc unit has a bowl shape, triangulene is a planar structural unit that allows dyads to dimerize in the solid state on account of π-stacking interactions as shown by X-ray crystallography of one of the dyads. The electronic properties were also studied computationally by density functional theory methods. Excellent agreement between experimental and computed data were obtained, showing that our computational method is a strong tool in the rational design of optimum molecules to ultimately obtain finely tuned molecules for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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2
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Hildebrand M, Holst D, Bender T, Kronik L. Electronic Structure, Bonding, and Stability of Boron Subphthalocyanine Halides and Pseudohalides. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hildebrand
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth 7610000 Israel
| | - Devon Holst
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada
| | - Timothy Bender
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 184 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovoth 7610000 Israel
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3
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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Wojtkiewicz K, Lough A, Bender TP. Analysis of the Solvent Effects on the Crystal Growth of Peripherally Chlorinated Boron Subphthalocyanines. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01320c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the characterization of the crystal/nano-structures for hexachloro-boron subphthalocyanines (Cl6BsubPc) grown via a variety of solvent diffusion methods and also with having axial substitutions variants: chloride; phenoxy; naphthoxy and...
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5
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Steinebrunner D, Schnurpfeil G, Thayssen J, Tapia Burgos JA, Wichmann A, Wöhrle D, Wittstock A. Comparison of the photocatalytic activity of novel hybrid photocatalysts based on phthalocyanines, subphthalocyanines and porphyrins immobilized onto nanoporous gold. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11364-11372. [PMID: 35423609 PMCID: PMC8695993 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of different singlet oxygen photosensitizers was immobilized onto nanoporous gold powder with a mean pore size of 40 nm via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The attachment of phthalocyanine and porphyrin derivatives was performed on the peripheral substituent of the macrocycle, whereas the subphthalocyanine derivatives were attached via the axial substituent with respect to the macrocyclic ring system. All obtained hybrid systems were studied in the photooxidation of 2,5-diphenylfuran as a chemical singlet oxygen quencher and showed increased photocatalytic activity compared to the same amount of the corresponding photosensitizer in solution due to photoinduced interactions of the plasmon resonance of the nanostructured gold support and the attached photosensitizer. The understanding of the different photophysical interactions depending on the coordination mode of the macrocycle as well as the position of the absorbance in the electromagnetic spectrum is an important point in the development towards highly active hybrid photocatalysts covering a broad absorption range within the spectrum of visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steinebrunner
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Günter Schnurpfeil
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jan Thayssen
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jorge Adrian Tapia Burgos
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Andre Wichmann
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Dieter Wöhrle
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University Bremen Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry, Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University Bremen Leobener Str. UFT 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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6
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Bukuroshi E, Petersen AU, Broløs L, Bender TP, Nielsen MB. Exploring the Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Axially Substituted Boron Subphthalocyanines with Carbon‐Based Functional Groups. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Bukuroshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street M5S 3E4 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anne Ugleholdt Petersen
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto 200 College Street M5S 3E4 Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto M5S 3H6 Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 184 College Street M5S 3E4 Toronto Ontario Canada
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7
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Broløs L, Kilde MD, Nielsen MB. Novel synthetic strategy towards subphthalocyanine-functionalized acetylenic scaffolds via various dibromo-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6077-6085. [PMID: 32613222 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) is a strong chromophore with interesting applications in the field of functional materials and can be synthetically modified in both the peripheral and axial positions, allowing tuning of optical and redox properties. Herein we present novel acetylenic scaffolds where SubPc units are bridged via acetylenic moieties at the boron atoms. Specifically, we show that dibromo-functionalized enyne and enediyne units (vinylic dibromides) can be attached to one or two SubPc boron atoms using an AlCl3-mediated alkynylation protocol of trimethylsilyl-protected alkynes, and such compounds can conveniently be employed for further Sonogashira or Glaser-Hay coupling reactions. Thereby, new tetraethynylethene (TEE) - SubPc scaffolds were obtained. The degree of communication between two SubPc units incorporated in dimeric scaffolds was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. When bridged by one TEE unit, the oxidations of the SubPc units occurred sequentially, while the two SubPc units behaved as independent redox centers when separated by two TEE units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Martin Drøhse Kilde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Rasmussen MG, Gotfredsen H, Kadziola A, Nielsen MB. Towards novel thieno-fused subporphyrazines via functionalized thiophene precursors. J Sulphur Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2020.1753190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Kadziola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Gotfredsen H, Holmstrøm T, Muñoz AV, Storm FE, Tortzen CG, Kadziola A, Mikkelsen KV, Hammerich O, Nielsen MB. Complexation of Fullerenes by Subphthalocyanine Dimers. Org Lett 2018; 20:5821-5825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Holmstrøm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alberto Viñas Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Freja Eilsø Storm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian G. Tortzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders Kadziola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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10
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Gotfredsen H, Neumann T, Storm FE, Muñoz AV, Jevric M, Hammerich O, Mikkelsen KV, Freitag M, Boschloo G, Nielsen MB. Donor−Acceptor-Functionalized Subphthalocyanines for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Timo Neumann
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; PO Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Freja Eilsø Storm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Alberto Viñas Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; PO Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; PO Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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11
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Lissau H, Andersen CL, Storm FE, Santella M, Hammerich O, Hansen T, Mikkelsen KV, Nielsen MB. Subphthalocyanine-radiaannulene scaffold - a multi-electron acceptor and strong chromophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2763-2766. [PMID: 29480303 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two subphthalocyanine (SubPc) units and a perethynylated, alkyne-expanded radiaannulene (RA) were fused together by a four-fold Sonogashira reaction to give a compound exhibiting: (i) four reversible one-electron reductions, the first signalling good acceptor strength of the RA core itself, while the following three are a consequence of the entire scaffold, and (ii) intense light absorption that spans a remarkably broad region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Lissau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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12
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Muñoz AV, Gotfredsen H, Jevric M, Kadziola A, Hammerich O, Nielsen MB. Synthesis and Properties of Subphthalocyanine–Tetracyanobutadiene–Ferrocene Triads. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2227-2234. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viñas Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders Kadziola
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for
Exploitation of Solar Energy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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