1
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Li J, Li L, Mao M, Li RP, Huo X, Tang S. Site-selective synthesis of indanyl-substituted indole derivatives via 1,3-dithiane induced Nazarov cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6540-6543. [PMID: 38841894 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient site-selective synthetic method to C2 and C3 indanyl-substituted indole derivatives via 1,3-dithianyl induced Nazarov-type cyclization. In particular, C2-selective indanyl-substituted indoles were directly obtained by a BF3·Et2O-promoted sequence of intramolecular C3-C2 migration and Nazarov-type cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Mingming Mao
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Rui-Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Huo
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Shouchu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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2
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Rodrigues Jr. MT, de Oliveira ASB, Gomes RC, Hirata AS, Zeoly LA, Santos H, Arantes J, Reis-Silva CSM, Machado-Neto JA, Costa-Lotufo LV, Coelho F. Bismuth(III) triflate: an economical and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1167-1178. [PMID: 38887581 PMCID: PMC11181232 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We describe the use of bismuth(III) triflate as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for the Nazarov reaction of aryl vinyl ketones, leading to the synthesis of 3-aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-indanones and 3-aryl-1-indanones. By changing the temperature and reaction time, it was possible to modulate the reactivity, allowing the synthesis of two distinct product classes (3-aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-indanones and 3-aryl-1-indanones) in good to excellent yield. The reaction did not require additives and was insensitive to both air and moisture. Preliminary biological evaluation of some indanones showed a promising profile against some human cancer line cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralph C Gomes
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Soares Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Zeoly
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Arantes
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Tangdenpaisal K, Kheakwanwong W, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Dihydro-10 H-indeno[1,2- b]benzofurans and Tetrahydroindeno[1,2- c]isochromenes via Stereoselective Intramolecular Carbocation Cascade Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2964-2983. [PMID: 38345392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nazarov cyclization of the (E)-(2-stilbenyl)methanols under the catalysis of p-TsOH immobilized on silica (PTS-Si) proceeded to give the corresponding indanyl cation with the exclusive trans relationship at the two newly formed adjacent stereogenic centers. The ensuing intramolecular nucleophilic addition by the MOM-protected phenol (m = 0) or benzyl alcohol (m = 1) furnished the Indane-fused benzofuran [5/5] or isochroman [5/6] system, respectively, with the exclusive cis stereocontrol at the two-carbon ring junction. Thus, in a single step, from nonchiral starting materials, the intramolecular cascade carbocation cyclization (CCC) furnished the [5/5] or [5/6] oxygen-containing Indane fused-ring systems in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity on all three contiguous stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassrin Tangdenpaisal
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
| | - Wichita Kheakwanwong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand 10210
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of the Permanent Secretary (OPS), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand 10400
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4
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Jin Y, Hok S, Bacsa J, Dai M. Convergent and Efficient Total Synthesis of (+)-Heilonine Enabled by C-H Functionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1825-1831. [PMID: 38226869 PMCID: PMC10811669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a convergent and efficient total synthesis of the C-nor D-homo steroidal alkaloid (+)-heilonine with a hexacyclic ring system, nine stereocenters, and a trans-hydrindane moiety. Our synthesis features four selective C-H functionalizations to form key C-C bonds and stereocenters, a Stille carbonylative cross-coupling to connect the AB ring system with the DEF ring system, and a Nazarov cyclization to construct the five-membered C ring. These enabling transformations significantly reduced functional group manipulations and delivered (+)-heilonine in 11 or 13 longest linear sequence (LLS) steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sovanneary Hok
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Yin H, Tian Y, Guo C, Song R, Yang D, Lv J. Cu(OTf) 2-Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Tandem Oxa-Nazarov Cyclization and Dibromination of Conjugated 1,2-Diketones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15862-15870. [PMID: 37910640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile tandem oxa-Nazarov cyclization and dibromination has been developed. The combination of Cu(OTf)2 and diphenyl phosphate (DPP-H) was found to synergistically promote the coupling of conjugated 1,2-diketones and N-bromosuccinimide to form 2,4-dibromo-3(2H)-furanones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ran Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytic Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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6
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Degroote F, Denoo B, Ryckaert B, Callebaut B, Van Hecke K, Hullaert J, Winne JM. Dithioallyl cation (3 + 2) cycloadditions under aprotic reaction conditions: rapid access to spiro-fused cyclopentane scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8117-8124. [PMID: 37786324 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a general method to effect all-carbon (3 + 2) cycloadditions that can elaborate cyclopentenes from a range of olefins. The required dithioallyl cation reagents can be generated in a newly developed mild protocol starting from 2-allyloxypyridine precursors, thus avoiding the use of strong Brønsted acids. The novel method significantly expands the substrate scope, which now also includes acid-sensitive olefins, and thus enables the preparation of previously inaccessible spiro-fused scaffold types from simple and readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Degroote
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bram Denoo
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bram Ryckaert
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Brenda Callebaut
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Hullaert
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Johan M Winne
- OSgroup, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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7
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Miguélez R, Barrio P, González JM. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of the Cyclopentene Core. CHEM REC 2023:e202300254. [PMID: 37821421 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Five-membered carbocycles are ubiquitously found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other classes of organic compounds. Within this category, cyclopentenes deserve special attention due to their prevalence as targets and as well as key intermediates for synthesizing more complex molecules. Herein, we offer an overview summarizing some significant recent advances in the catalytic assembly of this structural motif. A great variety of synthetic methodologies and strategies are covered, including transition metal-catalyzed or organocatalyzed processes. Both inter- and intramolecular transformations are documented. On this ground, our expertise in the application of C-H functionalization reactions oriented towards the formation of this ring and its subsequent selective functionalization is embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Miguélez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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8
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Inagaki T, Ando T, Sakurai S, Yamanaka M, Tobisu M. Palladium-catalyzed addition of acylsilanes across alkynes via the activation of a C-Si bond. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2706-2712. [PMID: 36908943 PMCID: PMC9993849 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed addition of a C-Si bond in acylsilanes across the triple bonds in an alkyne bearing a carbonyl group at one terminal is reported. The reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity, in which a silyl group is incorporated into the carbon α to the carbonyl group, allowing for straightforward access to a variety of functionalized alkenylsilane derivatives. Catalytic synthesis of indanones by annulation between acylsilanes and alkynes with an identical catalytic system is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Inagaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Takahiro Ando
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Shun Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Osaka Japan .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI) Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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9
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Shao J, Fu Y, Wang SR. Stereoconvergent Direct Ring Expansion of Cyclopropyl Ketones to Cyclopentanones. Org Lett 2023; 25:555-559. [PMID: 36652349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recyclization of the ring-opening species of alkyl cyclopropyl ketones to cyclopentanones, which proceeds through an unfavored 5-endo-trig cyclization predicted by Baldwin's rules, is elusive. Herein, as assisted by a strong aryl donor and the Thorpe-Ingold strain on a quaternary cyclopropyl center, stereoconvergent direct ring expansion of cyclopropyl ketones to cyclopentanones promoted by TfOH or BF3·Et2O is described, providing a modular construction of polysubstituted cyclopentanones from aldehydes, alkyl methyl ketones, and α-keto esters within three steps.
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10
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Rej S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. The [3]Dendralene Motif as an Entry into Nazarov Cyclizations by Silylium-Ion Initiation. Org Lett 2023; 25:426-431. [PMID: 36603195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Geminal alkenes bearing an aryl and an allenyl group contain the motif of [3]dendralenes. The central alkene double bond in these cross-conjugated polyenes can be reacted with a silylium ion, thereby initiating a Nazarov cyclization. The cationic intermediate emerging from the electrocyclic ring closure is captured by hydride in the presence of excess hydrosilane. The resulting benzannulated methylenecyclopentene derivatives bearing a silylalkyl group then engage in silylium-ion regeneration followed by an unusual endo-selective intramolecular hydrosilylation. This cascade eventually leads to the formation of a silicon-containing bicyclo[3.2.1]octane skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Yagci BB, Donmez SE, Şahin O, Türkmen YE. Catalytic aza-Nazarov cyclization reactions to access α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:66-77. [PMID: 36741815 PMCID: PMC9874235 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction of N-acyliminium salts generated in situ from the reaction of a variety of cyclic and acyclic imines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides to afford substituted α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles. The reactions proceed effectively in the presence of catalytic (20 mol %) amounts of AgOTf as an anion exchange agent or hydrogen-bond donors such as squaramides and thioureas as anion-binding organocatalysts. The aza-Nazarov cyclization of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with α,β-unsaturated acyl chlorides gives tricyclic lactam products 7 in up to 79% yield with full diastereocontrol (dr = >99:1). The use of acyclic imines in a similar catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction with 20 mol % of AgOTf results in the formation of α-methylene-γ-lactam heterocycles 19 in up to 76% yield and with good to high diastereoselectivities (4.3:1 to 16:1). We have demonstrated the scalability of the reaction with a gram-scale example. The relative stereochemistry of the α-methylene-γ-lactam products 19 has been determined via the single-crystal X-ray analysis of lactam 19l. In order to shed light on the details of the reaction mechanism, we have performed carefully designed mechanistic studies which consist of experiments on the effect of β-silicon stabilization, the alkene geometry of the α,β-unsaturated acyl chloride reactants, and adventitious water on the success of the catalytic aza-Nazarov reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Banu Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Selin Ezgi Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey,UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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12
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Nakajima D, Yokoshima S. Construction of the [7-5-5] Tricyclic Core of Daphniphyllum Alkaloids via a Cationic Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:9520-9524. [PMID: 36524720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The [7-5-5] tricyclic core of daphniphyllum alkaloids, containing contiguous stereogenic centers at C14 and C15 and a tetrasubstituted alkene moiety between C9 and C10, was constructed via a cascade reaction that involved an electrocyclic reaction of a pentadienyl cation and intramolecular interception of the resultant cyclopentenyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Babcock EG, Rahman MS, Taylor JE. Brønsted acid-catalysed desilylative heterocyclisation to form substituted furans. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:163-168. [PMID: 36472096 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01828d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclisation of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) protected γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones catalysed by para-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) to form substituted furans is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at room temperature in methanol to give a range of furan products (21 examples, up to 98% yield). Mechanistic experiments suggest the reaction proceeds via in situ deprotection followed by catalytic dehydrative heterocyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Babcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - James E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Somerset, BA2 7AY, UK.
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14
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Kubota Y, Fukuzumi J, Saito K, Yamada T. Experimental Investigation of Microwave-Specific Effect on Nazarov Cyclization. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Junichiro Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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15
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Thoenen M, Gettings M, Holt C, Frontier AJ, Caruana PA, Zeller M, Byrd EFC, Piercey DG. Approach to High-Nitrogen Materials with Dual-Use Properties via Tetraaza-Nazarov Cyclization. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18095-18101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoenen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Matthew Gettings
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, United States Military Academy, West Point, 606 Thayer Rd, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Connor Holt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Patrick A. Caruana
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- Detonation Sciences & Modeling Branch, CCDC U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Davin G. Piercey
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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16
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Yu KY, Ge XM, Fan YJ, Liu XT, Yang X, Yang YH, Zhao XH, An XT, Fan CA. Iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation of indolyl-substituted p-quinone methides with ynamides for the synthesis of cyclopenta[ b]indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8710-8713. [PMID: 35833607 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unique reactivity of indolyl-substituted p-QMs as a new type of two-carbon synthon has been explored for the first time in a novel iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation. This (2+2) annulation/retro-4π electrocyclization/imino-Nazarov cyclization cascade reaction is characterized by an unusual structural reconstruction of indolyl-substituted p-QMs, leading to an expeditious assembly of synthetically important functionalized cyclopenta[b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yu-Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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17
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Enyne diketones as substrate in asymmetric Nazarov cyclization for construction of chiral allene cyclopentenones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3146. [PMID: 35672319 PMCID: PMC9174488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nazarov cyclization is one of the most powerful tools for the stereoselective synthesis of various cyclopentenone scaffolds. Therefore, developing the new classes substrate of Nazarov reaction is an important endeavor in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report enyne diketones, enables diastereo- and enantioselective construction of chiral allene cyclopentenones in moderate to good yields with good enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). Importantly, it is a typical example for asymmetric synthesis of cyclopentanones with allene moiety using Nazarov cyclisation. Mechanistic studies indicate that this metal-organo relay catalysis protocol involves a rhodium-catalyzed tandem oxonium ylide formation/[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/reverse benzylic acid rearrangement, followed by organo-catalyzed asymmetric Nazarov cyclization/alkyne-to-allene isomerization to give the final chiral allene cyclopentenones.
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18
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Hatch CE, Martin MI, Gilmartin PH, Xiong L, Beam DJ, Yap GPA, Von Bargen MJ, Rosenthal J, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Mediated Oxidation of Sensitive Propargylic Benzylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:1423-1428. [PMID: 35148118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of sensitive propargylic benzylic alcohols having varying substituents is reported. We describe the preparation and characterization of N-hydroxytetrafluorophthalimide (TFNHPI) and pseudo-high-throughput development of a green electrochemical oxidation protocol for sensitive propargylic benzylic alcohols that employs TFNHPI as a stable electrochemical mediator. The electrochemical oxidation of propargylic benzylic alcohols was leveraged to develop short synthetic pathways for preparing gram quantities of resveratrol natural products such as pauciflorols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Philip H Gilmartin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lu Xiong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Danielle J Beam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Matthew J Von Bargen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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19
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Mondal B, Jagadeesh C, Das D, Saha J. An acid-promoted pseudocine substitution manifold of γ-aminocyclopentenone enables divergent access to polycyclic indole derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2504-2507. [PMID: 35089294 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated γ-aminocyclopentenones to be a suitable surrogate for reactive cyclopentadienone via a pseudocine-substitution manifold. This approach enabled its orchestrated annulation with "tailored" bis-nucleophiles and to furnish complex β,γ-annulated cyclopentanoids or indole-based polycyclic architectures. This strategy represents a generalized means for direct, regioselective and stereoselective β,γ-functionalization of monosubstituted or unsubstituted aminocyclopentenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mondal
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Chenna Jagadeesh
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dinabandhu Das
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus. Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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20
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Singh B, Bankar SK, Ramasastry SSV. Pd-Catalyzed Nazarov-Type Cyclization: Application in the Total Synthesis of β-Diasarone and Other Complex Cyclopentanoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:1043-1048. [PMID: 35060746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the palladium-catalyzed Nazarov-type cyclization of easily accessible (hetero)arylallyl acetates to pentannulated (hetero)arenes. This method provides ready access to various types of bi-, tri-, tetra-, and pentacyclic cyclopentanoids under neutral conditions. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated in the first total synthesis of β-diasarone and several other complex cyclopentanoids relevant to medicinal chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara Singh
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)─Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Siddheshwar K Bankar
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)─Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)─Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
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21
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Almubayedh S, Green JR. Alkynedicobalt mediated vinylogous Nazarov reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:1004-1007. [PMID: 34951440 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SnCl4 mediated reactions of cross conjugated aryl enynone-Co2(CO)6 and dienynone-Co2(CO)6 complexes afford benzocycloheptynone complexes or cycloheptenynone complexes in a thermal vinylogous Nazarov process. The rate of ring closure is strongly dependent on the ketone α-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiah Almubayedh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - James R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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22
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Saito H, Kato R, Ikeuchi K, Suzuki T, Tanino K. 8π Electrocyclic Reaction of Phosphonate Derivatives: Access to Seven-Membered Cross-Conjugated Cyclic Trienes. Org Lett 2021; 23:9606-9610. [PMID: 34881898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An anionic 8π electrocyclic reaction of 4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-1,3,6-heptatriene derivatives was developed. Under the influence of a base, the substrate underwent deprotonation at the C5 position followed by the 8π electrocyclization of the resulting heptatrienyl anion. The subsequent Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction in one pot, following the addition of an aldehyde, resulted in the production of the 3-alkylidene-1,4-cycloheptadiene derivative. The electrocyclic reaction proceeded in a stereospecific manner, resulting in the stereocontrolled formation of two neighboring stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Saito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ranmaru Kato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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23
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Petruncio G, Shellnutt Z, Elahi-Mohassel S, Alishetty S, Paige M. Skipped dienes in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2187-2213. [PMID: 34913051 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000-2020The 1,4-diene motif, also known as a skipped diene, is widespread across various classes of natural products including alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, and polyketides as part of either the finalized structure or a biosynthetic intermediate. The prevalence of this nonconjugated diene system in nature has resulted in numerous encounters in the total synthesis literature. However, skipped dienes have not been extensively reviewed, which could be attributed to overshadowing by the more recognized 1,3-diene system. In this review, we aim to highlight the relevance of skipped dienes in natural products through the lens of total synthesis. Subjects that will be covered include nomenclature, structural properties, prevalence in natural products, synthetic strategies and the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Synah Elahi-Mohassel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
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24
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Villar P, Grechkin AN, González-Pérez AB, de Lera ÁR. On the rearrangements of biologically-relevant vinyl allene oxides to cis-cyclopentenones, ketols, and Favorskii-type carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9460-9469. [PMID: 34693419 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to stereodefined cis-cyclopentenones, the rearrangement of naturally-occurring vinyl allene oxides can provide ketols, cyclopropylcarbinols, and Favorskii-type bis-(Z)-but-2-en-1-yl acetic acids. These processes have been studied by DFT computations using (Z)-but-1-en-1-yl allene oxides as model systems. Prior studies on the stepwise cascade process starting from (Z)-but-1-en-1-yl allene oxides established as key steps the ring opening of the oxirane to give oxidopentadienyl biradicals, and their isomerization through formation of alkenylcyclopropanone intermediates prior to the conrotatory electrocyclic ring closure to cis-configured cyclopentenones. Under neutral or under acidic conditions, the corresponding ketols and cyclopropylcarbinols have been computationally characterized as resulting from SN2, SN1 and SN1'-type processes, showing that the rearrangement of vinyl allene oxides is pH-dependent. Moreover, stereoconvergent base-induced Favorskii-type rearrangements to provide bis-(Z)-but-1-en-1-yl substituted acetic acids have also been justified. Since the model system captures the structural features of the vinyl allene oxides of biological relevance, our computations provide the most comprehensive overview of the complex reactivity of these natural species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, CINBIO, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alexander N Grechkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 261, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Adán B González-Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, CINBIO, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Ángel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, CINBIO, As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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25
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Zhou W, Voituriez A. Synthesis of Cyclopentenones with C4-Quaternary Stereocenters via Stereospecific [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Applications in Total Synthesis of Sesquiterpenoids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17348-17353. [PMID: 34661403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cationic gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfonium leads after cyclization to cyclopentenones with a C4-quaternary stereocenter. Starting with simple vinyl sulfoxides and propargyl silane, numerous compounds were isolated with moderate to good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses (26 examples). The application of this simple methodology allowed the efficient total synthesis of five natural sesquiterpenoids, including enokipodin A and B, hitoyopodin A, lagopodin A, and isocuparene-3,4-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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26
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Chin YP, Krenske EH. Nazarov Cyclizations Catalyzed by BINOL Phosphoric Acid Derivatives: Quantum Chemistry Struggles To Predict the Enantioselectivity. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1710-1722. [PMID: 34634910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have successfully predicted the stereoselectivities of many BINOL phosphoric acid catalyzed reactions over the past 10-15 years. Herein we report a contrasting example: a reaction for which standard quantum chemistry techniques have proven unexpectedly ineffective at explaining the stereoselectivity. The Nazarov cyclizations of a divinyl ketone catalyzed by a BINOL phosphoric acid or H8-BINOL dithiophosphoric acid were studied with a conventional contemporary quantum chemical approach, consisting of transition state optimizations with B3LYP-D3(BJ) and single-point calculations with several functionals in implicit solvent. Unexpectedly, different functionals gave widely different predictions of the level of enantioselectivity and were unable even to agree on which enantiomer of the product would predominate. Molecular dynamics simulations with the OPLS-AA force field provided evidence that the transition state geometries optimized with DFT in the gas phase or in implicit solvent are not good representations of the true transition states of these reactions in solution. One possible reason for this, which may also explain the failure of quantum chemical techniques to reliably predict the enantioselectivity, is the fact that the transition states contain ion pairs which are not highly organized and do not contain any strongly directional noncovalent interactions between the substrate and the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Ping Chin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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27
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Wu X, Ding D, Zhang Y, Jiang HJ, Wang T, Zhao LP. Enantioselective synthesis of 1-aminoindene derivatives via asymmetric Brønsted acid catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9680-9683. [PMID: 34486623 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a catalytic asymmetric iminium ion cyclization reaction of simple 2-alkenylbenzaldimines using a BINOL-derived chiral N-triflyl phosphoramide. The corresponding 1-aminoindenes and tetracyclic 1-aminoindanes are formed in good yields and high enantioselectivities. Further, the chemical utility of the obtained enantiopure 1-aminoindene is demonstrated for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-rasagiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Du Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hua-Jie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China.
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28
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Abstract
Titanium is an attractive metal for catalytic reaction development: it is earth-abundant, inexpensive, and generally nontoxic. However-like most early transition metals-catalytic redox reactions with Ti are difficult because of the stability of the high-valent TiIV state. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind Ti redox processes is key for making progress toward potential catalytic applications. This Account details recent progress in Ti-catalyzed (and -mediated) oxidative amination reactions that proceed through formally TiII/TiIV catalytic cycles.This class of reactions is built on our initial discovery of Ti-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] pyrrole synthesis from alkynes and azobenzene, where detailed mechanistic studies have revealed important factors that allow for catalytic turnover despite the inherent difficulty of Ti redox. Two important conclusions from mechanistic studies are that (1) low-valent Ti intermediates in catalysis can be stabilized through coordination of π-acceptor substrates or products, where they can act as "redox-noninnocent" ligands through metal-to-ligand π back-donation, and (2) reductive elimination processes with Ti proceed through π-type electrocyclic (or pericyclic) reaction mechanisms rather than direct σ-bond coupling.The key reactive species in Ti-catalyzed oxidative amination reactions are Ti imidos (Ti≡NR), which can be generated from either aryl diazenes (RN═NR) or organic azides (RN3). These Ti imidos can then undergo [2 + 2] cycloadditions with alkynes, resulting in intermediates that can be coupled to an array of other unsaturated functional groups, including alkynes, alkenes, nitriles, and nitrosos. This basic reactivity pattern has been extended into a broad range of catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative multicomponent coupling reactions of alkynes and other reactive small molecules, leading to multicomponent syntheses of various heterocycles and aminated building blocks.For example, catalytic oxidative coupling of Ti imidos with two different alkynes leads to pyrroles, while stoichiometric oxidative coupling with alkynes and nitriles leads to pyrazoles. These heterocycle syntheses often yield substitution patterns that are complementary to those of classical condensation routes and provide access to new electron-rich, highly substituted heteroaromatic scaffolds. Furthermore, catalytic oxidative alkyne carboamination reactions can be accomplished via reaction of Ti imidos with alkynes and alkenes, yielding α,β-unsaturated imine or cyclopropylimine building blocks. New catalytic and stoichiometric oxidative amination methods such as alkyne α-diimination, isocyanide imination, and ring-opening oxidative amination of strained alkenes are continuously emerging as a result of better mechanistic understanding of Ti redox catalysis.Ultimately, these Ti-catalyzed and -mediated oxidative amination methods demonstrate the importance of examining often-overlooked elements like the early transition metals through the lens of modern catalysis: rather than a lack of utility, these elements frequently have undiscovered potential for new transformations with orthogonal or complementary selectivity to their late transition metal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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29
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Abstract
Interrupted reactions reroute established processes to new and often unanticipated end points. Of particular interest are the cases in which a known reactive intermediate takes on a new reaction pathway, either because this pathway is lower in energy or because the conventional pathway is no longer available. Through analysis of documented cases, we aim to dissect the known interrupted reactions and trace their mechanistic origins. As new chemical processes are being discovered at a seemingly ever-increasing pace, it is likely that new interrupted reactions will continue to emerge. Our hope is that the cases considered in this Review will help identify new classes of these fascinating transformations.
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30
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Marin L, Jerhaoui S, Kolodziej E, Guillot R, Gandon V, Colobert F, Schulz E, Wencel‐Delord J, Lebœuf D. Sulfoxide‐Controlled Stereoselective Aza‐Piancatelli Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Soufyan Jerhaoui
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Emilie Kolodziej
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS UMR 9168 Ecole Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Emmanuelle Schulz
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Joanna Wencel‐Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) CNRS UMR 7042 Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace, ECPM 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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31
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Yu KY, Deng YH, Ge XM, An XT, Shu PF, Cao YX, Zhao XH, Fan CA. Tandem (2 + 2) Annulation/Retro-4π Electrocyclization/Imino-Nazarov Cyclization Reaction of p-Quinone Methides with Ynamides: Expeditious Construction of Functionalized Aminoindenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5885-5890. [PMID: 34279973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new tandem annulation of p-quinone methides (p-QMs) with ynamides is described. This cascade reaction features a unique combination of (2 + 2) annulation, retro-4π electrocyclization, and imino-Nazarov cyclization, wherein vinyl p-quinone methides (p-VQMs) as one of the key intermediates have been identified chemically. Significantly, an unusual structural reconstruction of p-QMs involving the cleavage of the C5-C6 bond and the late-stage formation of the C4-C6 bond is involved, leading to a methodology development for the construction of functionalized aminoindenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ye-Xing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
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32
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Gowala TN, Chaudhari P, Pabba J, Sawant K, Pal S, Ghorai SK. Synthesis of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted 2-Cyclopentenones via Sequential Functionalization of 2-Cyclopentenone. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10812-10818. [PMID: 34255508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of differently substituted 2,3,4-triarylcyclopent-2-en-1-ones from 2-cyclopentenone via sequential functionalization of a novel 2,4-dibromo-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) cyclopent-2-en-1-one intermediate has been developed. The process provides access to selective arylation at C-4 and C-2 with a broader substrates scope, which includes heteroaryl and alkyl substitution at C-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak N Gowala
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
| | - Pankaj Chaudhari
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
| | - Jagadish Pabba
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
| | - Krishna Sawant
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
| | - Sitaram Pal
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
| | - Sujit K Ghorai
- Syngenta Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Santa Monica Works, Corlim, Ilhas, North Goa, Goa India, 403110
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33
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Kimaru N, Komatsuki K, Saito K, Yamada T. Decarboxylation-triggered homo-Nazarov cyclization of cyclic enol carbonates catalyzed by rhenium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6133-6136. [PMID: 34042121 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Decarboxylative homo-Nazarov cyclization catalyzed by a Lewis acid was achieved using a cyclic enol carbonate bearing a cyclopropane moiety as a substrate. Various substrates were converted into the corresponding multi-substituted cyclohexenones in good yields via decarboxylation, followed by 6-membered ring formation involving cyclopropane-ring-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kimaru
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Komatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Suven Das
- Department of Chemistry Rishi Bankim Chandra College for Women Naihati 24-Parganas (N) Pin-743165 India
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35
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Cao J, Hu MY, Liu SY, Zhang XY, Zhu SF, Zhou QL. Enantioselective Silicon-Directed Nazarov Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6962-6968. [PMID: 33909970 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Nazarov electrocyclization reaction is a convenient, widely used method for construction of cyclopentenones. In the past few decades, catalytic asymmetric versions of the reaction have been extensively studied, but the strategies used to control the position of the double bond limit the substituent pattern of the products and thus the synthetic applications of the reaction. Herein, we report highly enantioselective silicon-directed Nazarov reactions which were cooperatively catalyzed by a Lewis acid and a chiral Brønsted acid. The chiral cyclopentenones we synthesized using this method generally cannot be obtained by means of other catalytic enantioselective reactions, including previously reported methods for enantioselective Nazarov cyclization. The silicon group in the dienone substrate stabilized the β-carbocation of the intermediate, thereby determining the position of the double bond in the product. Mechanistic studies suggested that the combination of Lewis and Brønsted acids synergistically activated the dienone substrate and that the enantioselectivity of the reaction originated from a chiral Brønsted acid promoted proton transfer reaction of the enol intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Yang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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36
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Xue D, Que Y, Shao H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Core Structures of Pyrrocidines and Wortmannines through the Excited-State Nazarov Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:2736-2741. [PMID: 33760620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction conditions and scope of the excited-state Nazarov reaction of dicyclicvinyl ketones were studied. The stereochemistry of this electrocyclization is consistent with the mechanism of the pericyclic reaction and Woodward-Hoffmann rule. UV-light-promoted excited-state Nazarov reactions gave hydrofluorenones bearing a syn-cis configuration via a disrotatory cyclization. The core tricyclic hydrofluorenones of pyrrocidines and wortmannines were constructed via the excited-state Nazarov reactions, which demonstrated their synthetic potential in complex natural product total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yonglei Que
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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37
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Kubota Y, Kawanori T, Sawada T, Saito K, Yamada T. Microwave-specific Enhancement of Nazarov Cyclization. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubota
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kawanori
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Taichi Sawada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kodai Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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38
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Yadykov AV, Yaminova LV, Krayushkin MM, Shirinian VZ. Cyclization of Polarized Divinyl Ketones under Aqueous and Ambient Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Liana V. Yaminova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M. Krayushkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valerii Z. Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky prosp. 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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39
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Nguyen KC, Wang P, Lindsey JS. Study of conditions for streamlined assembly of a model bacteriochlorophyll from two dihydrodipyrrin halves. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04855k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation followed by double-ring closure (Nazarov cyclization, electrophilic aromatic substitution, elimination of methanol) and optional zinc insertion smoothly afford models of the native bacteriochlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh
- USA
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40
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Munakala A, Chegondi R. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization/Aromatization of Alkyne-Tethered Cyclohexadienones to Access Meta-Substituted Phenols. Org Lett 2020; 23:317-323. [PMID: 33381974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a highly regioselective silver(I)-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones to access meta-substituted phenols with enone functionality, which are difficult to synthesize from conventional methods. The reaction proceeds via intramolecular 1,6-enyne cyclization followed by aromatization and subsequent oxetene ring rearrangement. This strategy has also been compatible with a wide range of C-tethered cyclohexadienones to afford indanes in high yields. The unique functionality of products allows further transformations to expand the diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandarao Munakala
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rambabu Chegondi
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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41
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Nejrotti S, Mannu A, Blangetti M, Baldino S, Fin A, Prandi C. Optimization of Nazarov Cyclization of 2,4-Dimethyl-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one in Deep Eutectic Solvents by a Design of Experiments Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235726. [PMID: 33291596 PMCID: PMC7730498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented Nazarov cyclization of a model divinyl ketone using phosphonium-based Deep Eutectic Solvents as sustainable non-innocent reaction media is described. A two-level full factorial Design of Experiments was conducted for elucidating the effect of the components of the eutectic mixture and optimizing the reaction conditions in terms of temperature, time, and substrate concentration. In the presence of the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide/ethylene glycol, it was possible to convert more than 80% of the 2,4-dimethyl-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one, with a specific conversion, into the cyclopentenone Nazarov derivative of 62% (16 h, 60 °C). For the reactions conducted in the DES triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide/acetic acid, quantitative conversions were obtained with percentages of the Nazarov product above 95% even at 25 °C. Surface Responding Analysis of the optimized data furnished a useful tool to determine the best operating conditions leading to quantitative conversion of the starting material, with complete suppression of undesired side-reactions, high yields and selectivity. After optimization, it was possible to convert more than 90% of the model substrate into the desired cyclopentenone with cis percentages up to 77%. Experimental validation of the implemented model confirmed the robustness and the suitability of the procedure, leading to possible further extension to this specific combination of experimental designs to other substrates or even to other synthetic processes of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nejrotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Alberto Mannu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); Tel.: +39-011-6708033 (M.B.)
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); Tel.: +39-011-6708033 (M.B.)
| | - Salvatore Baldino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Fin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 9-I-10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
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42
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Wang K, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Han C, Wang X, Li Y, Chen K, Zhao J. Cut and sew: benzofuran-ring-opening enabled cyclopentenone ring formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12817-12820. [PMID: 32966388 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach to the fully substituted cyclopentenones involving an unprecedented benzofuran-ring-opening is described. The cleavage of a benzofuran endocyclic C2-O bond proceeded smoothly in the absence of any transition metal catalyst or highly reactive organometallic reagent. Such benzofuran-ring-opening is delicately incorporated into an acid-catalyzed cascade process, orchestrating a novel synthetic strategy for complex cyclopentenones with excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
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43
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Metternich JB, Reiterer M, Jacobsen EN. Asymmetric Nazarov Cyclizations of Unactivated Dienones by Hydrogen-Bond-Donor/Lewis Acid Co-Catalyzed, Enantioselective Proton-Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:4092-4097. [PMID: 33162875 PMCID: PMC7643875 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report an enantioselective Nazarov cyclization catalyzed by chiral hydrogen-bond-donors in concert with silyl Lewis acids. The developed transformation provides access to tri-substituted cyclopentenones in high levels of enantioselectivity (up to 95% e.e.) from a variety of simple unactivated dienones. Kinetic and mechanistic studies are consistent with a reversible 4π-electrocyclization C-C bond-forming step followed by rate- and enantio-determining proton-transfer as the mode of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Martin Reiterer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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44
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Liu C, Yap GPA, Rowland CA, Tius MA. ( Z) -Trifluoromethyl-Trisubstituted Alkenes or Isoxazolines: Divergent Pathways from the Same Allene. Org Lett 2020; 22:7208-7212. [PMID: 32876462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of a charge-dipole interaction involving nonbonding electron pairs on fluorine, protonation of trifluoromethyl allenes leads to tri- or tetrasubstituted alkenes with high (Z)-selectivity. Treatment of the same allenes with catalytic Au(I) initiates a reaction cascade that produces isoxazolines in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolun Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 236 Brown Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Casey A Rowland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 236 Brown Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Marcus A Tius
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2545 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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45
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Abstract
The defining feature of the Nazarov cyclization is a 4π-conrotatory electrocyclization, resulting in the stereospecific formation of functionalized cyclopentanones. The reaction provides access to structural motifs that are found in many natural products and drug targets. Harnessing the full potential of the Nazarov cyclization broadens its utility by enabling the development of new methodologies and synthetic strategies. To achieve these goals through efficient cyclization design, it is helpful to think of the reaction as a two-stage process. The first stage involves a 4π-electrocyclization leading to the formation of an allylic cation, and the second stage corresponds to the fate of this cationic intermediate. With a complete understanding of the discrete events that characterize the overall process, one can optimize reactivity and control the selectivity of the different Stage 2 pathways.In this Account, we describe the development of methods that render the Nazarov cyclization catalytic and chemoselective, focusing specifically on advances made in our lab between 2002 and 2015. The initial discovery made in our lab involved reactions of electronically asymmetric ("polarized") substrates, which cyclize efficiently in the catalytic regime using mild Lewis acidic reagents. These cyclizations also exhibit selective eliminative behavior, increasing their synthetic utility. Research directed toward catalytic asymmetric Nazarov cyclization led to the serendipitous discovery of a 4π-cyclization coupled to a well-behaved Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, representing an underexplored Stage 2 process. With careful choice of promoter and loading, it is possible to access either the rearrangement or the elimination pathway. Additional experimental and computational studies provided an effective model for anticipating the migratory behavior of substiutents in the rearrangements. Problem-solving efforts prompted investigation of alternative methods for generating pentadienyl cation intermediates, including oxidation of allenol ethers and addition of nucleophiles to dienyl diketones. These Nazarov cyclization variants afford cyclopentenone products with vicinal stereogenic centers and a different arrangement of substituents around the ring. A nucleophilic addition/cyclization/elimination sequence can be executed enantioselectively using catalytic amounts of a nonracemic chiral tertiary amine.In summary, the discovery and development of several new variations on the Nazarov electrocyclization are described, along with synthetic applications. This work illustrates how strongly substitution patterns can impact the efficiency of the 4π-electrocyclization (Stage 1), allowing for mild Lewis acid catalysis. Over the course of these studies, we have also identified new ways to access the critical pentadienyl cation intermediates and demonstrated strategies that exploit and control the different cationic pathways available post-electrocyclization (Stage 2 processes). These advances in Nazarov chemistry were subsequently employed in the synthesis of natural product targets such as (±)-merrilactone A, (±)-rocaglamide, and (±)-enokipodin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Jackson J. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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46
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Zheng Y, Andna L, Bistri O, Miesch L. Tertiary Enamide-Promoted Diastereoselective Domino: N-Acyliminium Ion Trapping and Nazarov Cyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:6771-6775. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zheng
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucile Andna
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivia Bistri
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Equipe Synthèse Organique et Phytochimie, Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UdS, UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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47
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Yahiaoui O, Almass A, Fallon T. Total synthesis of endiandric acid J and beilcyclone A from cyclooctatetraene. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9421-9425. [PMID: 34094208 PMCID: PMC8161681 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endiandric acids are classic targets in natural product synthesis. The spectacular 8π/6π-electrocylisation/intramolecular Diels-Alder (8π/6π/IMDA) reaction cascade at the heart of their biosynthesis has inspired practitioners and students of pericyclic chemistry for nearly forty years. All previous synthetic approaches have sought to prepare a linear tetraene and thereby initiate the cascade. In this communication we demonstrate the use of cyclooctatetraene to rapidly intercept the 8π/6π/IMDA cascade at the cyclooctatriene stage. Endiandric acid J and beilcyclone A are prepared for the first time in six and five steps, respectively. The strategy features a tactical overall anti-vicinal difunctionalisation of cyclooctatetraene through SN2' alkylation of cyclooctatetraene oxide followed by an intriguing tandem Claisen rearrangement/6π-electrocyclisation from the corresponding vinyl ether. This rapidly constructs an advanced bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene aldehyde intermediate. Olefinations and intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloadditions complete the syntheses. This establishes a short and efficient new path to the endiandric acid natural products. DFT modelling predicts thermal racemisation of bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene intermediates, dashing hopes of enantioselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Yahiaoui
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Adrian Almass
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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48
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Chen BL, Zhang Y, Lei YR, Wang HM, Chen Z. An allenylidene Au(i) catalyst derived from triazole units and its initial application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5787-5790. [PMID: 32322850 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00429d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An allenylidene Au(i) catalyst based on triazolylidene moieties, featuring the high σ-donating ability (comparable to that of other NHC ligands) and largely enhanced π-accepting ability of its ligand, was developed for the first time. As compared with the extant gold complexes such as IPrAuCl, Ph3PAuCl and (PhO)3PAuCl, these allenylidene Au(i) catalysts exhibited superior catalytic activities in the gold-catalyzed Nazarov reaction of aryl enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ling Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguanchun street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguanchun street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Ya-Ru Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguanchun street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguanchun street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Zili Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 59# Zhongguanchun street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
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Abstract
An approach toward the 6-7-5 tricyclic carbon skeleton of the hamigeran natural products was developed. The key steps include a benzyne-β-ketoester annulative ring expansion to form the 7-membered ring, a Nazarov reaction to form the 5-membered ring, a Ni-catalyzed conjugate methyl addition or a Corey-Chaykovsky reaction to install the all-carbon quaternary center, and a Suzuki cross coupling followed by reduction to introduce the isopropyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Corbin JR, Ketelboeter DR, Fernández I, Schomaker JM. Biomimetic 2-Imino-Nazarov Cyclizations via Eneallene Aziridination. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5568-5573. [PMID: 32142272 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amidoallyl cations are appealing three-carbon synthons for the preparation of complex amine-containing carbocycles; however, methods to generate and utilize these reactive species are limited and underexplored compared to those for oxallyl cations. Here we disclose a bioinspired strain-driven ring opening of bicyclic methyleneaziridines to 2-amidopentadienyl cation intermediates that readily engage in Nazarov cyclizations. Advantages of this strategy include ease of generation and improved reactivity compared to 3-pentadienyl cations, control over the ultimate position of the alkene, the potential for high dr between vicinal stereocenters, and the ability to further elaborate the products to fully substituted aminocyclopentanes. Experimental and computational studies support a dual role for the Rh2Ln complex as both a nitrene transfer catalyst and a Lewis acid promoter, insight that provides a framework for the future development of asymmetric 2-imino-Nazarov cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Corbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Devin R Ketelboeter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departmento de Quimíca Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Quimíca Avazanda (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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