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Slater O, Kontoyianni M. The compromise of virtual screening and its impact on drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:619-637. [PMID: 31025886 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1604677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Docking and structure-based virtual screening (VS) have been standard approaches in structure-based design for over two decades. However, our understanding of the limitations, potential, and strength of these techniques has enhanced, raising expectations. Areas covered: Based on a survey of reports in the past five years, we assess whether VS: (1) predicts binding poses in agreement with crystallographic data (when available); (2) is a superior screening tool, as often claimed; (3) is successful in identifying chemical scaffolds that can be starting points for subsequent lead optimization cycles. Data shows that knowledge of the target and its chemotypes in postprocessing lead to viable hits in early drug discovery endeavors. Expert opinion: VS is capable of accurate placements in the pocket for the most part, but does not consistently score screening collections accurately. What matters is capitalization on available resources to get closer to a viable lead or optimizable series. Integration of approaches, subjective hit selection guided by knowledge of the receptor or endogenous ligand, libraries driven by experimental guides, validation studies to identify the best docking/scoring that reproduces experimental findings, constraints regarding receptor-ligand interactions, thoroughly designed methodologies, and predefined cutoff scoring criteria strengthen VS's position in pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Slater
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Illinois University Edwardsville , Edwardsville , IL , USA
| | - Maria Kontoyianni
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southern Illinois University Edwardsville , Edwardsville , IL , USA
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Boutard N, Sabiniarz A, Czerwińska K, Jarosz M, Cierpich A, Kolasińska E, Wiklik K, Gluza K, Commandeur C, Buda A, Stasiowska A, Bobowska A, Galek M, Fabritius CH, Bugaj M, Palacz E, Mazan A, Zarębski A, Krawczyńska K, Żurawska M, Zawadzki P, Milik M, Węgrzyn P, Dobrzańska M, Brzózka K, Kowalczyk P. 5-Keto-3-cyano-2,4-diaminothiophenes as selective maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:607-613. [PMID: 30626559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is involved in several key cellular processes and displays increased levels of expression in numerous cancer classes (colon, breast, brain, ovary, prostate and lung). Although no selective MELK inhibitors have yet been approved, increasing evidence suggest that inhibition of MELK would constitute a promising approach for cancer therapy. A weak high-throughput screening hit (17, IC50 ≈ 5 μM) with lead-like properties was optimized for MELK inhibition. The early identification of a plausible binding mode by molecular modeling offered guidance in the choice of modifications towards compound 52 which displayed a 98 nM IC50. A good selectivity profile was achieved for a representative member of the series (29) in a 486 protein kinase panel. Future elaboration of 52 has the potential to deliver compounds for further development with chemotherapeutic aims.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anna Cierpich
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Buda
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Galek
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Marta Bugaj
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Palacz
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazan
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariusz Milik
- Selvita S.A, Bobrzyńskiego, 14, 30-338 Kraków, Poland
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